The White Dome Journal

All through history, authors have found motivation into natural world, continuing tradition that dates back centuries. This link is especially evident in English writing, where literary traditions like Romanticism highlight nature›s majesty and strength. However, as ecological problems have grown more relevant, ecocritics began to examine literature›s treatment of natural world in fresh angle. This strategy investigates ways in which literature might support environmental preservation & sustainability by exploring how these works may reflect & alter our views about the environment.
From its earliest representations in pastoral writing to its most modern expressions in ecocritical concept, this chapter examines development of link among nature & English literature. To learn about the diverse ways writers through history dealt in the natural world, we are going to analyse works from the Romanticism & Victorian periods, as well as the modernist era. We shall also discuss how development of ecocriticism has affected literary studies. This chapter›s overarching goal is to show how nature has always played an important role in English literature & how it might motivate us to improve our connection with the natural world.

Terrorism has become one of the most dangerous challenges facing human societies in the modern era, due to the severe damage it causes, its blatant violations of human rights, the destruction of property, the assault on individual dignity and the sanctities of nations, in addition to threatening and taking the lives of innocent people.
International treaties have refrained from providing a precise and specific definition of terrorist acts, merely listing certain types of crimes and classifying them as terrorist. However, this approach contradicts the principle of “legality of criminalization and punishment” in criminal law, and allows many crimes to escape the label of terrorism simply because they are not listed in international conventions—especially with the emergence of new forms of terrorist crimes due to rapid developments.
In this research, we aim to clarify the concept of terrorism from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, international law, and domestic law. We also highlight the distinctions between terrorism and other forms of legitimate and lawful violence, such as legitimate resistance, armed struggle, and acts of maritime piracy.

This research explores the environmental legacy of Islam, highlighting the historical and contemporary contributions of Muslims in protecting the environment. The research aims to shed light on the environmental principles and values in Islam and their practical applications in various fields.

Stubbornness and rebellion are normal childhood phenomena, familiar in the early stages of childhood, and are among its basic requirements. They are a means of asserting and building oneself, attracting the attention of others and influencing them, whether they are family or others. However, if this phenomenon continues in a strong and negative manner, it becomes pathological, harming the child›s relationship with others, and thus his social adaptation deteriorates. In this case, the issue calls for psychological treatment that searches for the fundamental causes of this stubbornness. This problem is almost one of the most important problems facing parents and teachers on a daily basis. There is a stage called by the German scientist (Crohn) the stage of stubbornness or the age of resistance, which is the first stage of stubbornness and extends from birth to the third or fourth year. Kindergarten children show some skills of adaptation and adjustment with themselves, their environment and others, as they interact with the people and things around them, and they have a sense of confidence, spontaneity, initiative and social compatibility. The current research is limited to applied kindergarten children in the kindergarten department, of both genders (males/females) for the two stages) kindergarten, preparatory and for the age (6-4) years for the academic year (2024-2025).

Islamic jurisprudence is one of the main pillars of legislative life in Islamic societies, but it has become an urgent need for a systematic review and a modern formulation based on its origins rooted in legal evidence, while at the same time taking into account the language of the age and its rapid transformations, including the issues and developments that have occurred in the lives of Muslims in various fields.
This renewal cannot achieve its desired goals without an institutionalised scientific effort undertaken by the jurisprudential councils spread across the Islamic world, given their scientific and collective capabilities and the credibility they enjoy in scientific and legal circles, which qualifies them to play this pivotal role in developing the jurisprudential discourse and renewing its jurisprudence.
One of the pressing topics that require a contemporary jurisprudential statement: The offence of Hiraba, so our research is titled: «It is one of the crimes that pose a serious threat to the security of society and needs a new jurisprudential reading that takes into account the changing forms and boundaries of crimes, the modern legal and social context, and balances the objectives of Sharia in protecting the soul, money and honour with contemporary human rights standards.

Introduction: This research reveals the importance of the genealogical works of the prophets and the Talibids as a scholarly product with cognitive and historical dimensions, clearly evident in the Arabian Peninsula and the Islamic East from the second century AH until 656 AH. These works were not merely genealogical records; rather, they reflected intellectual and social contexts and contributed to shaping the collective consciousness of their time. Their methods and sources varied, and a number of scholars emerged from them who played a prominent role in preserving this heritage. The research emphasizes the importance of rereading these works with a critical, scholarly approach that reveals their profound content and multiple connotations.

