Kufa Journal of Arts

The research studies the phenomenon of repetition and its relationship to grammatical and semantic functions with examples of the wisdom of Imam al-Baqir (PBUH), to show its beauty, as his wisdom was characterized by the accuracy and brevity of words. Our Prophet Muhammed (PBUH) made wisdom the believer’s treasure. For the advice, sermon, and guidance that you offer him, and Imam al-Baqir (PBUH) is the rich extension of his fathers, as generations of scholars and jurists were raised and educated at his hands, and he built scientific schools of jurisprudence, and the research seeks to show a small part of his aesthetic knowledge richness, and the researcher aspires to achieve this through description And the analysis after presenting the ruling of Imam al-Baqir (PBUH) and studying it from the grammatical and semantic side, to convey the intended meaning. Among the most prominent results is that the repetition comes as a linguistic style and a rhetorical art in explaining the aesthetic features in the traditional texts

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a digital knowledge-based training program in developing e-learning skills among mathematics teachers. To achieve this, the researcher adopted a quasi-experimental approach. The study tools included an E-Learning Skills Checklist, a Cognitive Achievement Test, and a Practical Performance Observation Card for E-Learning Skills. Additionally, a digital knowledge-based training program was designed. The study sample consisted of 30 in-service mathematics teachers enrolled at the Teacher Training Institute in Dhamar Governorate.
The study yielded several key findings:
− Mathematics teachers exhibited very low levels of e-learning skills prior to the intervention.
− Statistically significant differences (\(p < 0.05\)) were found between pre-test and post-test scores in favor of the post-test for both:
• The knowledge achievement test, confirming the program’s effectiveness in developing cognitive e-learning skills.
• The practical performance observation card, confirming its effectiveness in developing applied (performance) e-learning skills.
The study recommended: The study recommends integrating the designed training program into mandatory professional development plans for mathematics teachers to enhance their e-learning competencies.

Mise-en-scène is cinematic technique which means the dominance of the director on what appears in the framework of the video such as illumination, accessories, decoration, make-up, and the movement of the actor in the framework and all that is possible by the written text. And, because poetry is a creative art that follows the process of current issues it borrows the expression means from the modern visual means.One of the modern technicalities that affected modern poetry is Mise-en-scène. One of the significant poets who used it this phenomenon is Yunis Alboosaeedi who enriched his poetry book with Mise-en-scène.
This descriptive analytical study tries to discover the cinematic Mise-en-scène and its factors in the poetry book of the Omani poet"the Mistro of the flower and the light". So the purpose of the study is to explore the importance of cinematic Mise-en-scène in the mentioned book and the poet's control over this technique. The main centers of this study are the factors which are related to the Mise-en-scène such as illumination, colours, decoration, clothes, the movement of the artists in the poetic texts. We concluded that the poet, based on the Mise-en-scène, could create a complete accordance among the poetic shots. He used illumination as a main role player in clearing the visual factors which seemed to be three-dimensional.The poet used colours to facilitate the cut and paste among shots and he also he focused on the decoration shots to arouse the reader's feelings and impression in the poetic scene.

Public relations represents one of the communication activities that seeks to bring about positive change in the attitudes and trends of the public and build the reputation of institutions and a positive mental image of the institutional performance of various institutions. Relying on tools, plans, programs and campaigns that are implemented permanently and continuously and using various means of communication, including websites and social media platforms, and during a crisis. Covid, which was considered an international health crisis, because of its impact on the general health level of various societies, the need emerged for the necessity of adopting public relations activities to build a level of awareness and understanding among the public, and on this basis, a group of scientific research emerged that dealt with public relations activities by researching Providing an accurate scientific description of its roles in confronting the crisis, which formed a cumulative scientific heritage during the years it took through examining several aspects of the variables related to public relations, especially the use of the Internet and social media platforms. From this standpoint, this research came to address a number of published scientific research and related messages. With public relations and its efforts to confront the Corona crisis, several results were achieved, the most important of which were:
1. Public relations played a positive role in spreading awareness of the health guidelines that must be followed by the public to avoid the risk of infection with the Covid (19) virus.
2-ntegrated communication tools contributed to confronting the crisis, including programs, campaigns, websites, and social media platforms, in a way that contributed to building positive interaction with the public.

