magazine aldhakwat albedh

Abstract:
Velarization has been defined as a presence, through the articulation of a “segment”, by raising the [back of the tongue ]towards the -velum this is named (secondary articulation).
This work divides into three chapters ,in which chapter one deals with the problems and aims at studying the phenomena velarization in Arabic and English , also hypothesizes that:
1- The velarized consonant / / in Arabic is considered to be a separate consonant despite the absence of its symbol in Arabic.
2- / tafxiim / is realized as velarization in Arabic and English due to the area that is involved during the process of articulation.
3- Velarization in Arabic differs from that in English concerning the number of the consonants that are involved in both languages.
Chapter Two deals with drawing attention to {vocal tract} rather than[ “”place” and “manner”] , also the concept of velariation in English and Arabic.
Chapter three involves conclusion which concludes that raising back of the tongue towards the velum is one of an aspect / tafxiim/.

This study aims to shed light on the role social media plays in political marketing for election campaigns. These platforms, such as Facebook, X, and Instagram, have become a pivotal tool used by political parties and candidates to promote their electoral platforms, build their political image, and engage directly with the public. They have provided an interactive space that allows for the dissemination of political content and monitoring of public reactions through interaction indicators such as likes, comments, and shares, which reflect the extent of popular acceptance or rejection. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, one of the most appropriate approaches for studying social phenomena, and the social survey approach, analyzing its dimensions. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of individuals as the primary tool for data collection. The aim was to measure the impact of political content presented via social media on voters› attitudes, opinions, and behavior, as well as to study the nature of their interaction with the official pages of parties and candidates.

Mothers caring for children with special needs face increasing psychological and emotional pressures, extending beyond financial and time-related burdens to feelings of guilt, sadness, helplessness, and isolation. This stems from the shock of discovering the disability and the ongoing challenges associated with caring for the child and providing for their medical and rehabilitation needs, amidst weak social and institutional support. and institutional. Field testimonies indicate that mothers suffer from social stigma, embarrassment, lack of time, and poor quality social relationships, leading to an increased sense of personal burden. In contrast, social support appears to be a protective psychological factor that mitigates this burden. Based on interviews and literature review, to study the relationship between self-burden and social support among this group, with the aim of characterizing the situation and providing more effective interventional and therapeutic foundations.

This paper aims to provide a pragmatic orientation for the core concepts of Speech Act Theory as applied to the Qur’anic text. It analyzes how various types of speech acts operate within Qur’anic discourse, focusing on their performative structure and communicative impact on recipients. The study highlights significant intersections between modern pragmatic theory—particularly the works of Austin and Searle—and classical Islamic jurisprudence, especially in dealing with the declarative/performative dichotomy, speaker intention, context, and linguistic convention. Analytical attention is given to complex issues such as future-tense reports in the Qur’an and the functional role of the Basmala. The findings suggest that pragmatic orientation enhances the interpretative depth of the Qur’anic text by revealing its communicative strategies and spiritual intent beyond literal meaning.

The Brethren of Purity are a group of philosophers and scholars who appeared in the 4th century AH / 10th century AD in the region of Basra. Their primary goal was the dissemination of knowledge, philosophy, and ethics in a manner that promotes understanding and virtue, far from religious and sectarian division. As for the crafts, they devoted two treatises to them in their scientific encyclopedia consisting of fifty-one treatises along with the general treatise. The ranks of the crafts, especially according to the Brethren of Purity, had a large share, as they dealt with them precisely in their treatises, classifying sciences and crafts into multiple ranks, as if they see the world as a hierarchical accumulation beginning from the fundamental to the secondary and then to the perfect.

The Nation and the Homeland in Islamic Jurisprudence
For a state to exist, there must be a nation, a land inhabited by its people, a common denominator among its members, a constitution, and a government that regulates its affairs.
The contemporary state possesses these components. Every state has a territory and borders, a people inhabiting it, a constitution, and a system of government.
Some raise the issue that Islamic thought, Islamic jurisprudence, or Islamic legislation do not possess these components that qualify it to establish a contemporary state.
This research relies on evidence, legal sources, and the sayings of jurists to highlight Islamic jurisprudence›s view of the existence of the nation and the common bonds between its members, bonds of love, affection, peace, concern for some, and support for others. Furthermore, the existence of land requires the defense and protection of the land, and the Islamic land represents all Muslims.