This research aims to shed light on the phenomenon of repetition, as an internal audio phenomenon that is extremely important in understanding the text, and trying to find out the internal disturbances and emotions that are afflicting it. The strength of this phenomenon is empowered by the fact that it is considered a key to the text and gives it an element of formal and semantic cohesion, without which communication would not have been possible. Between the patterns of the internal text up to the length of the text, and thus it is considered an introduction to the main issue controlling the text, as it reveals its essence and the contents that it aspires to through this phenomenon.

This research entitled: «»The legal characteristics in applying jurisprudential rules to financial transactions» is one of the important researches that talked about financial transactions and explained the characteristics of the Sharia ruling in them, where the researcher talked about the meaning of money in language and terminology, and explained the meaning of financial transactions in its general form, and then he addressed mentioning the characteristics of this ruling and explaining the special Sharia rules in these transactions, and explaining the methods of deduction in them, relying on the most important contemporary sources and references in this regard, and may God’s prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and his family and companions.

«Know, my brother, that the morals and temperaments of people differ in four ways: the first is due to the compositions of their bodies and the temperaments of those compositions; the second is related to the soil of their lands and the differences in their origins; the third arises from their upbringing in the religions of their ancestors, teachers, mentors, and those who raise and discipline them; and the fourth is from the determinations of the stars in the principles of their births and the places where their seminal fluids descend, which is the primary origin from which the rest branch out...»
Inequality is one of the most significant social phenomena. Thus, inequality can be divided into several categories. Some of it is natural; a person is born into belonging to a certain class or doctrine, or with a capability that distinguishes him from his peers of the same kind. Among other types of inequality is the acquired kind, such as economic disparity. Throughout history, individuals in the East and West have tried to reduce the differences among them, to erase or at least limit inequality by various stages where they sought to rebuild society. Most of these attempts, however, failed. On the contrary, the dimensions of distance between people widened and opened new domains that laid down deeper paths for inequality, distancing some from their own kind so that they no longer viewed each other as a single creation who ought to be united but instead erected large barriers that prevented them from being close. In every era, people lived by the heritage of the previous era, justifying their actions in creating inequality. As God Almighty said concerning them: «They said, ‹Enough for us is what we found our fathers doing.› Even though their forefathers knew nothing and were not guided.»
«Then know that the wise vary greatly in the grades of their knowledge of these matters, which are learned by the foremost minds, with a very wide disparity. The proof of this is what we have said: you find that every person who contemplates more deeply on tangible things and gives better consideration to imaginations, the things known by the foremost minds exist within him in greater number and with stronger realization than in others, such as elders and experienced ones in tangible matters...»

This study explores the pragmatic orientation of implicatures in the Qur’anic text through the lens of Paul Grice’s theory of conversational implicature. It examines how violating the maxims of the Cooperative Principle generates implied meanings and highlights Qur’anic examples involving such violations, especially in terms of quantity and quality. The research emphasizes that these rhetorical devices are not falsehoods but deliberate communicative strategies requiring contextual interpretation beyond surface meaning.

Addiction is a socially and medically constructed phenomenon that continues to raise interdisciplinary interest, particularly in how it is communicated and conceptualized through language. This study investigates the cognitive semantic underpinnings of addiction discourse by analyzing a psychiatric interview from the MedCircle series titled “Opiate Addiction: The Signs” (2022), featuring Dr. Domenick Sportelli. Adopting Leonard Talmy’s (2000, 2023) cognitive semantics framework—specifically the category of Content Structuring Mechanisms, with a focus on Configurational Structure—this research examines how linguistic forms, especially closed-class elements (e.g., prepositions, conjunctions, modal auxiliaries), structure the conceptualization of addiction in clinical dialogue.
Through a clause-level analysis of 50 syntactically minimal but semantically rich statements made by Dr. Sportelli, this study identifies key semantic strategies by which addiction is presented as a multifactorial, temporal, and graded phenomenon. These strategies include spatial framing (e.g., «under the biology heading»), conditional and causal linking (e.g., «if addiction is in the family»), and scalar constructions that highlight degrees of risk and vulnerability (e.g., “increase likelihood,” “significantly raise risk”). The analysis reveals how closed-class morphemes not only scaffold the surface grammar but also encode deeper conceptual structures that integrate genetics, environment, behavior, and social context into a unified clinical narrative.
The findings demonstrate that clinical discourse on addiction, when analyzed through Talmy’s cognitive semantics, is far from neutral or merely descriptive; rather, it performs epistemic and ideological work by organizing knowledge in ways that shape both medical understanding and public perception. The study argues that Talmy’s framework offers a powerful tool for unpacking the often-invisible semantic architecture of psychiatric language and provides new insights into how medical professionals cognitively frame complex human conditions like addiction. This research contributes to the growing field of cognitive approaches to discourse analysis, and it underscores the value of semantic typologies in examining real-world, high-stakes communication.