This study aims to present a critical analytical reading of the thought of Imam Zayd ibn Ali, drawing on the conceptual framework of Michel Foucault’s "archaeology of knowledge" as a tool to uncover the epistemic and political structures that influence his religious discourse. The research is based on the hypothesis that Imam Zayd ibn Ali formulated an advanced critical religious discourse, no less modern than contemporary critical methodologies, through his profound critique of the authoritarian interpretations of the Qur’anic text that upheld political and religious power. The study examines key concepts in Imam Zayd’s thought—such as taḥrīf (distortion), naqḍ (deconstruction), taqwā (piety), and ḍalālah (deviation)—as hermeneutical tools employed to dismantle official epistemic authority and construct a counter-discourse aimed at recovering the original meaning of sacred texts. The study concludes that the archaeological method opens a new horizon for rereading the Islamic tradition from a critical perspective that links knowledge, power, and textual interpretation.

Tourism is an important economic, social, and territorial driver due to its role in creating job opportunities and stimulating the local economy, especially in areas with diverse natural and cultural assets. This study aims to highlight the tourism potentials of the western part of the Eastern Rif, including mountainous and coastal landscapes, historical sites, and a rich local cultural heritage, while analyzing ways to invest these assets to achieve sustainable territorial development.
The research relied on an analytical geographical approach, employing field observations, spatial data analysis, as well as interviews with local stakeholders and some tourism actors. The results showed that the area possesses promising tourism assets; however, it suffers from weak infrastructure, lack of tourism promotion, and limited investments.
The study recommends the necessity of preparing a participatory territorial vision to enhance tourism potentials, which includes improving accessibility, encouraging ecological and cultural tourism, and stimulating local initiatives, with the aim of integrating tourism into the region’s sustainable development strategy.

This research aims to analyze the contemporary legal challenges related to transnational cybercrimes in light of the rules of international criminal law. With the escalation of this phenomenon, it has become necessary to deconstruct traditional concepts of responsibility, jurisdiction, and sovereignty. The study is based on the hypothesis that the classical international legal system fails to accommodate the non-geographical and intangible nature of cybercrimes, necessitating profound conceptual and legislative reforms. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to detail the legal nature of cybercrimes, analyze their elements, and the foundations of liability both individually and internationally. It also highlights technical and procedural challenges in evidence and tracking, and the absence of a comprehensive international agreement despite United Nations and regional initiatives. The study concludes by presenting a comprehensive vision for updating international rules to hold perpetrators of cybercrimes accountable, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation and legislative regulation to prevent impunity and ensure the security ofdigital communities

The phenomenon of learning loss, also known as educational loss, is considered one of the serious problems facing the education sector worldwide, and especially in the Gaza Strip. The ongoing war on Gaza since October 7, 2023, has affected all sectors, with education being one of the most impacted. From the very first day of the war, the onset of hostilities led to the disruption and cessation of learning, causing damage on various levels within the educational community. This has made it necessary to search for immediate solutions to ensure the continuity of education by any means possible. Among these solutions is the shift from traditional education to remote learning, which has involved the use of digital technology to reach learners, despite the lack of preparedness and readiness from both teachers and students.
The research aimed to explore the reality of learning loss during the period of remote learning amidst the war on the Gaza Strip and the methods to address it from the perspective of students at Al-Aqsa University. The researcher used the descriptive method, and the research sample consisted of 40 female students from the Department of Educational Sciences (second level) at the College of Al-Aqsa Community - Al-Aqsa University. The researcher utilized a self-prepared questionnaire comprising two main axes: the first axis focused on the causes of learning loss, and the second axis on the methods of addressing learning loss from the perspective of Al-Aqsa University students.The research yielded several findings, including that the causes of learning loss during remote learning amid the war on the Gaza Strip, as perceived by Al-Aqsa University students, were primarily due to limited internet access among students and the inability of some to provide necessary electronic learning tools, leading to their discontinuation of studies during the war. The most significant methods for addressing learning loss, according to the students, include: developing and improving students' levels, especially in basic knowledge and skills, creating an interactive learning environment by the teacher to enhance students' responsiveness to the learning process, improving educational resources by providing comprehensive digital educational materials and content, and providing psychological support and raising cultural awareness about the importance of education to increase students' confidence in the educational process and its value. The researcher concluded with several recommendations, the most important of which are: the need for the state and donor countries to work on rebuilding and redesigning the telecommunications and internet infrastructure, rebuilding universities and providing them with internet networks and computers to ensure the continuation of the electronic learning process, supplying technological devices to students and lecturers, and providing psychological and social support to both students and lecturers.

