Iraqi Journal of Science

A series of 1,3-diarylprop-2-en-1-one oximes (7-12) were synthesized via
reaction of 1,3-diarylprop-2-en-1-one (1-6) with NH2OH. HCl in dry pyridine. In
order to produce the required products (13-18) as anti-isomers, these products (7–
12) were then treated with acetic anhydride in dry pyridine. Different substitutes are
maintained, resulting in the separation of different products in different yields The
recently produced esters are thought to be useful as building blocks for the synthesis
of substituted pyridines and many other nitrogen-holding complexes, which are
elaborate structures in medicinal chemistry and present in a variety of
pharmaceutical medications. The synthesized products were characterized and their
structural details were clarified using 1H NMR spectroscopy of a representative one
sample ester and oxime, (FT-IR, UV) investigations, and melting point analysis.
Besides the elemental micro analysis (C, H, N) of the same samples, the suggested
mechanisms for these reactions were investigated according to these calculations.

The monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is one of the proinflammatory
cytokines. It controls the passage and infiltration of monocytes,
macrophages, natural killers, and T cells into the sites of inflammation. The aim of
this study is to inspect the role of MCP-1 in maternal metabolic, physiological
changes and pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes mellitus,
dyslipidemia, and hypertension to develop pharmaceutical strategies for these
complications. This study included ninety Iraqi women divided into three groups:
thirty pregnant women in their first trimester as the P1 group; thirty pregnant women
in their third trimester as the P2 group; and thirty healthy non-pregnant women as
the control or C group. Serum concentrations of MCP-1 were analyzed by the
ELISA technique (sandwich principle). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), C-reactive
protein (CRP), fasting serum insulin (FSI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid
profile, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, liver function enzymes ALT, AST and
anthropometric parameters were measured. Our results revealed that serum MCP-1
significantly declined in the first trimester (P1) compared to the C group (p<0.05)
and non-significantly declined in the third trimester (P2) compared to that in the C
group, while there was a significant difference in serum MCP-1 between the P1 and
P2 groups (p<0.05 ). Serum CRP showed a highly significant increase in the P1 and
P2 groups compared to the C group at (p<0.01). There is a highly significant
difference between the P1 and P2 groups (p<0.01). Serum MCP-1 had a significant
positive correlation with body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF %),
systolic blood pressure (SBP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the P2 group
(p<0.05). No significant differences in FPG or HbA1C were found between all the
studied groups. Lipid parameters: TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL showed a highly
significant increase in the P2 group compared to the C and P1 groups (p<0.01). HDL
showed a highly significant decrease in the P2 group compared to the C group
(p<0.01), while it was only significantly decreased in the P2 group compared to the
P1 group (p<0.05). Depending on these results, we found that serum MCP-1
declines in pregnancy, the BMI, BF%, and the contractile arterial blood pressure
(SBP) have a positive correlation with MCP-1 in late pregnancy, and the
inflammation marker (CRP) has an independent association with MCP-1 in early
gestation.

Poly [N-(1, 3-thiazo-2yl)]maleamic acid synthesized from corresponding
monomer N-(1, 3-thiazo-2yl)maleamic acid (NTM) by using the process of
electrochemical polymerization in aqueous solution at room temperature. The
structure of the polymeric layer generated on the surface of (Low Carbon Steel
(L.C.S)) (working electrode) was investigated by a Fourier Transmission Infrared
[FT-IR] and a scanning electron microscope [SEM]. The anticorrosion ability of a
polymeric layer on low carbon steel (L.C.S) was investigated using a method of
electrochemical polarization at temperatures ranging from (293 to 323) K, in a 3.50
percent NaCl solution. The activation parameters, both kinetic and thermodynamic
for the L.C.S corrosion process were computed. The biological action of polymeric
film had been tested against the gram positive, Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus),
and the gram negative, Escherichia coli (E.coli). The result shows that polymer and
polymer nanocomposite provides the best performances for corrosion protection of
the L.C.S by reducing its corrosion current density in comparison with the bare
L.C.S. The effect of nanomaterials has been explored by adding them to solution of
the monomer for improving the anticorrosion and anti-bacterial characteristics of
polymeric films. The Oxide of Graphene was the nanomaterial used in this
investigation (GO).

A number of nitrones have been synthesized in three different procedures,
starting with N-phenyl hydroxylamine, followed by the condensation reaction with
some selected aldehydes. Furthermore, these nitrones were employed in the
preparation of a number of new isoxazolidines. Cycloaddition reaction of nitrones to
styrene produced the desired products.

