Gulf Economist

The study examined the development of real estate financing activity in Egypt during the period 2013–2023 by analyzing the performance of companies and sector indicators. The results showed that the rise in interest rates (13.22% in 2023) and monthly installments reaching 38,000 EGP compared to an average income of 5,500 EGP limited borrowing capacity. Despite this, the financing volume grew from 487 million EGP in 2013 to 10.4 billion EGP in 2023, supported by government initiatives such as real estate financing at a 3% interest rate.
The sector faced challenges, including low purchasing power and high installment-to-income ratios, in addition to administrative and legal obstacles. The study recommended reducing interest rates to 5–7%, extending repayment periods to 30 years, and encouraging banks and investment funds to participate in the sector, along with simplifying procedures and updating laws to enhance confidence and increase uptake of real estate financing.

Forecasting is one of the scientific and modern developed methods used in planning and decision-making processes. In this study, a new unconventional method was used to forecast oil in Iraq using the artificial neural network method and hybridizing it with the chaotic genetic algorithm to forecast Iraqi oil production and prices. using more than one method in forecasting leads to increasing the accuracy of future estimates, as two models were combined: the artificial neural network and the chaotic genetic algorithm (CGANN). The study concluded that the hybrid model (CGANN) leads to a significant improvement in the accuracy of the model, overcoming the weaknesses between the two models, combining the strengths of both, and providing a more accurate forecast of Iraqi oil until the year 2035.

The current study aimed, within its theoretical and field framework, to test the relationship and impact of maritime human engineering with its dimensions (professional work environment, risk control and prevention, education and training, occupational health and safety management) on organizational development with its dimensions (evaluation, organizational, organizational intervention, organizational sustainability). In order to achieve the study objectives, the researcher built a hypothetical model to interpret the nature of the relationship between the independent variable (maritime human engineering) and the dependent variable (organizational development). The survey method was adopted, targeting the community and sample of the study in the Iraqi maritime sector, including senior and middle management in maritime sectors, with an actual sample size of (205). Data was collected using a questionnaire tool, and statistical analysis software (AMOS, V.24) and (SPSS, V.26) were used. The results showed a relationship and impact of the independent variable maritime human engineering on the dependent variable organizational development. The study presented a number of recommendations, the most important of which was the establishment of a department or section for human engineering in all companies operating in the Iraqi maritime sector and sending their employees to external courses to master this important specialization that is not currently activated in the maritime field.

The current study aimed, within its theoretical and field framework, to test the relationship and impact of maritime human engineering with its dimensions (professional work environment, risk control and prevention, education and training, occupational health and safety management) on organizational development with its dimensions (evaluation, organizational, organizational intervention, organizational sustainability). In order to achieve the study objectives, the researcher built a hypothetical model to interpret the nature of the relationship between the independent variable (maritime human engineering) and the dependent variable (organizational development). The survey method was adopted, targeting the community and sample of the study in the Iraqi maritime sector, including senior and middle management in maritime sectors, with an actual sample size of (205). Data was collected using a questionnaire tool, and statistical analysis software (AMOS, V.24) and (SPSS, V.26) were used. The results showed a relationship and impact of the independent variable maritime human engineering on the dependent variable organizational development. The study presented a number of recommendations, the most important of which was the establishment of a department or section for human engineering in all companies operating in the Iraqi maritime sector and sending their employees to external courses to master this important specialization that is not currently activated in the maritime field.

This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of risk management in achieving total quality. Its scientific importance originates from two perspectives. First, risk management and total quality management constitute two basic pillars organizations rely on to achieve their goals and enhance their position in a highly competitive market. The second perspective comes from the importance of the community in which the study was conducted (Basra Oil Company) and its economic importance at local and global levels. The study began with a series of surveys and interviews conducted by the researcher with several officials in the community in which the study was conducted to develop a vision to explain the problem in preparation for the study in its theoretical and practical aspects. This paper is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, the scientific methodology for the research is prepared, and some studies are reviewed, including theses, dissertations, and scientific research. It was conducted in the fields of quality and risk management, which benefitted greatly from a theoretical perspective. This was the share of the second chapter, which dealt with the most important concepts, principles, and scientific foundations that could contribute to enabling organizations to manage all risks that stand in the way of achieving their goals and achieving comprehensive quality. As for the practical aspect, it was the share of the third chapter, where the validity and consistency of the data were verified, and descriptive analyses were conducted, ending with testing the hypotheses. Several software programs prepared for this purpose were used, including SPSS V.26, JASP V.19, AMOS V.24, and Excel. Two main hypotheses were developed, each of which was divided into four sub-hypotheses. An exploratory approach is used in this study. Considering this approach, a sample was intentionally taken from the population to investigate the relationships between the variables. The results of the analyses revealed significant correlations between the variables under study, confirming the initial assumptions made in the hypotheses. Finally, employees working in bodies and departments obtained ISO certificates by distributing 400 questionnaires. The number of returned forms was 346, of which 12 were invalid forms and 334 were valid forms for which data were processed. The fourth chapter is the fruit-picking stage of this study, as its purpose was achieved, which is to prove the effective role played by risk management in achieving comprehensive quality, in addition to presenting some conclusions that resulted from the theoretical side and several proposals, which the researcher believes contribute to achieving institutional goals and adding cognitive value to existing knowledge

