Psychological Science

Abstract:
The current research aims to detect (superiority behavior among distinguished students in the secondary stage ) by identifying the following objectives:
The first objective: the superior behavior of distinguished students in the secondary stage.
Second Objective: Statistically significant differences in superior behavior among distinguished students according to the variable (gender).
- To achieve the aims of the research, the researcher built a scale of superiority behavior based on the theory of Jessica Tracy (2010) Tracy and its definition of superiority behavior The researcher has verified the psychometric properties of the scale as honesty was extracted in two ways: virtual honesty, and constructive honesty. The stability was also extracted by re-testing, so the stability coefficient reached (0.92) and the scale in its final form consisted of (10) items valid for measuring behavior Supremacist.
After that, the scale was applied to the basic research sample of (100) male and female students from schools affiliated to the Diyala Education Directorate for the academic year 2022-2023, who were randomly selected, and after processing the data statistically using (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T-test for one sample, and T-test for two samples), the following results were reached:
1. There is superior behavior in outstanding students.
2. There is a statistically significant difference on the scale of superior behavior according to the two gender variables (males, females), and in favor of females.
Considering the results, the study reached several recommendations and proposals.

Abstract:
The current research aims the extent to which academic passion contributes to competition among students in distinguished schools, the study sample consisted of (185) male and female students, with (100) males and (85) females from distinguished private schools, and “Vallerand academic passion scale” (2003) was used, which consists of (14) items, in addition to the “competition scale of El-Mahdaoui” (2022), which consists of (32) items, after extracting the validity and reliability of them.
The research concluded that the level of the distinguished students was average in both academic passion and competition, although there was no statistical significance between the arithmetic mean of the sample members and the theoretical mean of the two scales. The research also found that there are no statistically significant differences in both academic passion and competition according to the gender variable; The research showed that the contribution of academic passion to competition among students was effective.

Abstract:
Feeling and emotional effect of the behavior of others, and it is one of the most important human needs, and an individual who is good at sympathizing with those around him attracts them to him and affects their behavior in a positive way . Emotion is an important and basic pillar in human nature and is one of the basic emotional components that motivate behavior and determine its quality . The current research aims to measure emotional empathy and a relationship to the helping behavior of primary school teacher Excellence school . The number of the current research sample was (100) teachers students . the researcher prep he followed steps to extract honesty and reliability coefficient using the Alpha Cronbac method reached (0.83) As or the second research tool , the researcher adopted the scale that prepared by (Zbeery :2017 ). The stability coefficient reached (0.86) and this is considered excellent stability.

Abstract:
The current study aimed to identify the most important developmental crises or problems that gifted students may face during the stages of their psychological and cognitive development, as well as some proposals to address these crises or problems, as the study sample consisted of 70 students from schools for the gifted in the center of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, and to achieve these goals the researcher prepared A questionnaire consisting of 40 items or a problem distributed over two areas: psychological crises or problems, consisting of 12 problems, and the second, cognitive problems, consisting of 28 items or problems, as the descriptive approach was used to deal with the data that was collectedThrough this approach to verify the objectives of the research, the results concluded that there are developmental crises or multiple problems that constitute a burden on the development of the student's talent in the future, as the cognitive problems got a greater degree than the psychological problems whose degree was medium, and through drawing these results a group of The proposed solutions that alleviate these crises or problems, then the study led to a set of recommendations and proposals for other studies.

Abstract:
The current research aimed to reveal the behavioral problems that distinguished students suffer from, and to achieve the goal of the research, the two researchers adopted the analytical descriptive research method, as the research tool (questionnaire) was built to detect these problems from the point of view of distinguished students. The research sample reached (299) male and female students. They were chosen according to the method of the stratified random sample from the schools affiliated to the second Baghdad Karkh Education Directorate for the academic year 2022/2023, and after statistical treatments, the two researchers concluded that there are a number of behavioral problems that this group of students suffer from, and accordingly, conclusions and recommendations were reached.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the alienation of the outstanding high school students, and it is determined by the academic year 2022-2023 of the outstanding high school students. Alienation was defined by Coniston as a reaction to collective hated, social pressures and historical losses, after which some of these people tend to reject their society And following a certain path, alienation and its dimensions such as helplessness, meaninglessness, abnormality, isolation, and Feelings of hated are among the social phenomena that have been recognized as a social problem in most cultures. The issue of alienation from oneself and alienation from society is so important for people that many social distortions and deviations, including suicide and addictions and risky behaviors. In Friedberg's theory, alienation is the product and effect of dissatisfaction. In his research on the alienation of the younger generation, Friedberg stresses the general assumption that a person expresses his dissatisfaction in the form of detached and inconsistent behavior towards institutional social values, norms, and rules, and takes a defensive stance against it, in which Feelings of hate and pessimism are accompanied by negativity and indifference. Prepare it in a manner commensurate with the scientific method in preparing its paragraphs, and present it to the experts. The results of Table 4 show that in total, most of the respondents (52.1%) are in the middle range of the spectrum in terms of alienation. The obtained result was consistent with previous studies that If people experience alienation and feel they have no power against social forces, they are more inclined to engage in rebellious behavior.

Abstract:

The talented in all countries of the world are among the leaders of the future and a tool for building it, and the talented represent the most important human wealth, and the precious treasure for the development of peoples and the advancement of nations in advancement and creativity, so the scientifically and technologically advanced countries sought to discover them early in their belief that their progress depends on them, so the Gifted Care Authority relied on Iraq aimed at discovering and diagnosing gifted students at the age of ten, where talent appears clearly in behavior, thought and creativity.