10 sites were selected for investigating zebra mussels in the Tigris River for the
study that was conducted for the period from January to December 2020. The results
of this investigation showed that zebra mussels were recorded in the Tigris at Taji on
sites 7, 8, 9 and 10, while it was not found in the Tigris at Kut on sites 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and 6. This is the first time that this species was ever recorded in the Tigris. It was
found that the sites where zebra mussels appeared had a clear impact on the decrease
in the total organic carbon %age and turbidity (NTU). High dissolved oxygen values
were observed in the sites where zebra mussels were recorded, and the appearance of
zebra mussels in these sites caused a clear decrease in the appearance and total
density of benthic invertebrates, in addition to a clear increase in the total density of
epiphytic algae. Zebra mussels caused the disappearance of the local species of the
phylum Mollusca and crustaceans in the sites where it appeared.

In this study, the potential combined effects of silver (AgNPs) and silicon dioxide
nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) on male albino mice which were exposed intraperitoneally
to the 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg and mixed concentrations of nanoparticles (NPs) for
periods of 2 and 4 weeks, were evaluated. The evaluation was performed by
examining the haematological and biochemical parameters, in addition to the
bioaccumulation of NPs in the liver and kidney. The results showed that the platelets
count significantly increased in all exposed groups, while red blood cell count
(RBCs) decreased in most exposed groups. White blood cells (WBCs) and
haemoglobin (Hb) showed different levels in the exposed groups. Serum aspartate
aminotransferase (AST) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels also
showed a significant increase in the exposed groups, except in the groups exposed to
100 mg/kg of NPs for 2 weeks. Whereas blood urea nitrogen )BUN) serum level
showed a significant decrease in all exposed groups. However, the alkaline
phosphatase (ALP), uric acid (UA) and creatinine (CR) levels did not show any
significant alternations in the exposed groups. Significant increase was also noted in
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels among the exposed groups. An
accumulation of AgNPs and SiO2NPs was observed both in livers and kidneys in the
exposed groups. The results showed that SiO2NPs have a synergistic effect on
AgNPs accumulation in the groups exposed to mixed nanoparticles.

In this study, out of 50 isolates of some nosocomial infections from some
Baghdad hospitals, only 13 (26%) were identified as Escherichia coli. Depending on
selective media, morphological and biochemical tests the species was then
confirmed by molecular methods. Later on antimicrobial resistance test was
performed by the Kirby-Bauer method. The molecular characterization of blaTEM
and blaCTX-M genes in different clinical isolates of E. coli was done through
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by utilizing special primers. These genes were
positive to only 4 (30.7%) isolates. The sequence of nucleotides of positive genes
was carried out for four isolates. The results showed that there was no variance in
the nucleotide sequence between Iraqi isolates compared with the global isolates,
and that they were 100% identical to many genera of Enterobacteriaceae. Finally,
due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, these genes in human strains were likely
the source of widespread drug resistance.

Samples of the root nodules were collected to isolate different species of the
genus Rhizobium from several leguminous plants; Trigonella foenum-graecum,
Medicago sativa, Lens culinaris, Vigna mungo, Vicia faba, Phaseolus vulgaris, and
Cicer arietinum, and based on their morphological, cultural, and biochemical
characteristics, in addition to the identification of each isolate at the species level by
amplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and using the sequencing of the
nitrogenous bases of the 16S rRNA gene, it was identified as Sinrhizobium meliloti,
Sinrhizobium meliloti, Bradyrhizobium elkanii, Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar
viciae, Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar phaseoli and Mesorhizobium cicero,
respectively, (with the exception of bacteria isolated from Lens culinaris) it showed
an agreement with the GenBank isolates with percentages ranging between (96-98)
percent, as well as drawing the phylogenetic tree to determine the extent of
evolution between these isolates and their convergence in the original with the
international standard isolates.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial chronic systemic
autoimmune disease. It is characterized by a lack of immune tolerance to
autoantigens such as nuclear antigens. The aim of the study is to assess the
interferon-alpha (IFN-α) serum level in Iraqi patients with SLE and determine its
potential relation to different clinical and laboratory parameters and disease activity.
100 SLE patients were all females and with a mean of age 31.3 ± 10 years (16-
63years) and disease duration of 5.8 ± 3.7years (1 month to 15 years). The average
of SLEDAI score ranged from 2 to 22 with a mean of (8.53 ±3.42). Proteinuria,
ESR, creatinine and AST were significantly higher (65% vs. 10% and 0.62±0.11 vs.
0.70±0.14 mg/dl respectively) while the PLT was significantly lower (231.9±88.8
vs. 282.3±67.3 103/mL) (p< 0.001) among SLE patients as compared to control.
Serum levels of IFN-α were increased in the SLE patients compared to control, and
no significant difference has been observed (208.7±530.0 vs. 63.7±34.8 pg/ml)
respectively (P=0.245). Interferon-alpha showed a significant negative correlation
with the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) in the active and inactive groups.
There were no significant variations in all study parameters across IFN-α serum
levels (p greater than 0.05). In conclusion, the results suggest a risk effect for female
gender and age in etiology of SLE. IFN-α could not be considered as biomarker or to
have a risk effect in SLE patients or perpetuate the disease activity. No evidence for
any correlation between the IFN-α serum level and any clinical manifestations or
laboratory investigation of the disease in current study except for age and disease
duration, which suggests them as a risk factor for increasing the IFN-α serum level.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common infection that occurs when the number of
lactobacillus spp. bacteria (vaginal flora) decreases in the vaginal canal. The study
aimed to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus within vaginosis in
order to emphasize the importance of early detection and treatment. Totally, 90
vaginal swabs were collected using speculum and swabbing. The vaginal swabs
were subjected to standard microbiological testing, which included microscopy,
cultures (Blood agar and Mannitol salt agar), and antibiotic sensitivity testing. The
results showed that out of 90 samples, only 40 S.aureus isolates were collected. S.
aureus isolates showed maximum sensitivity to gentamicin and high resistance to
Cefoxitin, Erythromycin, Azithromycin, and moderate resistance to Clindamycin,
Rifampicin, Ciprofloxacin, and Doxycycline. Regarding molecular detection of
mecA, the results revealed that out of 40 S. aureus isolates only 22 isolates have this
gene. This study concludes that S. aureus (MRSA) was the most prevalent within
vaginosis with high resistance to most antibiotics.

