Academic Science Journal

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder is the name given to the psychological and physical
symptoms that can sometimes follow particular threatening or distressing events. To assess the
frequency of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among preschools children this study was carried out in
Baijee Borough.
Subjects & Methods: A sample of 105 preschool children aged (1-5) years, (24) of them are females
and (81) are males were assessed by using a ques????onnaire that include a demographic informa????on,
family history of exposure to trauma and by using a screening semistructured tool that known as
modified Child Behavior Checklist which divided the sample into two groups: first one those with < 9
scores which considered as negative screening test for Post-traumatic stress disorder and the second
one those with > 9 scores which considered as posi????ve screening test for Post-traumatic stress
disorder.
Results: Positive screening test of post-trauma????c stress disorder was found in 31 (29.5%) of the
sample with male to female ra????o (2.1:1). Children from rural areas had posi????ve screening test of
post-traumatic stress disorder in (67.7%) of them comparison to 10 (32.3%) of those from urban
areas. The commonest involved age group with positive screening test of post-traumatic stress
disorder was between 2-3 years (48.4%). Explosion and or airplane voice were the commonest
trauma associated with positive screening test of post-trauma????c stress disorder in 35% of children
exposed to.
Conclusions: Post-traumatic stress disorder exists among preschool children exposed to trauma but
not recognized. Breast feeding is of protective effect against post-traumatic stress disorder.

Background: Rotavirus infection is the leading single cause of severe diarrhea among infants and
young children. More than 500,000 children under 5 years of age die from rotavirus infec????on each
year, and almost 2 million more become severely ill.
To determine the prevalence of rotavirus infection among patients with diarrhea in Objectives:
Baquba- Diyala province, and to explore the effect of certain relevant factors.
Materials and methods: The present study was extended from 1/July/2007 to 1/September/ 2008 in
Baquba city. A total of 300 fecal specimens were collected from pa????ents suffering from acute
diarrhea. The pa????ents include 136 (45.3%) females with mean age (7.8 ± 4.7) years, and 164 males
with mean age (5.3± 3.4) years. BioRad-Rota kit is a highly sensitive agglutination test was used for
detection of rotavirus in fecal specimens. Bacterial co-infections were identified by culturing on
differential and selective media, and the final diagnosis followed the standard bacteriological
criteria. Parasitic co-infections were detected by general stool examination. All data were
statistically analyzed.
Results: The results showed that the overall infec????on rate by rotavirus among pa????ents was 20.3%,
and the highest infec????on rate was among those below 5 years of age. Rotavirus infection among
adult patients was also recorded. Females had an insignificantly higher infection rate compared to
males (22.1% vs. 18.9%). Pa????ents consuming river's water had significantly higher infec????on rate
compared to those used municipal or tank water (34.5%, 14.1% and 18.5%) respec????vely. Pa????ents
(below 2 years) feed ar????ficially had higher infec????on rate com College of Vet. Med. Diyala University
pared to those on breast or mixed feeding (28.2%, 19.1% and 18.8%) respec????vely. Although, the
rotavirus infections were recorded around the year, the highest infection rate was during spring and
winter seasons (22.5% vs 21.4%). It was also found that neither bacterial nor parasi????c co-infections
were significantly associated with rotavirus infection.
Conclusion: Rotavirus infection as a cause of acute diarrhea was common in Diyala province, and
par????cularly affects children below 5 years of age.
Keywords: Rotavirus, acute diarrhea, gastroenteritis

Background: A comparative study about mortality rate among low birth weight infants who
delivered in Al-Battool teaching hospital- Diyala governorate and admitted to neonatal nursery
throughout the first six months of the year 2003 and 2009 respec????vely.
Patients and methods: This study was done in Al-Battool teaching hospital investigating the records
of 366 pa????ents admi????ed during first six months of 2003 and compared with records of 558 pa????ents
admi????ed during the same period of 2009. Informa????on has been studied extensively for gesta????onal
age, birth weight, predisposing factors and mortality.
Results: The study reveals
1-Mortality rate increased to 30 % during 2009, while it was 12% during 2003
2-Increase percentage of low birth weight infants (32-36wks) during first 6months 2009 (22.7%) , as
compared to first 6months 2003 ( 19.6% ) and (28-32wks) increased to (26.3%) during 2009 as
compared to( 25.4%) during 2003 .
3-Increase congenital abnormality (ranging from cle???? palate to congenital heart diseases) ( 42%) on
2009 as compared to (29%) on 2003.
4-Increase number of low birth weight infants to total deliveries at hospital (13.1%) during 2009 as
compared to (11.7%) during 2003.
Conclusions: High mortality rate, increase percentage of low birth weight infants and increase cases
of congenital abnormali????es during 2009 , need to be studied extensively and thoroughly regarding
the environmental causes and health services availability.