Violence is simply defined as “forcing someone to do something through force or pressure.” Violence, observed in various dimensions at both the individual and societal levels throughout human history, has unfortunately emerged as an integral part of life. This phenomenon, which manifests itself sometimes physically and sometimes psychologically, significantly negatively impacts the quality of life of individuals. Unfortunately, women are among the groups most affected by violence, which is a major social problem in almost every society. Women often face its negative physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences. This study aims to shed light on the consequences of violence against women, as they play a significant role in shaping the future of society, and to highlight the A preventable social problem. The research period was set during the period (1993-2020), considering that the year 1993 was the year of issuing the Universal Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women and the year 2020 was the year of the spread of the Corona pandemic in Iraq and the rest of the world. For this purpose, the phenomenon of violence is studied in terms of its concepts, forms and methodologies, with a focus on

The research investigates the representations of silence as an active narrative and semantic component in the series «Ababeel: The Epic of Clay and Fire» by the writer Ahmad Al-Hamdan. The study aims to identify the patterns of silence and its psychological and aesthetic functions in the narrative structure of the text, starting from the premise that silence is not merely the absence of speech, but an expressive mechanism that carries interpretative, emotional, and artistic dimensions. The study is divided into a theoretical introduction that defines the concept of silence in literary studies, both ancient and modern, followed by an introduction to the series. It then transitions to the applied aspect by analyzing the representations of silence in the novels through two main axes: First: intentional silence, which involves structural deficiencies manifested by gaps in narrative, temporal, and spatial dimensions. Silent description, then, represents the substitution of language with aesthetic silence, especially in depicting nature, architecture, and human forms. The silence of sound includes the quietness of characters, the narrator, and the narrative subject as a tool for creating tension and contemplation. Second: unintentional silence, which addresses unexplained gaps, leaving the reader in front of an unresolved ambiguity within the text. It also discusses silence of awe or shock as an automatic emotional response that renders the character unable to speak under the overwhelming weight of astonishment, fear, or loss.

The research aims to examine the issue of the validity of digital currencies, a recent development that requires a clarification of the Sharia ruling, particularly given their widespread prevalence in the virtual world. A segment of Arab youth has begun to turn to them for use in electronic games and entertainment programs. The objective of these currencies was to facilitate buying and selling, as they offer a new form of financial transactions. They do not require monetary intermediaries and are not subject to central bank oversight.
The importance of this study lies in understanding the meaning of digital currencies, their advantages, and risks. Is it true that they are merely products, as opposed to cash? Is it permissible to use them if they are clearly undefined and can be used for illicit purposes, such as money laundering and terrorist financing, which contradicts the general principles of Islamic law?

Classroom discourse interaction which has a particularly powerful potential influence in EFL settings is that of classroom talk involving oral, verbal interaction between teacher and student as an important means of immersing students in the language, becoming carriers of the language, and of ‘switching them on’ as effective learners. It is relevant wherever chat in the classroom may take place. Hence, this paper discusses the importance and effectiveness of classroom discourse interaction for improving the5th preparatory level Iraqi EFL students with the possibility to create interactive environment so that students should indulge in genuine and real conversation in English. The population of the study is limited to EFL 5th preparatory stage students in Maysan Province/Iraq at the scholastic year 2024–2025. The study includes (81) students distributed into two groups (experimental & control). The number of students in the pilot testing sample is (25). Two tests, the pre- and posttest, have been employed to achieve the aims of the study. Scrutiny of the findings implies that training in classroom discourse interaction with preparatory school students is more effective to facilitate students› acquisition of a foreign language and development of oral skills. Consequently, the posttest test results of experimental and control showed a significant difference in the posttest situation. Based on the results and discussions, the following are deduced; recommendations and future prospects are deduced.

The study aimed to know the cube strategy and its effect on achievement in mathematics among fifth grade primary school students and the imagination strategy and its effect on achievement in mathematics among fifth grade primary school students, The researcher followed the experimental research method and the study community consisted of all primary schools affiliated with the Dhi Qar Education Directorate. The students from Al-Kisaa Elementary School, with a total of (96) students, with (32) students for each group, i.e. (32) students representing the first experimental group that studied using the cube strategy and (32) students represent the second experimental group that studied using the imagination strategy, and (32) students represent the control group that studied using the traditional method from the second semester of the academic year 2024-2025, To achieve the study’s objectives, the researcher prepared an achievement test in mathematics consisting of (30) objective multiple-choice items. After that, the validity and reliability of the test were verified and verified, and statistical analyses were conducted. The researcher used a group of statistical methods, including Difficulty and discrimination coefficient equation, Kuder-Richardson equation (KR-20), one-way analysis of variance, and Scheffe method, The researcher reached the results and found statistically significant differences between the average scores of the students of the three groups in the achievement test in favor of the second experimental group. Accordingly.

