Journal of Almaarif University College

The research deals with the study of the phenomenon of hadiths consisting of words and their
significance in the hadiths of the messenger. May God bless him and him peace. This is due to what the
hadith contains of linguistic value and enrichment of language and religion. And its direct relationship
to semantic on the other hand. As these selected hadiths include a wide range of repercussions, it is
better to think about them and take note of them. Which we will discuss in this research. The been
employed in writing this research by standing on this phenomenon in the sayings of the messenger,
may God bless him and grant him peace. We benefited from the concepts presented by the dictionaries,
which illuminated the linguistic side in it, as well as the semantic one, the research concludes that the
messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, used his noble hadiths, which seemed clear and
consisted of two it results from the congruence or similarity between the components of the linguistic
elements represented by sounds, vocabulary of or structures.

This research deals with the study of the case of the grammatical sentence in selected models from the
book of the Prophet’s biography, and it was divided into two sections. It contains the sentence in the
hadiths contained in the book, and Ibn Hisham worked to direct the syntax and support it with what
was mentioned about the Arabs of analogies and examples in other grammar books .

This research aims to verify and study a treatise on (The Metathesis Decision in Morphology) by
Shihabul-Deen Al-Khafaji (died 1069 AH), which is a treatise that examines the Metathesis, which is
one of the issues of morphology over which scholars have disagreed, and this phenomenon, is one of
the linguistic phenomena, which has gained great favor among scholars, and who have talked
extensively about it in the past and in the present, shows the close relationship between the metathesis
and the morphological section, by presenting the letters one over the other, the inflectional and
morphological of the word changes. When Al-Shihab was asked about one of the issues of this term, he
wrote this brief treatise, in which he explained the matters of which he was known, and mentioned its
forms, in addition to mentioning the issues on which the scholars differed. This treatise was
distinguished by its clarity, arrangement, division, and sayings narration, and was free of misprints and
distortions except for what rarely, I saw in this manuscript, scientific material in which the author
included the doctrines of the great scholars, reconciled them and made some of them preferable, so I
verified, produced and presented it, in service to the legacy of our scholars.

This research deals with the effect of the phonetic clues in directing the meaning of Ibn Al-Ah’naf AlYamani (died at 717 AH) in his interpretation of Al-Bustan in expressing parsing of the problems of
the Qur’an. The research begins by addressing the phenomena of intonation and tanween and their
presence in the Arab heritage among contemporary scholars and the Arab heritage, the broad heritage,
devoid of references to the phenomenon of intonation, this phonemic phenomenon affecting meaning,
but they are unanimously closely linked to the rich beauty. Intonation and tanween are verbal contexts
that express psychological and grammatical meanings, and they are among the most important tools
that have an impact on the reader or recipient’s psyche and conscience. Explanation of the search for
the interpretation of the interpretation of issues of intonation and tanween in the interpretation of
grammatical, structural, stylistic, morphological, phonemic and semantic issues in the interpretation of
Al-Bustan through the interpretation of meanings and explanation, as it seeks to express the
pronunciation in the pronunciation that passes through the different dialects that do not appear in the
interpretation, an interpretation that does not have Tones in the audio to clarify the pronunciation.

The term diagnosis forms the basis for the formation of the natural image that dominates poetic texts. It
is considered the most important pillar through which poetic creativity is formed. Diagnosis is a
stylistic phenomenon that lies in achieving amazement in the recipient. Scholars, ancient and modern,
have dealt with diagnosis with theoretical and applied study, and for this reason I decided to study AlRusafi’s poetry. Al-Balansi is part of this phenomenon, and from this standpoint, I divided the research
plan into an introduction and three sections. The introduction: I dealt with the concept of diagnosis, and
a summary of the biography of Al-Rusafi Al-Balansi. As for the first section: I titled it (the motives for
diagnosis), in which I dealt with nature and imagination. As for the second section: I titled it (Sensory
Images), and it dealt with the visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile.