Pragmatics has marked a significant turning point in the history of linguistic studies, evolving from philosophical reflections into a comprehensive linguistic theory concerned with the functional use of language, its relation to context, and the role of both speaker and hearer in constructing meaning. This theory was developed by philosophers of language and gained considerable presence in Western linguistic studies before it reached the Arab academic scene, where it encountered various challenges—particularly in translating its key terms and adapting its concepts to the Arabic linguistic and cultural environment.
This chapter addresses the emergence and evolution of pragmatics, highlighting the major Arabic terms proposed for translating the word pragmatics. It examines the rationale behind each term and the critiques surrounding them, in order to assess how accurately they reflect the original concept and how closely Arab scholars adhere to systematic and scientific terminological practices.
Keywords:Pragmatics , Emergence, Translations of the Term Pragmatics

This research examines and analyzes the contributions of the Syrian exegete Hanan Al-Lahham to the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an. It explores her scholarly background, interpretive and intellectual works, and reveals the main features of her exegetical methodology, sources, and critical tools. The study aims to evaluate her contributions by highlighting their strengths and pointing out key methodological observations, while shedding light on their impact in enriching modern women’s Qur’anic studies. The research concludes with findings and recommendations that can contribute to emphasizing the vital role of Muslim women in serving Qur’anic interpretation and sciences in the contemporary era.

Educational and social theories contribute to explaining the importance of improving the school environment and its impact on children›s learning and their psychological and social well-being. They are a set of concepts that examine educational issues, problems, and challenges, seeking educational conditions for development and modernization. The theory is an imaginary image of educational reality and can constitute a comprehensive frame of reference for the process of social change and educational practice in its best and most refined forms.

“Psychological and mental development represents one of the fundamental components that contribute to shaping a person’s character and developing their cognitive and emotional abilities. In this section, we will discuss how human beings develop in terms of cognitive and emotional capacities across different stages of life. Psychological and mental development depends on various biological, social, and cultural factors that influence a person’s thinking patterns, understanding of the world around them, and ability to cope with emotional challenges. Through this section, we will review the development of thought and emotions throughout life stages and how these stages affect human behavior and relationships.”

This research analyzes the grammatical opinions of Al-Farrā’ as cited by Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī in Fatḥ al-Bārī. It explores five significant Qur’anic instances: coordination in “wa-qīlihi yā Rabb”, the use of wa or fa in “wa-lā yakhāfu ʿuqbāhā”, the negation in “li-allā yaʿlama ahl al-kitāb”, the expression “waykaʾanna”, and the definition of particles (ḥurūf). The study shows Al-Farrā’s methodical syntactic analysis that embraces multiple readings based on linguistic context and semantic coherence. He emphasizes grammatical justification grounded in classical Arabic usage and supports interpretive plurality without rejecting valid alternatives. The research highlights the Kufan school’s influence, particularly Al-Farrā’s role in merging grammar with Qur’anic exegesis. Ibn Ḥajar’s reliance on Al-Farrā’s insights further affirms their foundational value in classical Arabic linguistics and interpretation.

This section highlights core Islamic values like generosity, honesty, justice, and loyalty, showing how Islamic thought refines tribal customs to align with Sharia. Islam does not reject traditions but calls for their ethical adjustment.

This study examines the sensory imagery in the poetry of Adi ibn Rabi’a al-Taghlibi, known as Al-Muhalhal, a prominent pre-Islamic poet renowned for his emotionally charged poetry centered on grief, heroism, and vengeance. The research aims to explore the nature, mechanisms, and types of sensory imagery (simile, metaphor, metonymy, composite imagery, and symbolism) in his work, analyzing their aesthetic and semantic functions. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study highlights how the five senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste) are utilized to embody loss and tribal conflict, with a focus on their manifestations in Al-Muhalhal’s elegies and vengeful poetry. The findings demonstrate that sensory imagery transcends mere rhetorical ornamentation, serving as an artistic structure that recreates reality, documents Taghlibi identity, and intensifies emotional resonance. The study contributes to the critical discourse on pre-Islamic poetry, offering a contemporary perspective on the aesthetics of sensory expression.