This work is an experimental study about the effects of gas pressure and
magnetic field on plasma characteristics produced in an internal hollow
electrodes discharge (HED) system. The results show that the breakdown
voltage values increase with increasing the working pressure (especially with
the presence of a magnetic field). The breakdown voltage depends on the p.d.
product, where p is the gas pressure and d is the distance between the
electrodes. While the values of current discharge decrease with the increase of
the working pressure. The temperature of electron and the number density of
electron are calculated from the Boltzmann method and the broadening of
Stark, respectively. The results showed that the electron number density ( )
and plasma frequency ( ) increase with increasing the gas pressure,
especially with the presence of a magnetic field, i.e. the plasma is more stable
with the presence of magnetic field. While the electron temperature ( ) and
Debye length ( ) decrease with increasing the gas pressure.

Modern radiotherapy facilities like 3-Dimensional conformal radio therapy
(3DCRT), Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), were recently suggested in
Co-60 machine with Multi-leaf Collimator (MLC). In this study, two reference
chambers NE-2571#1205 and NE2581#537 were used for absolute dose
measurement in Equinox accelerator. A comparison of dose measurement by two
different IAEA protocols TRS-277 and TRS-398 has been studied. Analyzing TRS-
398, a common shaped empirical formula was developed for the four Co-60 units of
four Medical Colleges in Bangladesh with fitting parameters. It was found that an
average discrepancy in the determination of absorbed dose in water among the two
different protocols TRS-277 and TRS-398 were 1.33 % for the chamber NE-
2571#1205 and 0.65 % for the chamber NE2581#537 with combined uncertainty
±1.59 % (k=1). A good convergence has been obtained in the concepts and methods
in this study.

Bone metastases are the main reason for death in males suffering from advanced
prostate cancer. This study aimed to create zoledronic acid and graphene oxide
conjugation for anticancer therapy. The process of conjugation was confirmed by
several characterization methods including UV-VIS spectrophotometry, Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic force microscope (AFM). the
cytotoxicity of 400, 600, and 800 μg/ml to each GO, ZOL, and ZOL-GO was
evaluated on a human hepatic cell line (WRL 68) and human prostate cancer cell
line (PC3) using an MTT assay. The antitumor mechanisms of ZOL-GO were
examined by cell cycle analysis. The results demonstrated That ZOL-GO caused a
reduction in the cell viability of WRL 68 and PC3, with IC50 values of about 932.9
and 787.9 μg/ml respectively. The cell cycle distribution was evaluated after treating
the prostate cancer cells (PC3) with 800μg/mL of ZOL-GO, the results showed the
presence of a highly significant arresting effect in the G1 phase (P≤ 0.002) than the
untreated cells (control). Our findings demonstrate the potential antitumor activity of
using GO as a nanocarrier to improve the therapeutic efficacy of prostate cancer.