Background: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for respiratory support reduces the
need of endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. A new mode with continuous positive
pressure including a CPAP with intermittent mechanical rate synchronized with breathing SNIPPV.
Objectives: Assessing effectiveness and safety of this mode SNIPPV with the ordinary CPAP.
Methods: A prospective study on neonates with apneas and/or respiratory distress or fit for
extuba????on randomized to receive the ordinary CPAP group1or receive the SNIPPVgroup2.
Result:18 case in each group, in both males needed more support than females, no death among
group 1 while1 case died in the second group, Apgar score mean nearly same for both groups it was
7.2&9.2 at 1&5 minutes group1 compared to 6.9& 8.8 at 1&5minutes group 2,1case in each group
got PIE,2 cases in group1 had PDA compared to 3cases in the group 2, no cases of group1cases failed
while 4cases in group 2 failed this support(p 0.032), no cases in group one develop CLD compared to
two cases group two, no intestinal perforation in both groups.
in short and long term Conclusion: According to the data there was no significant difference
outcome between the ordinary CPAP and the SNIPPV when they used for sick neonates.

Measles is a highly contagious viral infec????on and 90% of non immunized persons who come
into direct contact with the virus will develop infection.
A cross sectional study conducted in Tikrit Teaching Hospital to highlight the Outbreak of measles
and its effect on pa????ent’s health during period of 3 months from 1st of January 2008 to the 1st of
April 2008. A total of 100 cases included in the study from different age groups and from both
genders without any exclusion.
The study showed that the most common affected age 54% were between 1-5 year and 4% of cases
were below 6 month. Male gender 56% affected more than female gender, 44 % and 91% of cases
have history of contact with infected persons . In the present study 17% of cases have history of
vaccina????on with measles , 13% have history of vaccina????on with Measles, Mumps, Rubella ( MMR)
and only 9% have history of vaccina????on with both. Nutri????onal assessment done for every cases and it
shows that 51% of them have normal nutri????onal state, 35% have mild malnutri????on, 12% have
moderate malnutri????on, and 2% of cases have severe malnutri????on. The rela????on between nutri????onal
state and development of complications were not significant in this study except that which is
related to otitis media (O.M). The study showed that 3% developed central nervous system
complica????ons, 30% developed O.M, 48% of cases developed gastrointes????nal tract (GIT)
complications and that all the cases have respiratory tract complications which was the main
cause of admission to the hospital. Hb, PCV, total WBC, WBC differential count and blood film
morphology was done for every pa????ent and it showed that 63% of cases have anemia, 20% have
normal finding, 22% have

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis. It is a skin infection caused by
a single-celled parasite that is transmitted by sand fly bites. Although the cutaneous form of the
disease is often self-limiting, it does result in significant scarring and can spread to more invasive,
mucocutaneous disease. Leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries on five continents. The
pentavalent an????monials meglumine an????monate (85 mg Sb/mL) for intramuscular administration and
sodium s????bogluconate (100 mg Sb/mL) for intravenous and intramuscular administration have been
used for decades for the treatment of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis, and are the gold
standard for other new investigational drugs. Cutaneous leishmaniasis has been treated in patients
of all ages with a wide range of physical methods, including cauterization, surgical excision,
cryotherapy and the application of local heat. The antibacterial activity of proteinase was
determined against different types of bacteria isolated from patients and healthy individuals. The
most sensitive bacteria were Lactobacillus spp. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most resistant.
Candidal proteinase, also have an anti-leishmania donovani ac????vity ( on the promas????gote stage)[15]
. Thus this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of proteinase enzyme on promastigote stage
of L. tropica, in vitro and the possibility to be used in the future as an anti-leishmanial drug.

