Rafidain journal of science

Antisperm antibodies (ASAs) was considered as an immunological cause of male
infertility. Serum inhbin B has a strong relationship with spermatogenesis and can be
considered as a cause of infertility. The aims of the study are to: 1- Detect the presence of
antisperm antibodies in both sera and seminal plasma of infertile patients and control
group. 2- Find the effect of antisperm antibodies in seminal fluid parameters. 3- Exclude
other male sex hormones as a cause of infertility. 4- Estimate serum level of inhbin B in the
studied groups. 5- Determine the relationship between serum inhbin B and total sperm count
in infertile males.
A total number of (90) individual, in which 70 infertile male patients with period of
infertility more than one year and 20 fertile males as control group. The study was carried
out on patients attending infertility care in a period of one year from June 2011 to June
2012, 90 semen samples were studied for semen analysis and for serological (ASAs) test
and 90 serum samples for serological (ASA) study by using micro agglutination test and for
hormonal assay (Latinizing hormone (LH), Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH),
testosterone, prolactin) and inhibin B by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
(ELISA). There was no significant difference between patients and controls according to the
serum level of (LH, FSH ,testosterone, and prolactin), antisperm antibodies found positive
in sera and semen of 15 (21.42%) of patients with titer 1/32 on semen and 1/64 in serum.
The remainder 55 (78.57%) patients, showed negative results for (ASAs). There was a
significant difference between mean % of total motility, mean % of normal sperm
morphology and mean of total sperm counts of patients with positive ASAs results when
compared to its mean in the control group. Mean concentration of serum inhibin B in
patients with negative (ASAs) result was (32.24) pg/ml, while of control group was (73.55)
pg/ml. The difference was considered highly significant. There was significant correlation
between total sperm count of patients with negative ASAs results and mean concentration of
serum inhibin B. This study suggests that the detection of ASAs in semen and sera of
patients decrease in normal seminal fluid parameters especially the motility and (ASAs)
can be considered as a cause of infertility in those patients, while low serum inhibin B in
the reminder patients can be considered as a cause of infertility, then inhibin B can be
considered as a marker for spermatogenesis.

This study was done to examine the effect of higher doses of omega-3 fatty acids on
bones metabolism because most studies that proved the importance of omega-3 didn't limit
the appropriate dose and didn't study the side effects of high doses especially on bone.
Twenty female rats whose ages (2.5-3) months and initially weighing (220-300) gm,
were divided in to four groups and given 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg orally of omega-3 fatty
acids for 30 days. At the end of the experiments, the blood was withdrawn, the right femur
was taken to determine the percentage of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium and the left
femur for hacking histological. The results showed that 200 mg/kg omega-3 lead to a
significant decrease in ALP activity with an elevation in Ca and P in serum and a significant
reduction in percentage of Ca and P with elevation in percentage Mg in bone ash, while the
activity of ALP was significantly elevated in the rats that treated with 400 mg/kg omega-3-
fatty acids accompanied with elevation in serum Ca and P and reduction in percentage of Ca
and elevation in percentage of P in bone ash compared with control group. Treatment 600
mg/kg omega-3 lead to elevation in ALP activity and reduction in Ca and P in serum and
bone ash. Histological results showed the appearance of osteoblasts and osteocytes and low
number of osteoclasts with 200 mg/kg omega-3, while the treatment of rats with 400 and 600
mg/kg omega-3 lead to reduce the number of osteoblasts and the appearance of osteoclasts
and osteocytes. These findings provide evidence that higher doses of omega-3
supplementation can lead to bone resorption and imbalance in minerals of bone.