The efficiency of solar energy absorption in solar heaters is increased by the use
of selective absorption coating that possesses high absorption of solar radiation in
the UV-visible spectrum as well as low emission at the operating temperature in the
infrared region. In this work, novel selective coatings were synthesized by
improving the selectivity of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles by doping with
carbon nanoparticles using the exploding wire technique for carbon rods by high
current in suspended Cr2O3 particles. The structural properties and surface
topography were studied by XRD and FE-SEM, which illustrate the carbon-coated
Cr2O3 nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles were mixed with a support
material, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a matrix, for use as a selective coating for
three metals, namely copper, aluminium and stainless steel (SST). Reflectivity
measurements were performed within the UV-Visible spectrum to calculate the
absorption of solar radiation using numerical integration. The reflectivity was also
measured in the range from 2.5 to 25 μm to calculate the thermal emission of the
solar heater within the proposed operating temperature of 373 K. The measurements
showed good efficiency of using the produced material as a selective coating which
was prepared in a simple way compared to conventional methods. The best sample
with efficient absorptance (α) for solar spectrum and of lowest emittance (ε) in IR
region was for Al substrate coated by Cr2O3:C:PVP of α =0.886 and ε= 0.260.

The Rock Wool Board (RWB) is widely used in the building exterior insulation
all over world. As polymer affects hardening of plate, meaning it acted as a basic
binder in this work and gave a smooth texture, ease of carrying and workmanship in
different sizes and shapes. PVA was studied at the rates of PVA %4, %5, %6.66,
%10, %20, results showed that 6.66% is the best percentage, through tensile and
bending tests, this percentage was use with polyurethane with rates of PU 1, 0.5,
0.333, 0.25, 0.2 It is found that the ratio 0.333 is the best ratio to give good
mechanical properties of bending, tensile and elongation. This percentage was fixed
on different percentages of polymer (PU/PVA) as %2.5, %5, %10, %15, %20 and
examinations were performed on these percentages and percentage %10 was best,
this percentage was adopted. Another study in change of the rock wool with rates of
%5, %7.5, %10, %12.5, where it was found that best percentage of the rock wool is
12.5% after studying mechanical and physical properties.

Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique can produce high purity
nanoparticles, it is a top-down physical method based on the principle of dividing
metal ion bulk precursors into metal atoms, this method was used in this work to
synthesis cobalt nanoparticals (CoPNs) with the use of Nd: YAG laser with two
wavelengths (355 nm) and (532 nm) at energies (500 mJ) and (600 mJ) respectively,
with number of pulses (1000,1100, 1200, 1300, and 1400) for each wavelength. The
properties of the prepared nanoparticles were studied by UV-Vis, XRD, SEM with
EDX, AFM, and FTIR analysis and then its antibacterial activity was studied by
applying it on two types of bacteria with gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus,
Streptococcus mutans) and two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from the oral cavity. The findings showed that
CoNPs prepared using the PLAL approach have antibacterial activity and could be
employed to kill hazardous and pathogenic bacteria.

Biocompatible gold nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by hibiscus
plant leaf extract as a bioreactor. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated using
UV/Vis spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) . The study also investigated the effect of the different gamma
irradiation doses on the size and dispersion of the produced nanoparticles. In UVVis
spectra, the peak of Au NPs' surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was detected as a
single peak at 543 nm. The gamma irradiation induced a blue shift in the SPR peak,
which indicates that it might be applied as affective factor for size control. Physical
as well as chemical compound of gold with extract was discovered using Fourier
Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis. SEM results indicated that the nanoparticles
size was in the range from (25.61 - 48.36) nm and most of particles appeared within
the nanoscale with spherical and semi-spherical shapes, moreover, the irradiation
process led to development in the shape and size of synthesized nanoparticles”

The Yamama Formation represents a part of the Late Berriasian-Aptian
sequence, deposited during the Early Cretaceous period within the main shallow
marine depositional environment. The studied area covers three oil fields; Sindbad
oil field, Halfaya and Ad'daimah oil field, located in southeastern Iraq. Six major
microfacies were recognized in the succession of the studied area represented by the
Yamama Formation to determine and recognize depositional paleoenvironments.
These microfacies are; Peloidal  Packstone, Algal  Wackestone to Packstone,
Bioclastic Wackestone – Packstone, Foraminiferal Bioclastic Wackstone, Packstone,
Peloidal – Oolitic Grainstone and Mudstone Microfacies. These microfacies are
classified into three standard microfacies and three Facies Zones MFS-18/FZ- 8,
SMF 15/FZ-6 and SMF-10/FZ-7, representing the restricted marine, shoal and
shallow open marine associations facies, respectively.
The Yamama succession in the studied area is divided into three cycles
representing three depositional stages of highstand system tracts. These three cycles
are characterized by shallowing upward depositional mode where they are deposited
in the shallow open marine shoal with semi-restricted associations facies for each
cycle.
To the northeast of the study area near Halfya-5 well, the shoal association
appeared in the lower and middle part of the Yamama succession, and in Da-1 and
Sn-2 were three cycles. This case suggests that the paleo high was developed north
of the study area, while the open marine was extended to the southern part. The
presence of shallow open marine association facies between the Sulaiy and Yamama
successions refers to continuous deposition during the same depositional stage in all
studied wells. It may mark the end of the Sulaiy succession with the maximum
flooding surface (MFS). This first depositional stage is started with the shallow open
marine association facies underlain by shoal facies association and then semirestricted
association. The repetition of this cycle in the studied sections
symmetrically indicates the harmonic oscillation in sea level during the second and
third depositional stages of this sequence.
The Halfaya oil field within the Mesopotamian Block and Ad'daimah and
Sindbad oil fields within the Basra Blok explain the significant variation in the
thickness for this succession between the Halfaya oil field and the other oil fields.
This may suggest the occurrence of high depositional subsidence in Basra Blok and
uplifting during the Yamama depositional stages. The fact that the studied sections
are distinguished by the same cycles, albeit roughly, indicates that the lifting and sitdown
processes synchronized sedimentation.