The aim of the research is to elucidate the foundational principles of necessity and obligation, which
have been distinguished by several key philosophical concepts formulated by the Hanafi school
through the issues used to understand necessity and obligation after choice. It highlights the content of
the principles of necessity and obligation, and the obligation principle, which indicates that individuals
are obliged to act based on ethical values and principles, subject to surrounding conditions and
circumstances. The importance of the study lies in shedding light on the concept of necessity and
obligation after choice, as it holds significant importance in the Hanafi school, which is one of the
major schools of Islamic jurisprudence. The Hanafi school focuses greatly on understanding the legal,
ethical, and moral consequences of human choices and actions. The study primarily followed a
descriptive-analytical-inductive methodology, integrating it with a historical methodology that includes
studying the historical context of the foundational principles in the Hanafi school, and a comparative
methodology, comparing individual narratives in Hanafi traditions and foundational principles with
similar principles in other groups. The study concluded with several findings, the most prominent of
which is that the principle of foundational rules of necessity and obligation after choice is considered
an important principle in the Hanafi school and in Islamic jurisprudence in general.

This study represents an important stage in preparing contestants for international Quranic competitions
according to important stages that the contestant goes through before participating in the competition.
The idea of this research came from ideas resulting from previous participation in international and
local Quranic competitions. The application of this study is not limited to international competitions
only, but it can be utilized and applied to participating in local Quranic competitions as well. The aim
of this research is to elevate the level of Quran memorizers to reach an advanced position and enhance
the reputation of the Quranic institution or the country from which the contestant is nominated. This
research is titled "Skills for Preparation for International Quranic Competitions", divided into an
introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. The first section focuses on defining international Quranic
competitions, their history, some branches of these competitions, participation requirements, and
highlighting their importance. As for the second section, it focuses on the stages and steps of preparing
for participation in Quranic competitions, emphasizing that the work is done through an institution
dedicated to teaching and memorizing the Quran, preparing suitable conditions and correct steps which
are concentrated in two aspects: administrative - by preparing the names of contestants and selecting
suitable competitions for each contestant according to their age and needs, and practical - conducted in
four stages to solidify memorization, master recitation, understand important fundamentals of pausing
and starting, adjust performance, and enhance vocal abilities

If the contract is concluded in a correct manner, fulfilling its pillars and the conditions of its validity, it
becomes the law of the contracting parties, whether in positive or negative terms, and does not go
beyond the scope - as a general principle - to others, which is expressed by the principle of relativity of
the effect of the contract. There are two groups, one of whom affects the commitment to the scope of
this principle based on the logic, which stipulates that the contract does not harm and benefit only those
who were a party to it, without prejudice to the existence of some exceptions, which are a manifestation
of the extension of the contract to other than its parties, while the second party is trying to establish its
direction on the foundations Several, the most important of which is the idea of justice. The rules of
justice that reason and conscience suggest are complementary to the legal rules that help the judge in
using some solutions and also give him discretionary authority in application of justice. There is no
doubt that determining the scope of the principle of relativity of the effect of the contract without
succession is not an exception to this principle, whether it is a general succession Or private, the Iraqi
legislator stipulated extending the effect of the contract to the contracting parties and the general
successor without prejudice to the general rules related to inheritance in Article (142) of the Civil
Code, and it also stipulated that The Egyptian legislator, in Article 145 of the Civil Code, considers
accordingly that the contract has been expanded to include its parties, the general successor and the
private successor without this being considered an exception to the principle of relativity of the effect
of the contract, and the question was also raised about what is meant by the parties to the contract?,
Who are the parties to the contract, are they the people who signed it? Or does the concept expand to
include the people who participated in the formation of the contract and whatever their role in it, or
does this concept include the people who signed the contract, and with that, the legislator came with
several reservations and exceptions to the principle of the relativity of the effect of the contract down to
the requirements of the public interest, these exceptions are the pledge of Third party and the
stipulation in the interest of others, although it raises many questions on the part of legal jurisprudence
as to whether these reservations are in fact an exception to the principle of relativity of the effect of the
contract, as it gave the creditor in some cases the right to file a direct lawsuit

Judicial oversight is one of the most important safeguards to ensure the principle of legality, which
requires that the administration respect the law in its actions and decisions. Respect for the law by the
administration can only be achieved through judicial oversight of its activities. This oversight is one of
the strongest contemporary guarantees to uphold the principle of legality. States regulate judicial
oversight of administrative actions in two main ways: the first involves establishing a single judicial
entity responsible for resolving all disputes, including administrative disputes (known as the unified
judiciary system), while the second approach establishes two separate judicial bodies, one responsible
for resolving administrative disputes and the other for civil disputes among individuals subject to
private law (known as the dual judiciary system). Iraq adopted the dual judiciary system when the
Administrative Judiciary Court was established in 1989. On the other hand, in the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia, the creation of the Administrative Judiciary was linked to the establishment of the Board of
Grievances in 1373 AH (1953 AD).