The detailed investigation of a sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method
for the determination of trace amounts of cerium is described. The method is based on the
reaction of cerium(III) with arsenazo ш in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate surfactant
at pH 3.0 to form a blue-greenish coloured chelate absorbing maximum at 653 nm. Beer’s
law is obeyed over the range (5-70) μg /25 ml, with a molar absorptivity of (4.99×104) l.mol-
1.cm-1 and the coefficient of determination (r2) is 0.9994, Sandell’s sensitivity index is
(28.08×10-4) μg.cm-2, a relative error of (0.0-0.2%) and a relative standard deviation of (0.0 to
+2.1)%, depending on the concentration levels in the calibration curve. The method has been
applied successfully to determine cerium in sea water and some synthetic alloys.

Conductivity parameters of an aqueous solution of benzylidene substituted anilines (I-IV)
have been determined at five different temperatures in the range of 283.15-318.15 ºK,
through accurate conductance measurements. The obtained data were analyzed in
accordance to Lee-Wheaton equation taking into account the activity of the electrolyte in the
solution. The conductance measurement results were used to determine the association
constants (KA) of ion-pairs, the mean distance between ions in solution, in addition to the
molar conductance at infinite dilution (Λo) for the free ion in the solution. The dependence
of (KA) values on the temperature has been examined by plotting Log KA against the
reciprocal values of temperature (1/T), which showed linear relationship, where (KA) values
decrease with increasing temperature. Moreover, the enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG)
and the entropy (ΔS) have been derived from this linear relationship.

An indirect voltammetric method was developed for the determination of
chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) via square wave voltammetric behavior of sodium
nitroprusside (SNP) which gives a well-defined square wave voltammetric peak at
(-0.589)V against the reference electrode (Ag/AgCl/Sat KCl). The addition of CPZ leads to
the decrease of the reduction peak of SNP due to the interaction of SNP with CPZ. The
decrease in the peak current (ΔIp) was found to be linear and related to the concentration of
CPZ within the range of concentration [(0.490×10-6)-(9.77×10-6)] M with a correlation
coefficient of (0.9948). The method had been successfully applied to determine the CPZ in a
pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations.

this research, a new ligand 3,4,6,13,14,16-hexaazatricyclo [16,2,2,28,11]
tetracosane- 2,5,7,12,15,17-hexaone), (DHC) was prepared from the reaction of
cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid with semicarbazide using microwave irradiation in solid
state. Then, it was reacted with some transition metal(II) ions to form complexes of the
type [M(DHC)Cl2], [M(DHC)]Cl2, where M = Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and
Zn(II). Adducts of the type [M(DHC)(PPh3)Cl]Cl and [M(DHC)(PPh3)]Cl2, were prepared
by the reaction of the above complexes with triphenylphosphine in a 1:1 molar ratio. The
prepared complexes and adducts were characterized by (C,H,N) analysis, metal content
analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment measurements, electronic and IR
spectroscopy, as well as the ligand was characterized by 1H,13C -NMR spectroscopy. The
electronic spectra and magnetic measurements indicate that the complexes have octahedral
environment around the metal ions.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and study the angular variation, in the presence
of the external magnetic field, of the mean and resultant displacements of the dipole-dipole
interaction frequency, O--O- ion dipoles in CaF2 crystal. The dipolar interaction frequencies
of six sites of equivalent ions are described by their geometrical parts of their tensors and
analyzed for four different cases. The conclusion is that the theoretical method provides a
satisfactory approach in cases for which there are adequate data.

The study of natural radionuclide materials is important to assess the health hazards on
human being and one of these materials is 40 K which is present in soil and different types of
stones. This study is performed to assess the 40K concentration in mudstones in the north of
Iraq by (flame photometry and γ-ray spectroscopy) and to compare between these two
techniques in measuring its level. So the activity of potassium was measured by these methods,
and their results were compared with the results of other studies. The results show that the
concentration of 40K ranges from 284.3 Bq/kg to 2481.2 Bq/kg using γ-ray spectroscopy and
511.7 Bq/kg to 3623.6 Bq/kg using flame photometer technique and these results were
comparable with the upper level of the world mean specific concentration of 40K and cause no
health hazard. The results obtained by the two methods were also, compared using T-test and
P-value and they show no statistical significant difference.