The climate parameters annual rainfall and average mean temperature are
investigated from 2000 to 2019 for Kut, Hilla and Iskandaryia. Evidence of climate
change is noticed by decreasing the mean annual rainfall and relative humidity with
an increase in the annual mean temperature. The climate water balance has been
calculated. Due to high temperature, increased evaporation, and low precipitation
rates, there was a large water deficit. The total water surplus in the Kut area is 32.86
mm from November to February, and in Hilla and Iskandaryia is 20.4 and 27.8 mm
from December to February, respectively. The climate classification for the three
stations was semi-dry to dry climates. The region has a significant water deficit of
up to 79.6 % of the total rainfall values indicated in Hilla station. Climate change
has affected the locations near meteorological stations such as Kut, Hilla and
Alexandria. All the studied climatic variables imprint water surplus or water deficit
with slight changes within each geographical area.

The main aim of this research is to define the mineralogical composition of
recent sediments deposited around the Al-Teeb river basin in eastern Missan, trying
to determine the provenance or the source of these sediments.
The study area represents the southeastern edge of the Mesopotamian Plain and
is part of it. Quaternary deposits cover most of the area. It is clayey with old sea and
river deposits and part of aeolian deposits.
These sediments cover 95% of the study area, while the older rocks, which date
back to the Tertiary (Late Miocene – Pliocene), exposed in the area east and
northeast of the Al-Teeb area, made up hills which back to the undifferentiated
Pliocene Mukdadiya and Bai-Hassan formations.
The light components of these sediments consist mainly of quartz, feldspars
(potash and plagioclase feldspar), sedimentary rock fragments (carbonate rock
fragments, chert rock fragments, evaporates fragments), igneous rock fragments, and
metamorphic rock fragments
The heaviest minerals are opaque, amphiboles, pyroxenes, chlorite, epidotes,
biotite, garnet, muscovite, zircon, kyanite, staurolite, and rutile.
These sediments are typically formed by sedimentary rocks (single or many
cycles), low and high-rank metamorphic rocks, acidic and basic igneous rocks, and
pegmatite rocks.
The high percentage of opaque heavy minerals in clastic sediment refers to
unstable clastic sediments. The stability issue to the areas during the study shows
that there are significant variances over the several places, indicating dissimilar
sources and types of source rocks

In this research, we propose to use two local search methods (LSM's); Particle
Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the Bees Algorithm (BA) to solve Multi-Criteria
Travelling Salesman Problem (MCTSP) to obtain the best efficient solutions. The
generating process of the population of the proposed LSM's may be randomly
obtained or by adding some initial solutions obtained from some efficient heuristic
methods. The obtained solutions of the PSO and BA are compared with the solutions
of the exact methods (complete enumeration and branch and bound methods) and
some heuristic methods. The results proved the efficiency of PSO and BA methods
for a large number of nodes ( ). The proposed LSM's give the best efficient
solutions for the MCTSP for jobs in a reasonable time.

In this article, we introduce and study two new families of analytic functions by
using strong differential subordinations and superordinations associated with Wanas
differential operator/. We also give and establish some important properties of these
families.

Every finite dimensional normed algebra is isomorphic to the finite direct
product of or , it is also proved these algebras are ultrasemiprime algebras. In
this paper, the ultrasemiprime proof of the finite direct product of and is
generalized to the finite direct product of any ultrasemiprime algebras.

This paper is concerned with a Holling-II stage-structured predator-prey system
in which predators are divided into an immature and mature predators. The aim is to
explore the impact of the prey's fear caused by the dread of mature predators in a
prey-predator model including intraspecific competitions and prey shelters. The
theoretical study includes the local and global stability analysis for the three
equilibrium points of the system and shows the prey's fear may lead to improving
the stability at the positive equilibrium point. A numerical analysis is given to ensure
the accuracy of the theoretical outcomes and to testify the conditions of stability of
the system near the non-trivial equilibrium points.