Abstract:
The current research aimed to identify the attitudes of kindergarten teachers towards gifted children in kindergarten, and to determine whether there are differences in the attitudes of kindergarten teachers according to the variables of academic achievement and length of service.
{less than (5) years, from (5-9) years, from (10-14) years, from (15) years and more}, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher used the descriptive approach for its suitability to the nature of the research, and (100) female teachers were selected The teachers of Riyadh were a sample for the research, and they were selected using a simple random stratified method from kindergartens in Baghdad governorate from the directorates of Rusafa Education (the first, the second, and the third), and the directorates of Karkh Education (the first, the second, and the third). To verify the objectives of the research, the researcher built a trend scale Kindergarten teachers towards gifted kindergarten children, and the number of its paragraphs reached (50) paragraphs, and the cognitive theory was adopted in building the scale, and the psychometric properties (honesty and reliability) of the scale were verified, and the data was processed statistically through the use of the statistical bag for social sciences (SPSS), By using the following methods (t-test for one sample, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, one-way analysis of variance, and standard error coefficient), the results of the research showed that kindergarten teachers' attitudes towards gifted kindergarten children were positive, and the results showed that there were no significant differences. Statistic At the level of significance (0.05) in the degrees of respondents' responses to the paragraphs related to their attitudes towards gifted children in kindergarten according to the variables (academic achievement and length of service), and in light of the results of the current research, the researcher reached a set of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract:
The current research aimed to identify the development of spiritual intelligence among Mentally Superior students of the age groups (13, 15, 17) years and for both sexes. Those enrolled in the distinguished schools in the second Rusafa Education Directorate / Baghdad in the academic year (2022-2023) and after applying the scale, the two researchers reached the following results: - Mentally superior students enjoy spiritual intelligence according to their age groups and for both sexes. - The emergence of statistically significant differences between mentally Superior students in spiritual intelligence, according to the age variable, and in favor of the older age group. - There were no statistically significant differences between mentally Superior students due to the gender variable. Based on the results reached, the researchers put a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals

Abstract :
The current research aims to:
1- Identifying family resilience among distinguished secondary school students.
2- Identifying family resilience among ordinary school students at the secondary level.
3- Significance of differences between outstanding school students and their ordinary peers in family resilience. To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researchers adopted the family resilience scale prepared by Harper (Harper, 2022). the sample statistically, and the following results were reached:
1- The secondary school students in the distinguished schools enjoy families characterized by family flexibility.
2- Secondary school students in ordinary schools enjoy families characterized by family flexibility. 3. There are statistically significant differences between students of privileged schools and their peers students of ordinary schools in family resilience and in favor of students of privileged schools.

Abstract:
The current study aims to identify the prevalent problems among adolescents, to study the potential impact of each of the variables of gender (male-female) and grade (second-fifth) on a sample of students from Tikrit schools.
The research sample was (140) students from Tikrit schools.
The researchers adopted a scale to measure the prevailing problems, which is an essential part of the basic requirements of the current research. If the scale is in its initial form of (39) items, the apparent validity of the scale has been verified by presenting its paragraphs to a group of arbitrators, as well as extracting the discrimination coefficient and the correlation coefficient for the items of the scale. Thus, the scale became in its final form consisting of (39) items, this is in relation to the first variable of the study, and then the researchers applied the scale to the basic research sample, which consisted of (140) students from Tikrit schools, and after collecting the information, it was treated statistically using the t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient The researchers reached several results, including:
1- The outstanding students do not suffer from psychological, social, academic or health problems.
2- The gender variable affects the psychological, social and academic problems of adolescents, which indicates the need to conduct more studies to reveal the factors causing these problems.
3- The variables of class and specialization affect the problems of adolescents, and that males suffer more from the problems of adolescents than females.

Abstract:
The present research aims to identify positive-negative programming of self among outstanding school students in Tikrit and to identify the statistically significant differences according to the gender variable (male-female). The research community consists of outstanding school students in Tikrit for the year (2022-2023). The current research sample consists of (300) male and female students who are chosen randomly. The researcher builds a scale Positive-negative programming of the self which is based on the theory of Bandler and Grinder (Baundler & Grnder, 1975). After completing the application of the scale, the researcher used the appropriate statistical methods to extract the psychometric characteristics of the research tool and the results "T-test for one sample and two independent samples, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient". The results show that the students of the outstanding schools have positive programming of self and there are no statistically significant differences according to the gender variable. The researcher also reaches a number of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract
This study aims to identify the level of mental control among distinguished students and to identify the statistically significance differences in the average levels of mental control among distinguished students according to the gender variable (male - female). The researchers used the descriptive approach as a methodology. In order to achieve the aims, the researchers prepared a scale for measuring mental control, which consists of 25 items, each item has five alternatives, which are (always applies to me, applies to me, often applies to me, applies to me rarely, never applies to me). After verifying the validity and the reliability of the psychological characteristics of the scale, the scale was applied to the study sample of 186 male and female students. The participants were randomly chosen to represent the study population 373 from the fourth, the fifth, and the sixth grade scientific branch in the Distinguished Students schools (Al-Ramadi Secondary School for Distinguished Boys and Al-Ramadi Secondary School for Distinguished Girls) in Anbar Governorate for the academic year 2022-2023.
The researchers collected the data and processed it statistically, by using the appropriate statistical means. The results revealed the following:
1- The distinguished students have a high level of mental control.
2- There are no statistically significant differences in the average scores of mental control among distinguished students according to the gender variable (male-female).
In the light of the results, the researchers suggested some recommendations and suggestions.