The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial stability of the commercial banks and to examine the financial stability in the study sample banks using the Altman model. Additionally, it aims to evaluate these banks\', their management\'s, and stakeholders\' capacity in facing financial shocks. The financial stability of the banks in the study sample has predicted by using the Altman model, and adopting the model\'s financial ratios as a means of measuring financial stability. In order to do this, the study embraced the following hypothesis: (Banks’ financial stability by using Altman model influences the total stability).
Throughout the study\'s 2013–2022 period, five banks have been the focus. Appropriate financial instruments and techniques have been employed, such as the financial analysis software (EXCEL10) program.
The study has come to a number of results, the most notable of which being that the Altman model is appropriate for assessing an institution\'s financial situation and that using the model gives unambiguous proof of the soundness and financial standing of the banks. The study also has made a number of recommendations, such as the need to work toward enhancing management knowledge and abilities, enhancing administrative performance in the study sample banks, especially in the area of financial investment, taking advantage of investment opportunities, and making use of deposited funds, all of which are indicators of the health of the bank\'s finances and the achievement of profits for it and its stakeholders.

The research aimed to explore the interactive role of strategic leadership within its sub-dimensions, which include focusing on employees, process efficiency, in the context of the relationship between strategic orientation and social responsibility. The General Company for DhiQar Oil was chosen as an applied model for the research, where data were collected from a sample of 211 respondents from the company\'s senior leadership, using a questionnaire form prepared specifically for this purpose. The study relied on a set of statistical methods to reach the results, in addition to structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses of influence. Through statistical programs (SPSS, var27; Amose, V.27, Excel, 2010). The researchers concluded that there is a moderating role for strategic leadership in the relationship between the strategic orientation of organizations and social responsibility. The researchers recommended the necessity of giving importance to the role of strategic leadership in determining the strategic orientations of organizations, with the aim of achieving their goals related to survival and growth and facing challenges in the long term by enhancing their social responsibility.

with state-owned enterprises exhibiting notably weaker performance (average environmental score: 1.89/5) compared to foreign counterparts (2.68/5), attributed to regulatory voids and technical constraints. Environmental disclosure mediates 28.7% of carbon accounting’s impact, highlighting transparency as a catalyst for sustainability outcomes. Structural challenges—including absent binding legislation (cited in 73.3% of interviews), funding shortages (80%), and skilled workforce deficits (60%)—hinder sector-wide progress. The study concludes that achieving Iraq’s low-carbon transition necessitates a tripartite strategy: mandatory carbon disclosure frameworks, targeted investments in green technologies, and international capacity-building partnerships. These insights offer policymakers and industry stakeholders actionable pathways to align economic objectives with global climate commitments while addressing institutional disparities.

The research aims to examine the impact of ethical leadership on reducing organizational conflict within the colleges of the University of Basrah. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach and used a questionnaire to collect data from 114 department heads across 22 colleges. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 27) and SmartPLS 4.0. The results revealed a statistically significant effect of ethical leadership practices in reducing organizational conflict and improving the university work environment. The researcher recommended implementing continuous training programs and workshops for department heads, along with adopting strategies and policies that promote transparency and fairness among the academic staff.

This research aims to explore the effectiveness of Linear Regression in predicting the stock price of Toyota Motor Corporation. It compares its performance with more complex models, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Random Forest. The study utilizes historical stock price data from 1980 to 2024, sourced from Yahoo Finance, and employs rigorous data preprocessing and feature engineering techniques, such as moving averages, volatility measures, and lagged features. The sample community consists of over 11,000 data points representing Toyota\'s stock price history. By analyzing the stability of Toyota\'s historical performance and leveraging both statistical and machine learning models, the study provides insights into the relationship between simplicity and predictive accuracy in financial forecasting. The results reveal that Linear Regression outperformed LSTM and Random Forest, achieving an R-squared value of 0.9990, making it a highly effective tool for predicting stock prices in stable market environments. Based on these findings, the study recommends that investors and analysts consider simpler models like Linear Regression for forecasting stock prices in contexts characterized by stable historical trends while exploring hybrid approaches for more volatile markets.