Iraqi Journal of Science and Technology

The study concentrated upon using magnetic water treatment to reduce bacterial and
algal contamination which form (Bio-film) in drinking water tanks. Experiments were
carried out using magnetic device with field intensity of 8000 Gauss. The device was
connected to one of the two plastic tanks used in this work. The tanks were connected
to the same water source for three months. Water samples from both tanks were
examined every two days. The results indicated that a total bacterial count was (47 cfu
/ml) in the control tank in comparison to the treated tank where the total bacterial count
was (3 cfu/ml). The total count of algae was (45.15 cell /l) in the control tank, which is
much higher than that of the treated tank (11.02 cell /l). In addition, a comparison of
physical variables (pH, turbidity and temperature) was conducted in this study. The
results indicated that bio film was formed in the control tank but not in the treated tank.
There were clear differences between results from both tanks indicating a successful
physical treatment to reduce pollution in drinking water tanks.

The preparation of Barium Ferrite powder doped with Cobalt (Co) and Titanium
(Ti) to produce 19 2 12
OTi Co BaFe x x x  , where (x= 0.5), is made by using Glass
crystallization method. The effect of the presence of Glucose, at different concentration,
on the coefficient of magnetic viscosity (S) of the doped compound by using Vibrating
Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The results indicated that the coefficient of magnetic
viscosity (S) increased with the increase of the applied magnetic field (Ha) and reached
a maximum at the Remanence Coercivity magnetic field (Hcr), and it started to
decrease. Also, increasing of the Glucose concentration tends to decrease the coefficient
of magnetic viscosity (S) due to the decline of Barium ferrite particles in the system.

Pepper seed(Capsicum annuum L.) were exposed to magnetic field of strengths 1500 , 2500
and 3500 G for two periods (15 and 30 minutes) in addition to control treatment(without
magnetic exposure) for two seasons(2011 and 2012) . The results of the study showed a
significant increases in all germination parameters( germination percentage, speed of
germination, root length and the number of dead seeds). The rate of increases were 19 - 21% ,
13 - 18% , 17 - 30% , 20 - 28% , 26 - 51 , 28-46 respectively for the three pararameters, while
showed decreases in the fourth pararneter ( the rate of dead seed), 178-420 and 169-366
respectively for the two seasons . The results of the study significant effect of the expose to
magnatic fields on some enzymes of seed germination ( amylase, protease and lipase) . The
highest value of the activities of the enzyme of amylase was observed with treatment 3500 G for
30 minutes (2.36 and 3.39 U/ml ) for both seasons, while the highest value of the protease
enzyme activities was with treatment 3500 G for 30 minutes (381.81 U/ml) in the first season
and with 3500 G for 15 minutes (474.68 U/ml) for the second season . Furthermore, no
significant differences in the enzyme lipase activities observed with all treatment of seed with
the magnetic field.

Field experiment was conducted, in salt affected soil in Tuwaitha salinity
experimental station, to evaluate the effect of organic amendments on growth and yield
of Barley (Hurdium Vulgar L.) Straw of Barley and sheep manure used, as organic
amendments, and applied to soil in 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% rate based on the dry weight
of the soil .Plots were cropped to barley samir cultivar .Irrigation water was saline
ground water of 5.40 dSm-1 of the same area .Grain yield of barley was increased by
32.2 and72.7 % for the straw and sheep manure over that of the control, respectively.
Organic matter content of the soil after harvesting was 2.13 and 2.0% under the 2% rate
of straw and sheep manure addition, respectively .Soil salinity, on the other hand, was
reduced by 53% under straw treatment and 56% under sheep manure treatment over
that of the control .These results firmly indicate the effectiveness of organic
amendments in increasing crop yield and improving soil conditions as well.

In this work, )SnO2) thin films were prepared by thermal chemical spray pyrolysis
technique using mixture of tin chloride hydrate ((SnCl2.2H2O)) with molar
concentration of (0.1M) at glass substrate of temperature 400 C˚. X-ray diffraction
analysis indicated that all the prepared films have polycrystalline structure.
Optical properties of the films were determined by studying the ultraviolet and visible
spectrum which include transmittance , absorptance , absorption coefficient and energy
gap which have a value of (3.65eV) before annealing and about (3.8 eV) after
annealing .The spectral responsivity of the uncoated detector in UV range was (0.15
A/W) .The photo response enhancement of the photoconductive detector is improved
by coating (SnO2) films with 200nm (PMMA) polymer .The results showed that the
responsivity is increased more than that for uncoated (SnO2) and it reached (1.62
A/W) at (385nm) and (10V) bias voltage.

A new system of functionally graded bones and teeth materials is considered in this
study by sintering titanium with hydroxyapatite powders. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was
prepared by sol-gel method through the addition of pentoxide phosphoric acid to the
suspension of calcium nitrate to give the ratio of Ca/P 1.67 by the limiting controlling of
the variables like (pH, reaction temperature, ripening period and sintering temperature).
Then HAP product was mixed with titanium powder at different ratios (20-60 wt),
Followed by sintering temperature in range of 1000 and 1100ºC. The bioactivity was
tested in simulated body fluid (SBF) by immersing the samples at several interval
periods (1-4 weeks). The mean particles size was found in the range of 100 nm which
considered to be convenient for using in medical applications.