The retinoblastoma gene was the first tumor suppressor gene identified that was altered not
only in retinoblastomas but has been described in a wide variety of human neoplasms. The
retinoblastoma gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein that in its hypophosphorylated stat plays an
important role in regulation the cell cycle, thus preventing from tumor formation. This study was
designed to determine pRB expression in a group of cervical tissues comprised of normal,
premalignant and malignant lesions. A total of 60 cervical ????ssue samples were included in this study.
50 archival ????ssue biopsy samples comprised a risk group for cervical neoplasia; these were selected
from histopathology files of Al-kadhimya teaching hospital, Al-Ulwiya teaching hospital, Al-Yarmouk
hospital, Medical City department of teaching laboratories, and from four private laboratories. The
remaining 10 normal cervical postmortem ????ssue biopsies were obtained from the ins????tute of
forensic medicine and considered as control group. Immunohistochemistry was done for detection
pRb expression. The results of this study found that there were significant differences of pRb
expression between CINII/III or ISCC and normal cervical ????ssue (p<0.01, p<0.05 respec????vely). There
was no significant difference between CIN I and CIN II/III (p>0.05). There were no significant
differences between CIN I or CIN II/III and ISCC in rela????on to pRb expression (p>0.05).This results
suggest that Rb protein expression may be important in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma.

Many factors that necessitate the need for a national medical licensing examination in Iraq,
and these are the following; the rapid increase in the number of medical schools and their students,
the expected influx of Iraqi and foreign medical graduates from foreign countries to work in Iraq
especially a????er 2003. The expected increasing number of students and award of scholarships to
increasing numbers of students to study medicine in various countries with the absence of published
national guidelines for minimal acceptable competencies of a medical graduate are of driving forces
for this examination. This article is to discuss the need for consensus of lists of competencies that a
graduating medical student is expected to master in order to practice medicine, and then to design
national licensing examinations to address these different competencies.

Background: H. pylori had been recognized as the causative agent of several gastric diseases and
possessed wide variety of virulence factors, one of most important factors is CagA.
Objective: This study investigated the expression of CagA cytotoxin on the gastric epithelial cells in
patients with Helicobacter pylori gastric illness by using In Situ Hybridization technique.
Methods: Paraffin embedded ????ssue had been made form biopsies taken from 30 pa????ents undergo
O.G.D. and selected according to exclusion criteria. In addi????on 10 apparently healthy volunteers
were included as a control group.
Results: The CagA cytotoxin was detected in 21(70.0%) pa????ents out of 30 and 9 (30.0%) gave
negative results, on other hand control group showed no positive results.
Conclusions: The CagA positive H. pylori strains cause the majority of H. pylori related gastric illness.

Background: Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL) are heterogenous group of autoantibodies directed
against negatively charged phospholipid and phospholipid binding proteins. They gained much
attention due to their association with pregnancy failure, particularly recurrent fetal loss.
Objectives:To investigate the relevance of positive ACL antibodies with recurrent abortion among
women in Diyala province and to explore the effect of certain co-factors.
Materials and methods:The study groups include, 45 pregnant women with previous history of
recurrent abor????on (mean age 29.3 ± 6.7) years; 60 pregnant women without previous abor????on
(mean age 28 ± 6.1) years; 50 non-pregnant women with history of recurrent abortion (mean age
29.7 ± 6) years and 60 non-pregnant women without history of previous abor????on (mean age 31.5 ±
7.2) years. Required information were collected by personal interview. Detection of ACL-IgM and
ACL-IgG were done using ELISA technique.
Results:The results showed that the seropositivity of ACL-IgM among pregnant women with
recurrent abortion and without abortion was 30% and 3.3% respec????vely. While the seroposi????vity of
ACL-IgM among non-pregnant women with previous abor????on and those without abor????on was 20%
and 0% respec????vely. The ACL-IgG among non-pregnant women without previous abortion and those
with previous abor????on was 0% and 35% respec????vely.
Conclusion:Anticardiolipin antibodies may play as a cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion among
women in Diyala province.