Islamic sciences, in their entirety, of epistemological integration between historical criticism and its relationship with hadith criticism. History, in this context, involves determining the timeframes in which events are situated—such as birth, death, health, illness, and similar matters—through a thorough examination of circumstances from beginning to end.Historical inquiry plays a crucial role in establishing the reliability of narrators, particularly in assessing their moral integrity, accuracy, and discernment, thereby determining the acceptance or rejection of their hadiths. The temporal classification of events constitutes an essential part of the science of hadith and represents one of its foundational principles with significant practical value. It is instrumental in verifying the continuity or discontinuity of transmission chains, and in exposing fabrications, deceptive attribution (tadlīs), or omissions (irāsāl)—matters that are often discernible only hadith scholars and other historical approaches are not only complementary but also aligned in their foundational principles and epistemic assumptions.

Research title: (The rules of interpretation included in Abu Al-Su›ud›s interpretation - Surat Al-Fatihah as a model)
This research gains its importance because it is related to the book Ahdal, which is the most honorable of books. Although the science of the rules of interpretation is one of the newly emerging sciences, researchers have begun to focus their attention on it as it is the aid to understanding the book Ahdal, this is with the general neglect of students of knowledge from specialists as well as others from working in this aspect, learning, teaching and writing.
I divided the subject into two sections. In the first section, I gave a general overview of the rules of interpretation, and I divided it into four demands. In the second section: Applications of the rules of interpretation to Surat Al-Fatihah from Abu Al-Su›ud›s interpretation (Guidance of the Sound Mind), and I divided it into two demands

New theology is a modern and controversial topic in religious studies, due to the ambiguity and confusion surrounding it, both in name and content. Some deny its existence at all, considering it a mere illusion. Conversely, others view it as a comprehensive epistemological project with its own foundations, methods, issues, and objectives. This debate reflects a real need to renew religious thought, as a result of the transformations of contemporary reality and the ongoing need for religion.
Kalam constitutes the foundation upon which other religious sciences, such as the principles of jurisprudence and doctrine, are based. It defines the image of God in the religious mind, formulates the cosmic and monotheistic vision, and from it are built the rules of jurisprudence and ijtihad. Therefore, it can be said that theology constitutes the infrastructure of Islamic religious thought.
Among its fundamental issues, the issue of revelation stands out as a central axis. It constitutes the heart of Islamic religious theory and influences the understanding of monotheism, prophecy, and religious knowledge. Therefore, we chose to focus on “revelation” alone, as it reveals the nature of the relationship between God and humanity and determines how we read and understand religious texts. New theologians have been preoccupied with reinterpreting revelation, offering insights outside the traditional framework. Hence, anyone who offers a new understanding of revelation outside the traditional theological corpus can be considered a new theologian.

This study examines the personal and scholarly biography of the physician Ibn Jazla, one of the geniuses of Arab-Islamic thought in the fifth century AH/eleventh century AD. He authored numerous works in various fields of knowledge, especially in the field of medicine, thanks to the rise of Baghdad, the capital of the Arab-Islamic Caliphate during the Abbasid era, which attracted many scholars, doctors, and translators of various backgrounds and religions. The study also discusses biographies of the Ahl al-Bayt and their descendants (peace be upon them), and sheds light on the narratives of the Ahl al-Bayt and their descendants (peace be upon them) through the book (Mukhtasar Tarikh Baghdad) by al-Hakim. Al-Baghdadi Ibn Jazlah.
The study demonstrated the method followed by Ibn Jazlah, through analyzing the contents of the biographies and narratives. He omitted the chains of transmission to avoid length and brevity, arranged the biographies alphabetically, and listed the essential elements of a single biography, including name, nickname, lineage, birth, sheikhs, and death. He also frequently cited poetry and the Prophet›s hadith.

The research aims to analyze the content of chemistry books in the intermediate stage according to future thinking skills for the academic year (2024-2025), To achieve the goal, the researcher designed a tool that includes future thinking skills, including (4) basic skills and (20) secondary indicators, The researcher adopted the descriptive approach using the content analysis method, adopting the idea as a unit of recording and taking repetition as a unit of enumeration, The researcher confirmed the stability and validity of the analysis, One of the most prominent findings of the researcher through the analysis process is that future thinking skills were present to a very small degree in the content of the two textbooks (first, second) for the intermediate stage. The skill of prediction came at a rate of (38% - 30%) respectively, the skill of problem solving at a rate of (30% - 29%) respectively, the skill of visualization at a rate of (23% - 25%) respectively, and the skill of prediction at a rate of (9% - 16%) respectively. Based on this, several recommendations and suggestions were presented.

