IRAQ JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

A potting experiment was carried out in the plastic house using soil with a loam texture, for the purpose of studying the process of phytoremidation of soil contaminated with some heavy metals (Plumbum, Cadmium, and Nickel) using three ornamental plants: Ficu elastica (Fix) and Catharanthus vinca and Carissa, to evaluate the efficiency of above ornamental plants in absorbing and accumulating heavy metals from soil contaminated with them. Evaluation of soil and plant contamination with heavy metals based on concentration according to international standards. Seedlings of ornamental plants were planted at the same age and were fertilized with NPK elements according to the fertilizer recommendation. It was irrigated with tap water after depleting 35% of the prepared water. The experiment continued for four months and was carried out according to a completely randomized design (CRD) using three ornamental plants and three levels of three heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Ni are 0, 100, and 200 mg L-1 for Plumbum, 0, 10 and 15 mg L-1 for Cadmium, and 0, 50 and 100 mg L-1 for Nickel with four replications to make a number of experimental units 108. Soil samples were taken and after the end of the experiment, available and total heavy metals were estimated. Plant samples (leaves) were also taken after the end of the experiment, and concentrations of heavy metals were estimated. Results showed an increase in total and available concentrations of heavy metals in cultivated soil for all plants after the end of the experiment, directly with an increase in levels of added heavy metals. Plumbum, Cadmium, and Nickel (32.27, 28.62, and 33.56), (1.593, 1.009, 1.326) and (12.17, 8.41, and 10.61) mg kg-1 for heavy metals, respectively, for Ficus elastica (Fix) and Catharanthus vinca and Carissa, respectively. Plants can be arranged in terms of their efficiency in absorbing heavy metals as follows: Catharanthus vinca > Carissa > Ficus elastica, which indicates the high ability of plants to transport and accumulate heavy metals from soil to plant. Heavy elements can arrange according to the amount absorbed from them as follows: - Cadmium > Nickel > Plumbum

This research was carried out during the winter agricultural season 2022-2021 in the fields of a farmer in the Hawi Yarmaja area located (15 km) East of Mosul. The aim was to find out the effect of foliar feeding using microelements sprayed on the leaves to determine the best concentration of microelements that leads to increase the yield and its components and choose the best varieties in terms of yield, The research included (16) factorial treatments that represented the compatibility among four concentrations of micro-nutrient fertilizers (Fe, Cu, B, Mn, Zn) at concentrations (0, 200, 300, 400 g. donum-1) during two stages of growth (elongation and lining) with four varieties of bread wheat (Arabia, Talafar, Bora and Besanzo). The experiment was applied using the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) according to the split plot system, the results showed that the concentration 400 and Talafar and Bora varieties were significantly superior in most of the yield traits and components, while the control treatment gave the lowest average for the yield traits and components, and the overlap between concentration (400 g. donum-1) with the two cultivars Bora and Tal Afar occurred, and they obtained the highest rate for most of the studied traits

The areas of non-guaranteed and semi-guaranteed rain in Nineveh Governorate suffer from a lack of rain and are more vulnerable to the risk of desertification, as many techniques have been used to combat desertification and the scarcity of rain, including the use of Polymer gel under study. Retaining water and nutrients for as long as possible and releasing them slowly according to the plant’s need. It is also used to amend the soil, as it can improve the soil structure, reduce evaporation and filtration and thus increase plant growth, as it has proven its effective through studies that used this substance and when dismantling the hydrogel does not leave any negative impact on Soil These studies focused on the soft wheat crop, as it is one of the most important strategic crops in Nineveh Governorate