The study included the effect of passive smoking exposure for different periods on some
physiological and biochemical parameters in the blood and organs of male mice, forty adult
mus musculus male mice were used. All animals were randomly divided into five groups
depending on exposure time to cigarettes smoke, the first group was exposed for two hours
daily for two months, the second group was exposed for four hours daily for two months, the
third group two hours daily for three months, the fourth group four hours daily for three months
while the fifth group was considered as control group. Results showed a significant decrease
(p < 0.05) in the total number of white blood cells and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in each
of packed cell volume and heamoglobin concentration in groups exposed to cigarettes smoking
as compared with control group.
The results also revealed that there is a significant increase in the activity of the enzymes:
alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase
(ALP), and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). The highest enzymatical activity occurred
when increasing the exposure time to four hours for three months. A significant increase in
bilirubin concentration was observed in groups that exposed for two hours, four hours daily for
three months respectively. Results showed also significant decrease in protein concentration in
the group which was treated for two hours daily for three months and four hours daily for three
months as compared with the group that was treated with four hours daily for two months.
Measurement of acetylcholineesterase activity in brain tissue showed a significant decrease
occurred in the group exposed for two hours daily for three months when compared with the
group that was treated with two hours daily for two months, and the group which was treated
for four hours daily for three months as compared with the group which was treated for four
hours daily for two months.The conclusion from this study suggested that exposure to smoking for different periods
causes alternations in some physiological and biochemical parameters in male albino mice.

The ability of the insecticides Vapcomic and Match to induce genic mutation in
conidia of the ascomycetous fungus Aspergillus amstelodami was tested. To this end ,the
inhibitory effect on the radial growth of the fungus, of five concentrations (5.4, 7.0, 9.0,
18.0 and 27.0 (μg/ml)) of Vapcomic and (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50(μg/ml) ) of Match were
tested. Three sublethal concentrations (giving inhibition of 50% or less of radial growth of
the treated compared to the untreated colonies) of both insecticides were selected for
mutagenicity tests. These were 5.4, 7.0 and 9.0 μg/ml for Vapcomic and 10, 30, 50 μg/ml
for Match. The mutagenic action of each concentration of the insecticide was sought in the
increase of the frequency of mutants resistant to the base analogue 8-azaadenine. Tests were
made by two methods, plate incorporation and pretreatment. None of the treatments differed
significantly from the spontaneous mutant frequency (which did not exceed 1×10-6 )
indicating the inability of the two insecticides to induce mutations according to the
protocols adopted in the present work.

There are many diseases in Iraq that have never been counted or examined, including
diseases related to food, which has deteriorated in recent years, and has rapid and direct impact
especially on the children category, one of these diseases is galactosemia. Blood samples were
collected from babies admitted to the children's hospitals in Mosul City (Ibn alatheer and
Alkhansa ) depending on the clinical symptoms of disease and then serum was taken and DNA
has been extracted. Measuring the concentration of Galactose-1-Phosphate uridyltransferase
GALT enzyme activity, galactose -1- phosphate by ELISA technique was done and DNA
samples were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The results showed decrease in the GALT enzyme level in babies with galactosemia (21.7
± 0.45 pg\ml) and in non-diagnosed children (79.8 ± 1.44 pg\ml) as compared with its level in
healthy babies (160.33 ± 0.93 pg\ml), and the level of enzyme in mother at (20.5 ± 1.92 pg\ml).
The results also, showed decrease in β-carotene, ascorbic acid and selenium levels in babies
with galactosemia compared with healthy babies and no change in α-tocopherol level in the
cases studied.
The results, did not show any genetic variation in the first region that consists from the
first to the fifth exon of GALT gene. While, the results showed that thirteen cases have genetic
variation in the second region that consisting from sixth to ninth exon. In addition, the results
did not show the presence of genetic variation in the third region, which consists of the tenth
and eleventh of GALT gene.