This study examines the sensory imagery in the poetry of Adi ibn Rabi’a al-Taghlibi, known as Al-Muhalhal, a prominent pre-Islamic poet renowned for his emotionally charged poetry centered on grief, heroism, and vengeance. The research aims to explore the nature, mechanisms, and types of sensory imagery (simile, metaphor, metonymy, composite imagery, and symbolism) in his work, analyzing their aesthetic and semantic functions. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study highlights how the five senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste) are utilized to embody loss and tribal conflict, with a focus on their manifestations in Al-Muhalhal’s elegies and vengeful poetry. The findings demonstrate that sensory imagery transcends mere rhetorical ornamentation, serving as an artistic structure that recreates reality, documents Taghlibi identity, and intensifies emotional resonance. The study contributes to the critical discourse on pre-Islamic poetry, offering a contemporary perspective on the aesthetics of sensory expression.

This research is titled «The Impact of Wars on International Treaties.» International treaties are the primary source of international law and are of great importance in various fields, including international relations in times of peace and war. These treaties vary and diversify according to the areas they cover, as they cover various fields such as economics, politics, trade, society, and others. Treaties vary in type, including bilateral treaties and multilateral treaties. Some treaties do not require ratification, while others do. These treaties impose rights and obligations on their parties, and the parties must implement these obligations in good faith. However, things do not proceed at a uniform pace. The circumstances and conditions for which the treaty was concluded may change for one of the parties. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which was that the failure to enforce international treaties leads to wars spiraling out of control and not being subject to the provisions of international law, which will lead to more of the scourge of war and deepen the negative effects on society and international relations.

Research title: (The jurisprudential and fundamentalist graduation of the issue of zakat for minors - boys and insane people -)
Money, wherever it is found and its conditions are met, zakat is required for it, and it is obligatory to extract from it the right imposed for the needy, and the principle is that there is no difference in that between the money whose ownership is returned to a responsible man and what is returned to the ownership of a minor boy or girl.
The jurists differed in the obligation of zakat on the money of a minor boy and an insane person because they are not responsible, so some of them said that zakat is obligatory on money, so it is a financial act of worship that is obligatory when its conditions are met, such as owning the minimum amount and the passage of a year, and they said that the guardian must pay it from their money just as he pays from their money the fine for damaged items, the expenses of relatives, and other rights directed to them, so if the guardian does not pay zakat, then the boy and the insane person must pay zakat for what has passed after reaching puberty and recovering; Because the right was directed to their money, but the guardian disobeyed by delaying, so what was directed to them is not dropped. Some of them went to the view that zakat is not obligatory on his money, just as other acts of worship are not obligatory on him; such as prayer and fasting, except that he obligated him to pay zakat on crops and zakat al-fitr. I divided the subject into two sections. In the first section, I defined the research vocabulary, and in the second section, I explained the jurisprudential and fundamentalist interpretation of the issue. Then the conclusion, in which I included the most important results of the researc.

This study, titled «Ethics and Politics in Spinoza›s Philosophy,» aims to clarify the nature of the relationship between ethics and politics, from Spinoza›s own philosophical perspective.
Spinoza is one of the most prominent philosophers of the seventeenth century, and in his philosophical project, he combined ethics and politics in a way that gave his thought a distinct position among the most prominent ethical philosophical movements.
This study addresses the issue of the relationship between ethics and politics for Spinoza through several main sections:
The first section addresses Spinoza›s life and thought and the intellectual environment that contributed to shaping his orientations, in addition to the philosophers who had a clear influence on the crystallization of his philosophical thought.
The second section, titled «Ethics and Politics,» provides a simplified introduction to ethics. The third section outlines the features of his political philosophy, which are evident in his vision of the social contract and the optimal political system. Spinoza believed that the ideal social order is one based on freedom and justice, rejecting tyranny, and granting individual freedom a fundamental value in society. The existence of the state is meant to liberate individuals from fear so they can live in peace, guaranteeing them freedom and security.