This research investigates the efforts of Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad Al-Farahidi in the field of comparative linguistic studies between Classical Arabic and the languages of ancient Yemen. Its aim is to refute the claims of some Orientalists who accused Muslim linguists of being ignorant of Semitic languages. The study is structured into an introduction and two sections, the second of which contains four subsections. It demonstrates that Al-Khalil displayed knowledge of these languages through his linguistic comparisons at four levels: phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic. Furthermore, it argues that his contributions in this area preceded modern Western studies by many centuries and that his dictionary, Kitab al-'Ayn (The Book of Ayn), is a treasure trove of knowledge revealing the beginnings of this science and providing ample evidence thereof. The research concludes by affirming its hypothesis and calling for a re-evaluation of the efforts of early Arab linguists, highlighting their precedence in this field. It asserts that Al-Khalil laid early foundations for understanding the relationships between Semitic languages and for comparative studies, even if these were not developed further by those who came after him.

In this research, we adopted pragmatics as an ideal model to analyze the musical modal shifts in the play Mais El Reem by the Rahbani brothers, where music plays a central role in expressing the progression of events and shifts in situations within the theatrical work. The research aims to understand the impact of musical modes in guiding the emotions of characters and audience engagement through their alignment with the dramatic narrative and adaptation to changing events. The research problem stems from the scarcity of studies that address theater music from a pragmatic perspective, despite its profound role in enhancing emotional engagement and influencing the collective sentiments of the audience. This highlights the need for musical analysis that enhances this dimension.
The study applied an analytical pragmatic approach to examine the musical modes used in Mais El Reem, such as Nahawand, Ajam, and Bayat, focusing on how they adapt to dramatic situations and contextual changes. The findings showed that musical modes are not merely aesthetic components; rather, they play a vital pragmatic role, reflecting the dramatic contexts of the play and deepening the audience's understanding of events and emotions. This contributes to achieving emotional engagement between the performance and the audience. The study also concluded that music serves as a powerful communicative tool, fostering psychological and emotional connections within the theatrical performance.
Based on these findings, the research recommends increasing studies that integrate pragmatic analysis with the arts, given the profound meanings and implications music carries in enhancing emotional engagement and directing the general sentiment of the theater audience. This perspective opens new horizons for pragmatic analysis, encompassing various art forms, specifically music as a means to analyze emotional dimensions and theatrical contexts in Arab theater.

The arbitrary condition relates to the excess technical and economic capacity of one of the parties to the contract, as the relationship between the parties to the contract is not parallel or equivalent due to the disparity in ability in favor of the stronger party, the “professional”, which results in a contractual imbalance between the rights and obligations of the “professional” and the consumer who was found in a position of disadvantage. Artistic equality. The penal condition relates to estimating the compensation owed to the creditor by the debtor, neither an increase nor a decrease. Experts intervene in estimating the compensation that the creditor is entitled to if the debtor breaches his obligations, and if a dispute occurs over the amount of compensation agreed upon. Also, the arbitrary condition and the penal condition lead to a contractual imbalance, which It requires the intervention of the legislator and the judge to restore contractual justice.