This study aimed to explore financial inclusion in its various dimensions (utilization of financial
services, quality of financial services, and access to financial services) and its impact on the financial
performance of commercial banks in Iraq. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher prepared a
questionnaire, which was distributed to a sample of 307 customers in Iraqi commercial banks. The
study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, and data was collected, analyzed, and hypotheses
were tested using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 26). Among the key
findings of the study was the significant impact of utilization of financial services, quality of financial
services, and access to financial services on the financial performance of Iraqi commercial banks. One
of the crucial recommendations of the study emphasized the necessity for these banks to focus on
providing highly reliable, trustworthy, and secure financial services to customers to enhance their
confidence and trust when dealing with the bank.

The preparation of any good map requires choosing the appropriate cartographic representation method
with all its means and methods of representation, because the map is an important and necessary
research tool for the geographer for its effective role in delivering information quickly and facilitates
understanding and perception compared to numbers, tables and explanations, and here the role of
geographic information systems in cartography is clear, as the use of these systems leads to the design
of maps very accurately because of the variety of methods used to encode or represent natural and
human phenomena on objective maps and with high technology. The research touched on all the
cartographic representation methods used to represent data in thematic maps and identified all aspects
related to the capabilities of geographic information systems in drawing and designing the Thematic
Map and it turned out that GIS programs have a high potential in cartographic representation, but there
are a number of quantitative representation methods are not available in these GIs programs and it is
necessary to rely on other cartographic programs specialized in mapping such as (QGIS) (GRASS3.4),
(ScapeToad-v11), (GEO DA1.5)

Nowadays, methods of justification and satisfactory strategies are very important in social interaction
and other spheres of life, particularly when tackling political affairs. In order to convince others to
support them on certain subjects, politicians as well as all other people rely on a variety of techniques.
Politicians who want to dominate their countries must unavoidably possess some unique linguistic
traits or qualifications that allow them to do so and enable them to continue carrying out their
objectives. This study, which is a critical discourse analysis, explores the relationship between
language and the social political contexts in which it is used. The main two goals of this study are first
to expose the way followed by the speaker to make his thoughts and plans seem real, applicable and
achievable, and identify the linguistic strategies used by politicians to rally support for what they aim to
carry out. Through their speeches, they attempt to gain agreement and support from both allies and
opponents. The analysis will be based on T. Huckin (1997) categories and Fairclough (1995) model to
qualitatively analyze the political oration of president George W. Bush on September 11, 2001, the fifth
anniversary of the assault on the World Trade Center in New York. What can be extracted after
analyzing this political oration is that being a good politician required you to be a good speaker. The
president depends on a supportive way of exposing his thoughts i.e., telling some heroic stories or
situations. The president succeeded in employing some linguistic strategies such as foreground,
background, omission … etc. with connection to the social situation and what improves his success is
winning a second presidential election at that time.

Man’s relationship to the non-human species is stereotyped as one-sided brutal relationship that
objectify animals in the past studies. Some people do not care about non-human species; therefore,
exploit and treat them brutally. This study, however, presents an anti-speciesism attitude and
investigates the bond that humans and animals may share, specifically when the latter help people deal
with the difficulties of loss. Max Porter's Grief is the Thing with Feathers is analyzed in this research
through the lens of zoo criticism which falls within the purview of ecocriticism. The study argues that
Porter's novel presents an anti-speciesism perspective through presenting a bird, namely a crow as a
powerful being capable of healing grief. Writing back speciesism, the representation of the crow
transcends the boundaries of Otherness, silence, and\or objectification. The study concludes that
animals' representation in metamodernist literature, the examined novel as a case in point, is
experimental in terms of narrative techniques, language and character portrayal so as to transcends the
meanings of thingfication and objectification and thus present an anti-speciesism perspective. As such
Graham Huggan and Helen Tiffin's Postcolonial Ecocriticism: Literature, Animals, Environment is a
key source in this study, alongside other critical works on environmental humanities and animal studies
that focus on animality and spirituality and the shifting roles of humans and animals in a "posthuman"
world. The study, therefore, answers the questions of man-animal relationship, and its literary
representation in Porter's novel. The significance of the study springs from the need to stop
discrimination against animals and treat them instead as intrinsically valuable.