This research deals with the satanic entrances through which Satan may infiltrate humans and how to prevent and treat them, based on what is mentioned in the Holy Quran. It will refer to the Quranic verses that touched on this subject, with their interpretation through some approved interpretations. It will also benefit from the honorable hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, to clarify ways of protection from these entrances and enhance a deep understanding of how to get rid of them, and also to show how he influences humans and extends his traps over them. In any case, these entrances and traps were not a reason to deprive humans of their will and freedom, but following the commanding self prepares the ground for Satan’s control and influence and gradually traps humans in Satan’s plots, and forces them to misguidance and decadence. God Almighty said, addressing Satan: “Indeed, My servants - you have no authority over them, except those who follow you of your followers.” «The deviators» (Surat al-Hijr, verse 42).
There is no way to escape temptation, deviation, and misguidance except by turning to God and submitting to Him in the arena of His Lordship. The Almighty says: «Indeed, he has no authority over those who believe and rely upon their Lord.» (Surat al-Nahl, verse 100).
From here, we have addressed the methods of treating Satan›s entrances and the importance of distancing ourselves from him. Through some important interpretations, we extract the deepest meanings and hidden knowledge from the verses of the Holy Quran.

Dust storms are among the most
significant weather phenomena characterizing the climate of Iraq, due to its location within the Mediterranean climate zone. However, the study area—part of Baghdad Governorate—features a desert climate, with low rainfall in winter and hot, dry conditions in summer. These dust storms are seasonal events that recur annually, with increased activity during the spring. This is primarily due to shifts in atmospheric pressure centers.The study focuses on examining dust storms and their effects on asthma, as well as the relationship between the two in the city of Kadhimiya. The research relies on climatic data and is structured as follows:Chapter One includes the theoretical framework.
Chapter Two is divided into two sections:The first section defines asthma, outlines its symptoms, and focuses on the concept of dust phenomena, identifying their types and analyzing their monthly and annual frequency. The second section explores the relationship between dust phenomena and asthma, using statistical analysis. Statistical tools such as Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression are applied to determine the type, degree, and strength of the relationship between dust storms and the frequency of asthma cases. ???? Dust Phenomena Keywords, ???? Types of Dust Phenomena???? Asthma and Related Terms???? Causes of Asthma ???? Relation Between Dust and Asthma.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Memory Wheel Strategy in improving the academic achievement of fourth-year preparatory female students in the subject of Qur’an and Islamic Education. The importance of this study stems from the noticeable decline in academic performance in religious subjects and the urgent need to adopt modern teaching strategies that enhance comprehension, facilitate understanding, and address the challenges facing the educational process.The researcher adopted the experimental method, selecting a sample of students and dividing them into two groups: an experimental group taught using the Memory Wheel Strategy, and a control group taught using traditional methods. An achievement test was prepared to measure the students’ understanding and academic performance in the studied topics.The statistical analysis revealed a significant superiority of the experimental group over the control group, indicating the effectiveness of the Memory Wheel Strategy in enhancing academic achievement, improving memorization, increasing focus, and encouraging active student participation.

Studying the views of Orientalists on the revelation of the Qur’anic verses is an interesting topic in the field of Islamic studies. Orientalists are Western researchers who have sought to study Islam from various angles, whether in terms of sacred texts, history, or culture. The Holy Qur’an, as the primary text in Islam, has been and continues to be the focus of these studies. However, the orientations and approaches of Orientalists in studying the revelation of the Holy Qur’an have varied according to their intellectual and methodological backgrounds. The subject deals with the attempts of Orientalists to understand and interpret how the Qur’an was revealed, whether in terms of historical circumstances, the sequence of verses and surahs, or the impact of social and political events on this revelation. It also sheds light on the linguistic and critical analyses adopted by some of them, and their desire to search for external sources and influences on the Qur’anic text. Although these studies have greatly influenced Western academia, they have often been rejected and criticized by Islamic scholars, who believe that many of the views of Orientalists are based on a misunderstanding or inaccurate interpretation of traditional Qur’anic sciences.

The research aims to study the Arabized and foreign words from foreign languages (Persian, Syriac, Ethiopian...) to the Arabic language in the sermons of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, in the book Nahj al-Balagha, a (rhetorical-pragmatic) study, which are common topics between literature and linguistics, in which we study Vocabulary and its rhetorical and linguistic influence on the linguistic system and its semantic, historical, cultural and psychological roles.
The research presents these foreign vocabulary and presents their rhetorical and cultural influence on the language over time. As a result of contact with other cultures, the foreign vocabulary adapted to the Arabic linguistic system, and this type of linguistic development enriched Islamic sermons. The master of rhetoricians, peace be upon him, invested his Qur’anic culture and eloquence in including many From foreign words for his sermons, especially those mentioned in the Holy Quran; To provide a comprehensive, integrated message that enhances the flexibility of the Arabic language and give it another dimension by adding it to his sermons, he (peace be upon him) intended to give it a phonetic, semantic, and psychological depth affecting the recipient to make him feel the temporal and cultural extension that the Holy Qur’an and the Arabic language has.