A survey for zoonotic and nonzoonotic endoparasites of rodents carried out at some highly
infested districts of Baghdad. A total of 186 rodents of three species was examined , comprising of
89 R. norvegicus , 62 Rattus rattus and 35 Mus musculus . Fourteen species belonging to twelve
genera were identified. The most prevalent species of rodents was R. norvegicus in which zoonotic
H. diminuta (24%) , H. nana (10.7%) and Cysticercus fasciolaris ( 9%) were the most prevalent species
of protozoan and helminth parasites respectively. Zoonotic protozoa T. lewisi and Sarcocystis sp. in
R. norvegicus were most prevelnt than B.microti in R.rattus .Nonzoonotic endoparasites
Vampirolepis sp. ,M. rodentium, S. obvelata , Trichuris sp. and T. musculi were recorded with wide
variation prevalence in the rodents species under study. New records of B. microti , new host for T.
lewisi and C. fasciolaris (Strobilocercus) Hydatigena type larval infection of Taenia sp. of rodents
species in Baghdad area under study.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) which, leading cause of death in industrialized nations.
Traditional risk factors for (IHD) such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia may
not be able to predict cardiovascular events accurately in male and female. Early detection and
prevention of (IHD), especially among the elderly, remains a major public health issue. The aim of
this study was estimate the frequency of microalbuminuria in patients with and without diabetes
mellitus (DM), answering the question: 'How relevant for general practice are epidemiological
findings that microalbuminuria is a significant risk indicator for the development of cardiovascular
syndromes?' and analyze prospectively whether the urinary albumin to creatinine (A/C) ratio can
indepenendently predicts ischemia heart disease (IHD) in a population suffering from diabetes
mellitus (DM) in Kirkuk city.
The study group conducted on (120) pa????ents with (IHD) and (DM) their age ranging between
(20-79) years and (100) aged matched health control subjects .The males consisted (52.27%) of the
total pa????ents, while females (47.73%). They characterized by sex, age, body mass index (BMI), blood
pressure (Bp), fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum albumin and creatinine.
An interaction between microalbuminuria and IHD with DM was observed, and presence of
microalbuminuria more than doubled predictive effect of the conventional atherosclerotic risk factor
for development of IHD. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio is recommended for microalbuminuria
assessment, because it reflects urinary albumin excretion. Muscular mass could affect
albumin/creatinine ratio, because urinary creatinine reflects muscular mass. Prevalence showed
significant higher in the normal male than female
individuals and this attributed to the difference in the lean muscle mass between the two sex and
more fragrantly in (BMI) of (24-26) Kg/m2 in male groups than females. The relationship of obesity
on microalbuminuria and (IHD) was statistically significant the (P) values was found to be (<0.05) in
the both sexes.
The prevalence of the patient groups suffering from previous signs of ( IHD) with type (I)
diabetes mellitus in the nonhigh (uACR) groups were (23.3%), high (uACR) without microalbuminuria
groups were (30%) and high (uACR) with microalbuminuria groups were (46.7%) while in the groups
with patient suffering from previous signs of ( IHD) with type (II) diabetes mellitus were
(20%),(32.2%) and (47.7%) respec????vely. The excess of the pa????ent groups suffering from previous
signs of (IHD) with type (II) diabetes mellitus prevalence in the high (uACR) groups reflected the
combination of dissimilar data between the subgroups with and without microalbuminuria .In
comparison to the nonhigh (uACR), the patient groups suffering from previous signs of (IHD) with
type (II) diabetes mellitus prevalence was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the high (uACR)
subgroup with microalbuminuria but not in the high (uACR) subgroup without microalbuminuria

The present work designed to study the Immunohistochemical changes of the common peroneal
nerves of 30 diabe????c pa????ents (8 females and 22 males), their age ranging between (55-75) years and
iden????cal samples from 30 un diabe????c cadavers (4 females and 26 males) newly imported to
department of forensic medicine, at age of (25-50) years as control group. The mul????ple regression
analysis showed significant effect, of age, male gender and duration of diabetes on the development
of neuropathy. The protein S100 was significantly depleted in common peroneal nerves samples
taken from diabetic patients. The male gender, age progression and to a lesser extent the duration
of the disease observed to be risk factors aggrava????ng the deple????on of the S100 protein. The present
study concluded that neurological factors were simultaneously responsible for the pathogenesis of
diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and the age, male gender and a lesser extent the diabetic period
may act as risk factors.