The aim of this article is to present the exact analytical solution for models as
system of (2+1) dimensional PDEs by using a reliable manner based on combined
LA-transform with decomposition technique and the results have shown a highprecision,
smooth and speed convergence to the exact solution compared with other
classic methods. The suggested approach does not need any discretization of the
domain or presents assumptions or neglect for a small parameter in the problem and
does not need to convert the nonlinear terms into linear ones. The convergence of
series solution has been shown with two illustrated examples such (2+1)D- Burger's
system and (2+1)D- Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli (BLP) system.

In this work, we give an identity that leads to establishing the operator
( ) . Also, we introduce the polynomials ( ). In addition, we
provide Operator proof for the generating function with its extension and the Rogers
formula for ( ). The generating function with its extension and the
Rogers formula for the bivariate Rogers-Szegö polynomials ( ) are deduced.
The Rogers formula for ( ) allows to obtain the inverse linearization
formula for ( ), which allows to deduce the inverse linearization
formula for ( ). A solution to a q-difference equation is introduced and the
solution is expressed in terms of the operators ( ) . The q-difference method
is used to recover an identity of the operator ( ) and the generating function
for the polynomials ( ).

In a recent study, a special type of plane overpartitions known as k-rowed plane
overpartitions has been studied. The function ( ) denotes the number of plane
overpartitions of n with a number of rows at most k. In this paper, we prove two
identities modulo 8 and 16 for ( ) the plane overpartitions with at most two
rows. We completely specify the ( ) modulo 8. Our technique is based on
expanding each term of the infinite product of the generating function of the
( ) modulus 8 and 16 and in which the proofs of the key results are dominated
by an intriguing relationship between the overpartitions and the sum of divisors,
which reveals a considerable link among these functions modulo powers of 2.

In this paper, subclasses of the function class of analytic and bi-univalent
functions associated with operator
are introduced and defined in the open unit
disk by applying quasi-subordination. We obtain some results about the
corresponding bound estimations of the coefficients and .

In this paper, some new types of regularity axioms, namely pairwise quasiregular,
pairwise semi-regular, pairwise pseudo regular and pairwise regular are
defined and studied in both ̌ech fuzzy soft bi-closure spaces ( ̌ bicsp’s) and their
induced fuzzy soft bitopological spaces. We also study the relationships between
them. We show that in all these types of axioms, the hereditary property is satisfied
under closed ̌ fs bi-csubsp of ( ). Furthermore, we define some
normality axioms, namely pairwise semi-normal, pairwise pseudo normal, pairwise
normal and pairwise completely normal in both ̌ bicsp’s and their induced fuzzy
soft bitopological spaces, as well as their basic properties and the relationships
between them are studied.

In this present paper , a special model was built to govern the equations of two
dimensional peristaltic transport to nanofluid flow of a heat source in a tapered
considered in an asymmetric channel. The equations of dimensionless temperature
concentration are analytical solve under assumption slow Reynolds number and long
wave length. Furthermore, the results that receive by expressing the maximum
pressure rise communicates increased in case of non-Newtonian fluid when
equated with Newtonian fluid. Finally, MATHEMATICA 11 program has been
used to solve such system after obtaining the initial conditions. Most of the results
of drawing for many are obtained via above program .

Face Detection by skin color in the field of computer vision is a difficult
challenge. Detection of human skin focuses on the identification of pixels and skincolored
areas of a given picture. Since skin colors are invariant in orientation and
size and rapid to process, they are used in the identification of human skin. In
addition features like ethnicity, sensor, optics and lighting conditions that are
different are sensitive factors for the relationship between surface colors and lighting
(an issue that is strongly related to color stability). This paper presents a new
technique for face detection based on human skin. Three methods of Probability
Density Function (PDF) were applied to detect the face by skin color; these are the
Extreme Value Distribution Function and the Exponential Distribution Function
methods, in addition to a new proposed model, over the HSV (Hue, Saturation, and
Value) color space. The suggested technique aims to enhance skin pixel detection
and improve the detection accuracy of a colored region in the human skin in a
specific photo. The new model has proved to be 96.05% more accurate than the
Extreme value distribution function and Exponential distribution function according
to the selected region of the face during experiments. The images used in this paper
were 380 color images from Caltech (California Technology Institute) dataset.

This paper investigated an Iraqi dataset from Korek Telecom Company as Call
Detail Recorded (CDRs) for six months falling between Sep. 2020-Feb. 2021. This
data covers 18 governorates, and it falls within the period of COVID-19. The
Gravity algorithm was applied into two levels of abstraction in deriving the results
as the macroscopic and mesoscopic levels respectively. The goal of this study was to
reveal the strength and weakness of people migration in-between the Iraqi cities.
Thus, it has been clear that the relationship between each city with the others is
based on and of mobile people. However, the COVID-19
effects on the people’s migration needed to be explored. Whereas the main function
of the gravity model is to clarify the migration flows through modeling spatial
interaction. This was implemented using Python scripting language. It is concluded
that the gravity model has a powerful ability to analyze the movement of people
between cities. According to the mean of result between governorates, showing that
the highest attraction was between Babil and Anbar governorates amounted to ,
while the lowest attraction was between Wasit and Thi-Qar governorates with ,
and the others ranged between .