This study aimed to find chemicals that completely inhibit fungi contaminating Banana tissue without affecting the plant through the use of chemical fungicide Beltanol and copper sulfate and their interactions. Through the course of research fungi were isolated and identified from tissue cultures belonging to the Grand 9 banana plant, as six fungal species were isolated: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium expansum, and Penicillium sp.Some fungal inhibitors such as Beltanol and copper sulphate showed good efficacy against isolated fungi, where Beltanol showed the highest inhibition rate, reaching 100% for all the fungi under study at concentrations 250, 500, and 1000 ppm, except for concentration 62.5 ppm, as the average effect of the concentration reached all fungi 48%, and copper sulphate showed 100% inhibition at concentrations 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm with all fungi, while at a concentration of 500 ppm it had the highest inhibition with fungus A. flavus with a rate of 66% and the least inhibition was with the fungus C. oxysporum with an inhibition rate of 30%. The study showed the synergistic effect between the pesticide Beltanol 62.5 ppm, and copper sulfate 500ppm that the use of the lowest concentrations and in a synergistic manner gave 100% inhibition rates for all fungi contaminating tissue cultures and also in the germination of their spores. Copper sulfate 500 ppm that the use of the lowest concentrations in a synergistic manner gave 100% inhibition rates for all fungi contaminating tissue cultures and also in the germination of their spores

This experiment was conducted at the Poultry Farm: followed to Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture/University of Kirkuk, from 20/2/2022 to 12/6/2022 for a period of 112 days (16 weeks) to examine the effect of adding local myrtle leaf (LML) powder and Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) antitoxin on dent the productive performance of laying hens and the sensory and qualitative characteristics of the produced eggs. One hundred and twenty laying hens of Brown Lohmann type, 54 weeks old, were randomly distributed into 6 experimental treatments with 5 replicates/treatment. The first treatment was considered as a control group without addition, while 1 and 2% of LML powder were added to the second and third treatments. The fourth treatment included the control diet+0.05%BHT.In the fifth and sixth treatments, 0.05% of BHT was added to each of 1 and 2% of LML powder, respectively. Adding of 1 and 2% of LML powder to the diet led to a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the productive traits (egg production rate, egg weight rate, and egg mass rate) and an improvement in the feed consumption rate, protein, methionine, and the feed conversion factor for protein, feed, and methionine. On the other hand, the differences among treatments in sensory and qualitative characteristics of egg produced lacked significance. It can be concluded that the addition of local myrtle leaf powder at 1% and BHT at 0.05% enhanced the improvement of the productive characteristics of the laying hens without changing the sensory characteristics of the produced eggs

We evaluated the reaction of seedlings of tomato hybrids of different maturation to artificial lighting of different spectral compositions in the laboratory of artificial climate in Russian State Agrarian University- Timiryazev, four tomato hybrids (Captain F1, Rafinad F1, Coral Reef F1, and Fire F1), seven lighting treatments (red, green, blue, white, green + blue, blue + red and green + red) with a two-factor design of the factorial experiment (hybrids – factor A and radiation – factor B) according to the randomized complete block design in four repetitions were used. The effect of dual lighting treatments on plants was more pronounced compared to monochromatic light in plant height, the net assimilation rate (NAR) and fresh weight of leaves. The green + red (G+R) treatment provided the higher indicator of plant height (19.46 cm). The blue + red (B+R) treatment, the higher indicators were fresh weight of leaves and NAR
(6.57 g.plant-1, and 3.82 g.m2 -1.d) respectively. Monochromatic red (R) contributed most to the increase in fresh weight of stem (4.61g.plant-1) and total leaf area (244.00 cm2.plant-1). Hybrid Captain F1had the highest fresh weight of stem and leaves, and total leaf area. The Fire F1 hybrid gave the highest plant height and net assimilation rate