This research, titled «The Rules of Number and the Counted and their Rhetorical Purposes,» aims to unveil the semantic and rhetorical dimensions of using numbers and their counted nouns in Arabic, moving beyond the traditional view limited solely to grammatical aspects. The study posits that the rules of number and the counted in Arabic are not merely rigid rules for enumeration; rather, they are fundamental pillars of eloquent expression and semantic precision, serving as a primary gateway to achieve various rhetorical purposes that enrich meaning and deepen impact.
The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, collecting scientific material from linguistic, grammatical, and rhetorical sources. It then meticulously analyzed this material to deduce diverse rhetorical purposes, reinforcing its findings with applied examples from the Holy Quran and classical Arabic texts. The research is divided into two main sections: the first is dedicated to the rules of numbers, including their names, classifications, and rules concerning gender (masculine/feminine), definiteness/indefiniteness, as well as rules for small numbers, intermediate numbers, large numbers, numbers based on meaning, and adjectival use of numbers. The second section addresses the rules of the counted noun, covering its classifications, its relation to the number in terms of singular/plural, definiteness/indefiniteness, as well as rules for mixed and shared counted nouns, and the significance and rhetorical motivations behind omitting the counted noun.
The study highlights that the rules of number and the counted exemplify remarkable precision in the Arabic language, enabling it to express the subtlest semantic distinctions with the fewest words. It indicates that the rhetorical purposes achieved through these rules include emphasis, augmentation, reduction, specification, ambiguity, and others, all contributing to enhanced understanding and broader expressive capabilities. This research is considered a valuable contribution that deepens the understanding of these rules and their rhetorical applications, assisting researchers in comprehending and applying them correctly to preserve the beauty and precision of the language.

v Our research, entitled the role of scientific centers in spreading intellectual awareness in: Baghdad: from: the fifth to the :sixth: century Ah, is highlighted by the intellectual and cultural activity of :Baghdad in: the fifth century: Ah, which was the result of the establishment of Sunni and Shiite scientific centers, most notably Mashhad Abi School. Al-Sunya Garden, which was founded by Musharraf Al-Khwarizmi, and it is a private school of the Al-Halqi sect, the official doctrine of the Seljuks and the Abbasid morals. For the Hadeli sect in Baghdad and the Islamic world, it was built by the jurist Abu Saeed Ya Al-Makhramy. He died in the year 513 Ah (in the Bab Al-Arj area on the: eastern: side of: the: city of Baghdad. The establishment of intellectual schools was not limited to these, but we find the school of Abu Saeed Al-Makhrami (the generational school), which had its impact and its clarity through being a school in which the religious, moral and educational aspect of knowledge was achieved, as: well: as: from: the: intellectual and other centers in Baghdad: in: the: century:. The fifth Hijri school is the school of Minister Aoun Al-Din Yahya Ibn Hiyra, who is considered one of the Hadeelah schools, which was sponsored by the Abbasid state at the time. Intellectual, which played its role in the intellectual renaissance, where teaching, fibrosis and debates between sects and sects that were present in Baghdad at that period. It was influenced by the intellectual and cultural arena, and through his valuable books and debates that took place with other sects, as well as from the other centers. And he excelled in intellectual and scientific life in that period, through his valuable works, especially the book of men, which: is: considered: one: of: the: most: important Shiite historical books, because it contains valuable news and information about: the men of the Shiite sect. It is the only part of the other neighboring Islamic countries because of the cultural and scientific mixing prevailing in this city: because: it: was: the: capital of the Arab-Islamic state at that time:

The research focused on studying the biographies of scholars from the city of Skaf during the Abbasid era, who played an important role in scientific aspects, especially since the city’s proximity to Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, made it flourish in various forms of science and knowledge, especially the sciences of the Holy Quran, the Prophet’s hadith, the Arabic language, literature, poetry, and others. These scholars contributed Those who bore the title of “Eskafi,” named after the city of Eskaf, contributed to the development of intellectual and scientific movements in the city of Eskaf, as well as in Baghdad, the Levant, Egypt, and elsewhere.

Endowment Policy in the Abbasid Era: A Historical Study of the Economic and Social Function of Endowment Institutions

The Holy Quran contains various methods and approaches for raising children, which guarantee the well-being of children and, consequently, the well-being of Islamic society. In a short period of time, the Holy Quran has transformed Arab society from the manifestations of ignorance to the light of sound nature and the teachings of Islam. One of the greatest obligations God has enjoined upon us regarding the blessing of offspring is to undertake the task of raising them. And he pledges to them what is good for them in their worldly and afterlife affairs. Children, in the view of the Holy Qur’an, are the adornment of worldly life. God Almighty says: “Wealth and children are the adornment of the life of this world.” (1)

The research aims to study the effect of artificial intelligence and its techniques in developing creative thinking skills among second-year intermediate students in art education. The quasi-experimental approach was used by dividing the research sample into experimental and control. The results showed statistically significant differences, as artificial intelligence had an impact in improving and enhancing aspects and skills of creative thinking, such as originality, fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and detail. There was also an improvement in interaction and engagement with artistic content among students when using artificial intelligence techniques. The study emphasizes the use of artificial intelligence techniques in the educational process, especially in subjects that depend on creativity, such as art education, with the need to train teachers and provide them with an infrastructure that helps enhance the creative aspects using artificial intelligence techniques.