COVID-19 affected the entire world due to the unavailability of the vaccine. The
social distancing was a contributing factor that gave rise to the usage of Online
Social Networks. It has been seen that people share the information that comes to
them without verifying its source . One of the common forms of information that is
disseminated that have a radical purpose is propaganda. Propaganda is organized
and conscious method of molding conclusions and impacting an individual's
contemplations to accomplish the ideal aim of proselytizer. For this paper, different
propagandistic tweets were shared in the COVID-19 Era. Data regarding COVID-19
propaganda was extracted from Twitter. Labelling of data was performed manually
using different propaganda identification techniques and Hybrid feature engineering
was used to select the essential features. Ensemble machine learning classifiers were
used for performing the binary classification. Adaboost shows an accuracy of
98.7%, which learns from a weak learning algorithm by updating the weights.

The increase in cloud computing services and the large-scale construction of data centers led to excessive power consumption. Datacenters contain a large number of servers where the major power consumption takes place. An efficient virtual machine placement algorithm is substantial to attain energy consumption minimization and improve resource utilization through reducing the number of operating servers. In this paper, an enhanced discrete particle swarm optimization (EDPSO) is proposed. The enhancement of the discrete PSO algorithm is achieved through modifying the velocity update equation to bound the resultant particles and ensuring feasibility. Furthermore, EDPSO is assisted by two heuristic algorithms random first fit (RFF) and random best fit (RBF) to produce hydride algorithms termed RFF-EDPSO and RBF-EDPSO. The proposed algorithms are evaluated and compared with recent algorithms to minimize power consumption. Simulation results showed the effective performance of RFF-EDPSO and RBF-EDPSO in minimizing the number of operating servers.

Medical Ultrasound (US) has many features that make it widely used in the
world. These features are safety, availability and low cost. However, despite these
features, the ultrasound suffers from problems. These problems are speckle noise
and artifacts. In this paper, a new method is proposed to improve US images by
removing speckle noise and reducing artifacts to enhance the contrast of the image.
The proposed method involves algorithms for image preprocessing and
segmentation. A median filter is used to smooth the image in the pre-processing.
Additionally, to obtain best results, applying median filter with different kernel
values. We take the better output of the median filter and feed it into the Gaussian
filter, which then feeds the output of the Gaussian filter into histogram equalization
to improve image visualization. The segmentation is done by thresholding and
region growing segmentation. The value of threshold 128 was found to be better
after we tested many values of thresholding. This value of thresholding combined
with region growing gave accurate result segmentation of images. This paper
demonstrates how image noise, artifacts and techniques were used effectively to
improve image quality, and the analysis of performance of various techniques.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a hot area of research in recent years
due to the significant advancements in the semiconductor industry, wireless
communication technologies, and the realization of its ability in numerous
applications such as smart homes, health care, control systems, and military.
Furthermore, IoT devices inefficient security has led to an increase cybersecurity
risks such as IoT botnets, which have become a serious threat. To counter this threat
there is a need to develop a model for detecting IoT botnets.
This paper's contribution is to formulate the IoT botnet detection problem and
introduce multiple linear regression (MLR) for modelling IoT botnet features with
discriminating capability and alleviating the challenges of IoT detection. In addition,
a linear discrimination analysis (LDA) model for distinguishing between normal
activities and IoT botnets was developed.
Network-based detection of IoT (N-BaIoT) dataset was used to evaluate the
performance of the proposed IoT botnet detection model in terms of accuracy,
precision, and detection rate. Experimental results revealed that the proposed IoT
botnet detection model provides a relevant feature subset and preserves high
accuracy when compared with state-of-the-art and baseline methods, particularly
LDA.

Modern ciphers are one of the more difficult to break cipher systems because
these ciphers high security, high speed, non - propagation error and difficulty in
breaking it. One of the most important weaknesses of stream cipher is a matching or
correlation between the output key-stream and the output of shift registers.
This work considers new investigation methods for cryptanalysis stream cipher
using ciphertext only attack depending on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for
the automatic extraction for the key. It also introduces a cryptanalysis system based
on PSO with suggestion for enhancement of the performance of PSO, by using
Simulated Annealing (SA). Additionally, it presents a comparison for the
cryptanalysis system results that were obtained by the proposed technique, which is
called Modified PSO (MPSO) with classical PSO and GA. These algorithms can be
used for reducing the number of attempts or trials of key space, which are needed to
reach to the optimal solution (the exact initial setting of Linear Feedback Shift
Register (LFSR)),and increase the speed of the search process to find the best
solution. Based on the obtained results, these algorithms were shown to be effective
at finding the optimal solution and the MPSO method operates better compared with
PSO in the term of time and accuracy. Well known stream cipher systems were
attacked by the two soft computing methods as the cases of study, which are Geffe ,
Brȕer and Shrinking stream cipher systems.