The study focuses on the relationship between environmental law and its protection. Biodiversity represents an effective tool for achieving sustainable development goals, both present and future, at various levels, most importantly those related to long-term food security and human health. The protection of biodiversity within the framework of international law is a critical issue that has received international attention due to its economic, developmental, and social dimensions for humans, especially with the tragic rise in extinction rates, which has heralded a global biological crisis. All of this has prompted the international community to sound the alarm and take action to protect this diversity on the ground by holding conferences and concluding international and regional agreements that provide permanent protection for this diversity and rationalize its exploitation. This research reviews proposals and strengthens solutions for environmental compliance. It is based on an analysis based on the texts of relevant international agreements and all Iraqi legislation, supported by recent legal studies.

The health sector constituted a major priority for the monarchy due to the accumulation of medical problems during the Ottoman era and the beginning of the occupation. Therefore, the state paid great attention to it and enacted several laws, established regulations, and issued decisions related to this sector. This legislation contributed greatly to the development and advancement of the health sector, and despite this, it suffered from the presence of many problems. The most important of which are ignorance, poverty, and lack of health facilities. The study examined health-related legislation to determine the extent of the efforts made and the positive and negative effects of thatlegislation.

Political stability is a state sought by all the peoples of the world and their political systems to provide an environment for security, development and prosperity, but there is something that undermines the process of stability and security that everyone aspires to as a strategic goal, for the sake of a stable social, political and economic life that is not disturbed by the use of violence and extremism that leads to terrorism and the shedding of innocent blood. With the presence of hotbeds and incubators that support extremism and prevent a safe and stable life for the citizen to enjoy, he moves from a state of stability to displacement and flight from the oppression of terrorist groups, moving from one place to another out of fear for himself, his family, and his transferred savings.
It is clearly noted that after (April 9, 2003) and the change of the political regime in Iraq, the pace of acts of a terrorist nature and the use of violence against defenseless innocents began to increase widely, and the levels of extremism of its various types began to gradually increase, whether extremism at the level of religion, thought, or politics, from During the rise in hate speech and extremism that threatened the security peace of society and the state of political stability of the ruling regime, armed extremist groups began to appear little by little under various names, committing the most horrific and heinous murders against the Iraqi people and humanity as a whole.
This research was to study this phenomenon and determine the possibility of treating it through specific tools and mechanisms, using the systems analytical approach to explain extremism and what it reflects on the state of political stability, through several topics and a conclusion, and the results that the research led to indicate the humanitarian crises and political instability that the Iraqi people have suffered from. And the shedding of innocent blood due to extremism and the armed actions of terrorist groups

This study dealt with a sample of (50) university students living in the internal departments of the University of Kufa. They were administered the Young Addiction Test (Ibrahim, 2019), through which the researcher aimed to know the level of Internet addiction among the sample members, and to work on developing a counseling program for students who have symptoms of addiction. For the Internet, where 34% of the students had symptoms of excessive Internet use at times, and 6% had Internet addiction. The study also showed some behavioral manifestations that appeared among the sample members, represented by frequent staying up late among the sample members due to Internet use, at a rate of 98% of them. There are also feelings that push students to use the Internet as a safe haven for them to get away from their boring lives, at a rate of 60%, in addition to the inability to regulate time while using the Internet, at a rate of 66%. While the study showed that the sample members’ opinions regarding their use of the Internet did not affect their academic achievement at a rate of 56%, and that their colleagues are not bothered by their use of the Internet at any time, with a very small percentage of 2% being bothered by them, in addition to the lack of interest and complaints on the part of others regarding the level of use. Of the sample’s Internet users, 58% of whom were not followed up while using the Internet, and therefore there is a lack of follow-up and oversight by community institutions on these students. Hence, the study recommended that there is an urgent need to develop guidance programs to get rid of Internet addiction among young

The current study investigates the phenomenon of articulatory timing and its variation between native speakers and foreign language learners. More specifically, the study focuses on the articulatory timing of heavy syllables in four multi-syllabic words produced by 36 Iraqi EFL postgraduate students. The study aims to answer the questions:(1) what are the differences in the AT of the four selected words between the standard native articulation and the articulatory of Iraqi EFL under study (2) What are the factors causing such articulation timing variance? The researcher adopts the Moraic Theory and the PRAAT software to analyze the data. The analysis has revealed that Iraqi EFL postgraduate students, as non-native speakers of English, produce (super-heavy syllables) with variant AT compared to the standard AT produced by the English native speaker. Additionally, it is concluded that the pronunciation of Iraqi EFL under study is mainly affected by the factor of vowel modification. This factor was registered with high percentages in the items (herbicide, entertain, proverbial and amazing). The students often modify the vowel sounds more than they do with the consonant sounds. Furthermore, the AT variance is less when the token is familiar, while the AT is more variant when the token is unfamiliar to the students.