The present research focused on the measurement of raw water turbidity in a stretch of
Tigris River that flows within Nineveh province with the determination of efficiency
removal by different units of water purification.
The work covered Five main water purification plants located on both banks of the
river. From North to South, they are: The new project for water purification at left bank (algubba).
The unified project for water purification at right bank, The old project for water
purification at left bank, water project Al- Danadan and water project Al- Sallamiyah. The
results revealed that turbidity values ranged between (1.2 - 27.4) NTU. These values are low
and considered one of the positive results for the effect of Mosul dam lake on Tigris. The
site with the lowest turbidity content was Al-Gubba and that with the highest content was
Al-Danadan, since it is located at the center of Mosul city. The efficiency of sedimentation
units widely varied from month to month and from plant to others. Generally, the
efficiencies were low and their ranges wear restricted between (20 - 40%) in most samples.
The efficiency of filtration units also varied widely in time and space and with low
percentages. In (73.3%) of the samples, efficiency removal ranged between (1 - 50%). The
results of total efficiency showed that the arrangement of water purification plants, in
descending order were: The unified project for water purification at the right bank (70.7%),
the new project for water purification at the left bank (Al- Gubba) (55.9%), water project
Al- Sallamiyah (53.0%), water project Al- Danadan (42.6%) and finally the old project for
water purification at the left bank (30.8%).

The study included the purification of lipase from Pistacia khinjuke by the application
of the ammonium sulfate precipitation (70%), dialysis, ion exchange chromatography and
finally slab electrophoresis techniques. One isoenzyme was obtained having a molecular
weight of 43597 dalton and specific activity of 152 ×10-3 unit / mg protein. The maximum
lipase activity was obtained at pH 7.5, temperature 40 °C. The maximum velocity (Vmax)
was 0.142 unit/ml/min and Km value was 0.666 mM. The type and ability inhibition of
lipase was tested in presence of quercitine rutinoside and melatonine. The inhibition type
was noncompetitive and the inhibition constant Ki values for the two inhibitors were 1.025
and 1.006 mM, respectively.
The lipase affinity of normal and induced diabetic mice serum toward these
compounds was tested. The treatment of animals by a dose of 523.3 mg quercitine
rutinoside / Kg of body weight showed a significant decrease in lipase activity, but an
insignificant decrease with a dose of 8 mg melatonine / Kg of body weight. The treatment
of animals by these compounds led to a significant decrease in glucose, total cholesterol
and ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-C levels, but a significant increase in HDL-C in serum
of normal and induced diabetic mice. The inhibitory effect of quercitine rutinoside and
melatonine toward lipase and biochemical parameters' levels studied may help in using
these compounds as natural inhibiting drugs.

The research focuses on the preparation composite material containing glass powder of
grain size (10-15)μ reinforced polyester with volume fraction 30%. Many tests have been
done in different temperature conditions including Bending test, Hardness, Impact and
Thermal conductivity ( K ).The results show that Young's modulus ( E ) decreases and fracture toughness ( c K ) for
composites increase with increasing temperature, but Brinnels hardness decreases with
increasing temperature. The result also shows that thermal conductivity ( K ) increases with
increasing temperature.

In this research, a calculation of optical pass length of connecting system using laser in
the location of the research is done depending on the correction of Passman and Larmore.
Then, the changing of spectrum passing coefficients (atmosphere penetration) for absorption
as a function of the thickness of condensed water, the changing of spectrum passing
coefficients for scattering as a function of sight extent, the changing of scattering factor for
the rainy weather as a function of the rainfall rate, and the changing of penetration at rainy
weather as a function of the rainfall rate were studied. Finally, the changing of the whole
atmospheric penetration as a function of the rainfall rate was studied.
The outcomes have shown the importance of both condensed water as a factor with a
main effect on the atmosphere attenuation which is resulted from absorption and the aerosol
and rain as factors with an effect on the laser beam attenuation according to the scattering
concept.