The biological properties of water are important in determining the suitability of water for various uses on the hand in addition to knowing the level of environmental pollution of this water on the other hand. This study aims to reveal the level of pollution occurring in the waters of the Euphrates River through these characteristics, and to identify the sources of this pollution. During the period from April 2022 to March 2023, the water quality of the Euphrates River was examined between Al-Qaim and Ramadi cities. The examined parameters include dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Fecal Coliform (FC), Total coliform Bactria (TC), Total plate count (TPC). The obtained values of such parameters were compared with the standard values of the World Health Organization (WHO). While most of the measurements were within the allowable range such as DO and BOD values in Hit and Ramadi cities which reached 8.31±0.41 mg/l, and 4.41±0.93 mg/l respectively, some values exceeded the limits of WHO regulations such as FC and TC values in Al-Qaim district which reached to 82.39±30.35 cell/100ml and 203.94±77.74 cell/100ml respectively. However, the correlation coefficient between the involved parameters was examined related to location and time. In conclusion, river pollution levels varied from one region to another area through the under-study parameters, as river water is generally suitable for irrigation but not for drinking without pretreatment processes

The present work aims to estimate the yield of wheat crop for a particular wheat farm in Najaf Governorate, southwestern Iraq.
To achieve this objective, seven multispectral bands of the Landsat satellite with a spatial resolution of 30×30 square meters were used for two different time periods. The satellite image for the first time represents the high vegetative growth of the wheat crop, and the satellite image for the second time represents the farm after harvest.
The RGB coloring model was used as an unsupervised method, which classifies the scene according to its three-component RGB color combination. This model was used to determine the number of classes in a scene. Depending on the number of classes determined by the unsupervised method, a supervised classification using a maximum-likelihood technique was used to perform the classification process for the Multi temporal-spectral images. A mask was created to define the selected area (a wheat farm) and through it, the data was read within the boundaries of the area in which the yield will be calculated.
The results show that the rate of wheat production for the study area is equal to 89.27 ton by using spectral bands. It can also be seen that the average percentage error (8.66%) applied with the spectral bands

Successful proliferation of adventitious shoots via periodical subcultures in Lisianthus plant was achieved. This study showed the essential role of Kinetin (Kin) as a single exogenous plant growth regulator on the micro-propagation of Lisianthus. At the shoots production phase, the highest average of shoot numbers (5.4) was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg.L-1 of Kin. During periodical subcultures, shoots multiplication increased gradually up to the fourth subculture. The highest average of shoot numbers (9) was observed at the third subculture and the highest shoots length (6 cm) was recorded at the fourth subculture on MS medium containing 2 mg.L-1 of Kin Shoots rooted easily on MS medium containing 1 mg L-1mg L-1 of IBA. The plantlets derived from this procedure were successfully acclimatized in a mixture of soil and peat moss (1:1, v/v) with 80% of survival percentage. The reported results have a high practical value in the field of Lisianthus micropropagation.

A highly efficient protocol for the regeneration of plantlets of lisianthus (cut flowers plant) was established via direct and indirect organogenesis induced from leaves explants. In direct pathway, a reliable strategy for mass propagation of shoots was devised after testing several concentrations of BA with Murashige and Skoog (MS) media, it was confirmed that the use of MS medium supplemented with 2 or 3 mg.L-1 produced the highest average number of shoots (13.8 and 14.2 respectively). The shoots were easily rooted on MS medium containing 2 mg.L-1 of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and high percentage of survival rate (80%) was achieved. In the second pathway (indirect organogenesis), leaves explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA at 0,3, and 4 mg.L-1 for callus induction. Results appeared the maximum formation of callus 11.2 mm (in diameter) was recorded on a medium containing 4mg.L-1. Shoots proliferation was achieved using MS medium enriched with GA3 at 0.5 mg.L-1 +BA at 1.5 mg.L-1 as it was vigorous and produced the highest average of shoot numbers (23) and shoot length (3.6 mm) on callus tissue but hyper hydric shoots were observed. The root formation was occurred on MS medium devoid of growth regulators. Based on the results of our experiments, the direct pathway protocol should be useful for the rapid propagation of lisianthus plant, as good quality and quantity of shoots proliferation were obtained as well as it produced healthy plants that could still live in the field to produce one of the most beautiful cut flowers in the world