Acquiring a language necessitates not only exposure to isolated lexical items and grammar rules but also rules of language use in different contexts. Such input is profusely available in mother tongue acquisition. However, in foreign language learning contexts, students are often bombarded with grammar rules but receive little to no exposure to pragmatics. Therefore, when they happen to communicate with native speakers, they often experience communication breakdowns. To compensate for this apparent deficiency, teaching and developing EFL students’ pragmatic competence is desirable. Using a semi-structured interview, the current paper explores Moroccan EFL teachers’ perspectives on the place of pragmatics in Moroccan EFL textbooks and sheds light on EFL learners’ pragmatic failure. It also explores teachers’ views on the impact of instruction on EFL learners’ pragmatic competence. Moreover, this paper examines the challenges that teachers face in teaching pragmatics. The findings revealed that Moroccan EFL teachers are not satisfied with the pragmatic content in textbooks and advocate for explicit instruction to address students’ pragmatic failure. Additionally, teachers reported that they face several challenges in teaching pragmatics. Finally, the paper offers recommendations for developing students' pragmatic competence

This study examines the combination of environmental linguistics and English language teaching, noting the importance of environmental topics in enhancing language skills through contextual learning. The present study employed a mixed-methods approach. The study aimed to designing contextual learning plan, which focuses on real-world connections and relevance, can easily be used to engage eco-linguistic matters into high school English teachers’ lesson plans. Also finding out the effect of using environmental themes to enhance English language skills for high school students through contextual learning and assessing students’ experiences of incorporating eco-linguistic content into their English classes and enhancing their ecological realization. Finally, exploring students’ motivation through eco-linguistic content. A total of 150 fourth intermediate female students from three high schools located in Baghdad/Al-Karkh (1st): AlYarmuk, AlNidhal, and AlMamoon High Schools for female students were chosen to be the sample of the study. Each school with 50 students was divided equally on two groups to be the experimental group, who taught according to the environmental themes approach and the control group who taught according to the conventional approach. Data collected from high school students in Iraq by designing lesson plan rich with environmental themes, constructing pre-test and a post-test, conducting focus group discussion and motivation questionnaire. The results of this study indicate a significant improvement in language skills and increased environmental realization among participants. The study recommends that curriculum developer to incorporate more eco-linguistic content into English language curricula and recommends teacher training on integrating environmental themes effectively.

It seems less attention is paid to literary writers from Malawi. However, this study engages selected poems from the country. The purpose of this study is to sensitize readers with human conditions in that part of the world as reflected in the selected poems of Jack Mapanje, Edison Mpina and David Rubadiri. The poets are purposively selected because of their inclination towards social advancement. Content analysis is employed as methodology and sociological literary perspective serves as the conceptual framework. Findings reveal that the selected poems are sociopolitical satires of the post-colonial period in Malawi. The poets advocate for good governance.

Cet article examine la structure narrative du troisième conte Hérodias dans Trois contes de Gustave Flaubert de manière critique. L'analyse repose sur les principes fondamentaux de la narratologie pour analyser les diverses techniques et structures narratives employées par Flaubert dans la construction de son récitréaliste. L'analyse se dérouleenneuf phases, de l'incipit à la fréquence narrative, ensoulignant les décisions narratives de l'écrivain et leur influence sur l'expérience de lecture. L'étudetraiteaussi de la sélection du narrateur et de safonction narrative, mettanten lumière une vision omnisciente qui permetunecompréhensionapprofondie de l'histoire. L'analyse critique, enanalysantceséléments, met enévidence la maîtrise narrative de Flaubert et examine les spécificités du roman réaliste dans ce conte particulier