Hydatid disease is considered as one of the important zoonotic diseases, due to the
complications and the difficulties of the diagnosis and treatment. Although there is significant
progress in the treatment of this disease, the difficulties of using drugs due to there toxicity and the
.side effect of the application are still amatter of discussion
Therefore, lots of the researchers are starting thinking about the alternative procedure of the
treatment before going to the surgery. Accordingly, plant extract (Peganum harmala extract) was
considered to be one of the alternative procedures , because of their availability and it is usually
known plant without side effect and it is poblicaly used for the treatment of different diseases.
Therefore it has been decided in this work to apply the seeds extract of this plant in the
experimental treaetment of the hydatide disease in vitro and in vivo on experimental animals. The
results of this work reveald significant efficacy of these extracts on the activity of protoscolices and
.also the reduction of numbers of Hydatide cysts in the experimental animals

Background: Because hepa????????s C virus can replicate in cells other than hepatocytes, more than 5% of
infected patients develop during the course of the disease at least one extrahepatic manifestations.
Objective: Determination of the seropositivity rate of anti-HCV antibody among patients with
thyroid dysfunction in Diyala province.
Materials and methods: The present study was conducted from September/2008 to October/2009.
122 pa????ents who presented with abnormal thyroid func????on tests. 29 (23.3%) of them were males
with mean age 35.4 ± 19.0 years and 93 (76.7% ) were females with mean age 37.5±11.5 years.
Addi????onally, 117 normal healthy blood donors were included as control group, the mean age 32.3 ±
8.7 years. An????-HCV antibody was detected by ELISA technique. Repeatedly positive sera were
confirmed by immunoblot assay. Data were statistically analyzed.
Results: The preliminary results showed that the anti-HCV seropositivity rate among patients was
insignificantly higher than controls (1.6% and 0.8%) respec????vely. Male and female were equally
infected (50%). The age of infected male was 56 years, while the age of infected female was 47
years.
Conclusion: Hepatitis C virus infection is not a risk factor for the development of thyroid dysfunction.

A prospective study comparing the surgical technique of simple ligation, with ligation and
stump burial during a appendectomy for non complicated appendici????s, was done for 160 pa????ents
from april 2000 to april 2003 in baquba general hospital .
The patients were randomized into tow groups. In group I simple ligation and group II ligation and
stump invagination was carried out, the patient was followed up for tow years to check for post
operative complication.
We found the incidence of wound infection and ileus was higher in group II , which take me
conclusion that simple liigation of the appendex stump is safe better during appendectomy .

Background: Antibiotics are one of the most common drugs prescribed in the hospitals. The present
survey was performed to study the style of prescription of different types of antibiotic regimens in
different surgeries in Baquba Teaching Hospital and assess the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy
through a comparison with the standard guidelines for antibiotic prescription.
Methodology: A retrospective survey were used to evaluate the patients undergone surgery through
one month dura????on beginning from the 1st of April 2009 to the 1st of May 2009. 303 pa????ents were
enrolled in our survey and questionnaires concerning demographic data, type of surgery, and
parameters of antibiotic therapy ( selection of antibiotic, dose, route and duration of therapy) were
completed.
Results: From 303 pa????ents, 179 pa????ents receiving one an????bio????c and the other 124 pa????ents
receiving 2 or more an????bio????cs (an????bio????c combina????on). Claforan was the common antibiotic
prescribed where it was wri????en for 169 pa????ents as a single agent or in combina????on with other
an????bio????cs. Claforan with Flagyl was the common an????bio????c combina????on, prescribed for 63 pa????ents.
Concerning dura????on of therapy, 159 pa????ents con????nue on an????bio????c therapy for 2-3 days while 71
patients continue for one day.
Conclusion: The antibiotic selection in this hospital is optional and not according to any guidelines or
recommendations. The utilization of culture and sensitivity studies is absent and antibiotic
prescription is almost totally empirical. Therefore, antibiotic prescription is inappropriate and didn’t
follow the standard guidelines for antibiotic prescription.
Key words: antibiotic, standard guidelines, claforan