The quality of water used for dialysis in six dialysis centers belong to five
hospitals in Baghdad was evaluated from the bacteriological point of view. Samples of
water used in each of these six dialysis centers were examined for total heterotrophic
bacteria count (CFU/ml), and endotoxin contamination. Endotoxin was measured on-site
using a portable instrument, while bacteriological examinations were done in the
laboratory. The results showed a fluctuation in the water quality that makes the dialysis
water unaccepted when compared with the AAMI/ISO 13959 standard. Bacterial counts
for almost all the centers were above the action level (50 CFU/ml), while five out of the
six dialysis centers showed values higher than the maximum value (100 CFU/ml).
Endotoxin level was not detected above the maximum standard level in any of the six
dialysis centers. All hemodialysis centers need continual monitoring and preventive
maintenance to ensure good water quality. In addition, it is important to revise the
design of the water treatment units according to the feed and product water quality.

Iron nanoscale zero valent (n-ZVI) was prepared for use in the treatment of
Trichloroethylene (TCE) which is one of organochlorine compounds. The results
showed that (TCE) was adsorbed on the surface of (n-ZVI), then followed by oxidation
reduction reaction, these processes leads to convert (TCE) to the organic compound free
from chloride, and then reducing the effect of environmental toxicity. Results showed
that the concentration of (TCE) was decreased in the non-aqueous solutions after
treatment with iron nanoscale and the removing percentage reached to 77%. As well as
nanoscale iron showed significant effect when used to remove (TCE) from
contaminated soil, reaching to 82%. In this research we are discussing different weights
of (n- ZVI), and pH value of the aqueous solution of contaminated soil.

The capital city of Iraq (Baghdad) recently has been exposed to many uncontrolled
noise sources, due to the fast economical development and population growth, vehicles,
electric generators, industrial and commercial activities. In this study, noise level was
investigated in residential, commercial and industrial areas. Measurements implemented
in 51 selected locations. Equivalent noise levels are calculated and compared with noise
level at the international standard limits. The study identifies the noise sources in each
region. Noise measurements were taken at different day and night times, calculations
conducted to obtain the equivalent and average representative noise level. The measured
noise level exceeded the recommended standards limits for good health and
environment especially in locations that suppose to have a silence zone such as parks
and hospitals. Noise level at the industrial areas was as higher as 102 dB. Continuous
exposure at these locations (8 daily working hours) without any precautions or
occupational safety actions will certainly leads to adverse health effects to workers and
individuals.

This study represents a small scale electrical resistivity survey at a selected
location within the MoST (Ministry of Science and Technology) establishment
residence / Jadriyah / Baghdad, in order to detect the physical properties of the top
surface layers at the location and predicting the depth of the ground water table which is
considered important factor for the foundations of any engineering construction work in
the future.
The Horizontal Electrical Profiling (HEP) used to cover up the small area and to
give good indicators for the lateral variations of the top soil layer physical properties,
where the results show that the site is characterized by deposition is dry to a depth of 1.5
meters in the southern part of the west of it, while the Vertical Electrical Sounding
(VES) at the center of the area determined the thicknesses and resistivity at the top
layers and the depth of ground water table. Showed where the presence of three geo
electric layers thickness of 1.57 and 2.43 and 5.20 meters respectively.

The boron adsorption process, onto magnesium, aluminum and iron oxide was described
in term of mathematical equations and, taking into account the knowledge acquired by means of
experimental data. The modelization has been carried out by establishing Langmuir, Freundlich
and BET isotherms and kinetic laws for pseudo first order, pseudo second order and
intraparticle diffusion model. The experimental results revealed that adsorption isotherm onto
magnesium and iron oxide fits very well with Langmuir model while adsorption onto aluminum
fits very well with Freundlich model. Results showed that adsorption of boron onto magnesium,
aluminum and iron oxide followed pseudo second order kinetic

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of inorganic
fertilizers (NPK) on growth, fruit yield and quality of Okra cv. Mahi-45. Seven
treatments were included in the trial. The results showed that inorganic fertilizers
treatments had significant effect on all study parameters. The maximum plant height
(162.67 cm), number of branches per plant (5.00), number of leaves per plant (37.33),
fruit length (14.53 cm), fruit diameter (1.88 cm ), number of fruits per plant (35.00),
fruit yield per plant (563.88 g), fruit yield per plot (5074.95 g) and fruit yield (50.75
t/ha) were produced by the treatment (T6) with (150:125:125 kg/ha of NPK)
respectively. While the minimum plant height (60.00 cm), number of branches per
plant (1.33), number of leaves per plant (21.00), fruit length (7.87 cm), fruit diameter
(1.18 cm ) , number of fruits per plant (18.00), fruit yield per plant (162.87 g), fruit
yield per plot (1465.80 g) and fruit yield (14.66 t/ha) were recorded by the treatment
(T1) with (control) respectively.