The performance of grammatical morphemes is an important part of language use because it focuses on
the shape of the gained language. When compared to bound morphemes, it is widely assumed that free
morphemes are performed with greater ease. The gaining of grammatical morphemes in the English
language comes an expected sequence. However, for Iraqi learners, an acquisition of grammatical
Morphemes in English may present challenges due to differences in the structure of their native
language. For example, Arabic is a Semitic language that has a different grammatical structure than
English. As a result, Iraqi learners may struggle with the order in which they acquire English grammar
morphemes. The current study examines how Iraqi EFL learners develop their performance in {-D pp},
{-ING vb}, {-D pt}, {-ER cp}, {-EST sp}, {-S sg ps}, {-S 3d}, {-S pl}, {-S pl ps}, over one academic
year. The study also examines whether Iraqi EFL learners comply with the identical sequence of
performance at comparable ages and educational terms. It also aims to differentiate between Iraqi males
and females' English language learners based on grammatical morphemes. The study was based on an
essay writing test administered to 20 third-year students. The students study English as a foreign
language at the Department of English, College of Education for Humanities, University of Anbar in
the academic year 2022-2023. The conclusions reveal the percentage of identifying the relevant
grammatical morphemes. The percentages display that the performance of {-Spl} more fulfilled, with
(%55.8), than {-S 3d} (%9.08), {-S sg ps} (%2.4), {-S pl ps} (%0), {-D pt} (%41.49), {-D pp}
(%11.28), {-ING vb} (%14.8), {-ER cp} (%3.1), {-EST sp} (%1.6) respectively. Furthermore, the
findings indicate that Iraqi females' English language learners outperform males in these grammatical
morphemes. According to the study, Iraqi EFL students should write various articles that include all
grammatical morphemes as well as try different exercises and examples of grammatical morphemes in
order to develop and improve their performance.

Fighting for the sake of self-realization becomes a goal for African-American people, particularly
women. Those people have passed through unpleasant stages of stereotyping and devaluing by those in
charge as part of maintaining the Whites’ privilege. As an African-American poet, Rita Dove finds it a
must for her to speak about oppression that her alike have passed through. For this reason, she devotes
her poetry to reflect the real heritage of her folks away from the misrepresentation that those people
have via the dominant discourse. Despite the considerable number of past studies that have approached
the poetry of Dove through different perspectives, little ink, if any, is given to study her poetry in light
of Foucault’s ideas. Thus, the current study aims to investigate the resisting discourse utilized by Dove
in two selected poems in light of Foucault’s Theory of Transgression (1963). Moreover, the concept of
Problematization in Foucault’s aforementioned theory is used as a methodological tool in analyzing the
poem. Two poems “Canary and Banneker” of Dove's Collected Poems 1974-2004 (2016) have been
used for data analysis to show how Dove problematizes the falsely created norms against AfricanAmericans in order to present her anti-discourse against the white dominant society. As such, the study
concludes that Dove through presenting two successful African-American characters, Holiday and
Banneker, refutes the white-made fabrications that African-Americans are unaccustomed and of a low
intelligence to compete a white man. Presenting Holiday as a brilliant jazz singer and Banneker as a
genius scholar who made exceptional discoveries is a resisting strategy followed by Dove to show that
African-Americans are brilliant and if they are given the opportunity, they can rival the whites.

The study provides an examination of the use of mobile applications in English language learning
among EFL learners. It explores the advantages, challenges, and limitations of mobile learning
applications and their effectiveness in improving language skills. The research method used to conduct
the study is a review of related literature for various studies conducted on the research topic. The study
is also planned to examine the effectiveness of using mobile applications for English language learning
by EFL learners. Also, the best practices for integrating mobile applications into EFL classrooms and
provide insights into future possibilities for mobile language learning. It is hoped that the current
attempt helps enrich the previous literature in the field of Mobile Assisted Language Learning with
theoretical information related to the use of Mobile learning applications in learning the English
language in an EFL context.

The study aimed to explain the importance of using the eclectic method and its distinctive role in the
process of teaching the English language in the Iraqi EFL classroom. The study was designed on a
review of previous literature. A literature review is considered to be the use of ideas found in the
literature to justify a particular approach and to choose appropriate methods to achieve the basic goals.
The results of previous studies have emphasized the development of education as a result of the use of
eclectic methods. Additionally, the researcher found that teaching the English language currently
requires the use of the eclectic method because it includes the use of more than one method while
teaching the new curriculum, especially in Iraq, and it is one of the preferred methods for developing
learners’ communication and enabling them to understand activities.