This article presents a polynomial-based image compression scheme, which
consists of using the color model (YUV) to represent color contents and using twodimensional
polynomial coding (first-order) with variable block size according to
correlation between neighbor pixels. The residual part of the polynomial for all
bands is analyzed into two parts, most important (big) part, and least important
(small) parts. Due to the significant subjective importance of the big group; lossless
compression (based on Run-Length spatial coding) is used to represent it.
Furthermore, a lossy compression system scheme is utilized to approximately
represent the small group; it is based on an error-limited adaptive coding system and
using the transform coding scheme (discrete cosine transform or bi-orthogonal
transform). Experimentally, the developed system has achieved high compression
ratios with acceptable quality for color images. The performance results are
comparable to those introduced in recent studies; the accomplishment of the
introduced image compression system was analyzed and compared with the
performance of the JPEG standard. The results of the developed system show better
performance than that of the JPEG standard.

The aim of this study is to investigate the response of the Ionospheric E- region
critical frequency foE and virtual height h’E parameters to the solar cycle 22 over
Baghdad city (latitude 33.3˚N, longitude 44.4˚E). Both parameters display a high
relationship with the sunspot relative number within the ascending and descending
phases of the solar cycle. The E - region response to the solar activity is obvious
around noon, sunrise and sunset times. Moreover, the gap between local midafternoon,
dawn and sunset values expands as solar activity rises. In the declining
phase, there is an aspect that results in a peak of disturbance. This portion may have
linked to coronal holes and resulted in high disturbance peak during 1992-1994. The
impact of this portion is obvious in raising the values of foE, especially in 1993.

In this work, the annual behavior and cross-correlation between three different
solar-ionospheric indices were evaluated: Smoothed Sunspot Number (SSN),
Ionospheric T-Index (T-index), and Solar Flux (F10.7 cm) index during solar cycles
23 and 24. The annual behavior for the three tested indices of the maximum and
minimum years of the two solar cycles was studied. The correlative conducts
between the studied indices were evaluated for the studied periods (1996-2008) and
(2008-2019) of the 23rd and 24th solar cycles. The annual correlation between the
studied indices was represented by the linear regression equation. The suggested
mutual correlation equation gave a good agreement with the observed annual
average values of the tested indices. The statistical calculation results of the
calculated datasets of the tested indices showed very good results for all statistical
parameters. The evaluation of the annual correlations between tested solarionospheric
indices showed that the tested indices are mutually and linearly
correlated to each other and can be predicted reciprocally depending on the
suggested mathematical correlated equations.

A quantitative description of microstructure governs the characteristics of the
material. Various heat and excellent treatments reveal micro-structures when the
material is prepared. Depending on the microstructure, mechanical properties like
hardness, ductility, strength, toughness, corrosion resistance, etc., also vary.
Microstructures are characterized by morphological features like volume fraction of
different phases, particle size, etc. Relative volume fractions of the phases must be
known to correlate with the mechanical properties. In this work, using image
processing techniques, an automated scheme was presented to calculate relative
volume fractions of the phases, namely Ferrite, Martensite, and Bainite, present in
the microscopic image of high strength low alloy steel. First, the microscopic image
was segmented into Ferrite, Martensite, and Bainite regions. The phase structure's
geometric property was used to identify different phases present inside the
micrograph. After phase detection, the volume fraction of each region is calculated.

The Land Use/ Land Cover (LULC) is an essential application in many
remotely sensed projects and problems. Land use is simply man-made objects
such as urban, road complex targets, etc., while land covers are defined as any
target and phenomenon that appear neutral. The LULC study is essential for all
current and future engineering projects, as it shows the nature of the land's
components, which is evident in studying and modernizing residential areas. One
of the essential operations for studying LULC is the heterogeneity detection and
classification calculations of satellite images and topographic maps. A part of the
Baghdad, Iraq region was selected for the Landsat satellite group at different
periods to detect variance and make classifications for extracting and calculating
the changes. Many digital techniques were used to extract the results, such as;
digital change detection and two classification methods. The study showed a
significant decrease in the vegetation cover areas after 2015 and the expansion of
buildings and unincorporated slums due to the housing crisis. The digital
methods and results were evaluated using the ENVI (Environment for
Visualizing Images) ver. 4.5 and written subroutines in visual basic 6.0.