Background: Patients with facial pain are commonly diagnosed as suffering from sinusitis and many
of these patients do not have sinus disease and the pain can be attributed to other causes.
Aim: To provide evidence by therapeutic trial whether mucosal contact pressure zones do cause facial
pain and headache,
Patients and methods: Clinical trial of Twenty four patients were complaining of facial pain or
headache of at least moderate severity mucosal contact pressure zone(s) between middle or inferior
turbinate and nasal septum and no evidence of sinus infection were included in this study which was
carried out at Tikrit teaching hospital and private hospital by senior auther, during two years period
from December.2007_december 2009 were visible endoscopically, and no evidence of sinus
infection. All patients underwent initial treatment with topical nasal steroids for at least 6 weeks.
Patients who failed to respond, or who only had partial response to topical nasal steroids, were offered
surgery designed to eliminate the mucosal contact pressure zone. Surgery consisted of either
septoplasty, subtotal resection of the turbinate, or both septoplasty and turbinate reduction. Patients
followed up for between 6 months to one year
Results: Facial pain and headache were successfully relieved in 20/24 (83%) cases. Of the four
failures, one had undiagnosed sphenoidal sinus infection which became apparent during follow-up
nasendoscopy.Two patients were depressed. One patient persisted with pain and headache for
unknown reasons.
Conclusions: The technical success rate of treatment of headache and facial pain in eliminating
mucosal contact pressure zones was 100%, but this does not automatically translate into a 100%
success rate in relieving symptoms.

Background: Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear, usually associated with upper respiratory
tract infec????on. Although, it can occur at any age, but 60-80% of children had recurrent o????????s media.
Early diagnosis and management may avoid serious complications like, brain abscess, meningitis,
lateral sinus thrombosis and subdural abscess.
Objectives: To determine the isolation rate of proteus species from patients with otitis media in
Baquba city, and to explore the effects of certain relevant factors.
Materials and methods: Ear swabs were collected from 270 pa????ents with acute or chronic o????????s
media attending the out-patient clinic of Baquba General Hospital. Information regarding age, sex,
residence, and smoking were collected by special form pre-constructed for this purpose. Isolation
and identification of Proteus species based on standard bacteriological criteria. All data were
statistically analyzed.
Results: Proteus species were isolated from 35(12.9%). The P.mirabilis cons????tute 28 and P.vulgaris
7. Bacterial growth other than proteus cons????tute 75.9%, while swabs with no bacterial growth was
11.1%. The mean age of pa????ents was 25.9±16.8. The isola????on rate from males (17.8%) was higher
than that of females (8.5%). The highest isola????on rate (18.4%) was found in 10-19 years age group,
while the lowest isola????on rate (6.6%) was recorded in those<5 years old. Residents of rural areas recorded highest number of Proteus species isolates when
compared to those of urban areas (13.3% vs 11.9%). Chronic OM cases showed higher isola????on rate
(18.6%) of Proteus spp than that of acute cases (6.9%). Addi????onally, the isola????on rate (21.1%) of
Proteus spp. from smokers with OM was higher than that of nega????vely smokers (14.6%) and non smokers
(9.9%).
Conclusion: Higher isolation rate of Proteus species were recovered from patients with chronic
otitis media.

Chronic Atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a histopathological entity characterized by chronic
inflammation of the gastric mucosa with loss of gastric glandular cells and replacement by intestinaltype
epithelium and fibrous tissue. Atrophy of the gastric mucosa is the endpoint of chronic processes,
such as chronic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. This study designed to
determine the molecular role of NFkB signaling on Fas receptor mediated apoptosis in H.pylori
associated CAG cases.
Forty five patients suffering from CAG that proved via endoscopical and histopathological
examination were eligible for this study. Males represent (73.33%) and the rest (26.67%) were
females with a mean age of 39.26 years .twenty apparently healthy volunteers (10 male and 10
female) with the mean age 38 years and age range (23-58) years were enrolled as control group.
Multiple mucosal biopsy specimens were taken from the inflamed area of gastric mucosa for
rapid urease test other biopsy specimens were fixed with 10% buffered formalin for prepara????on of
paraffin embedded tissue blocks to prepare slides for histological examination using haematoxylineosin
stain to evaluate the grades of Polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNs) and lymphocytes
infiltration . Insitu hybridization technique (ISH) using biotinylated long DNA probe for human NF-KB
Gene and for human FAS gene as well as H.pylori Cag A gene were used for detection of NF-KB and
Fas mRNA and Cag A mRNA expression in tissue infiltrated lymphocytes and neutrophils as well as
gastric epithelial cells and for detection of H.pylori Cag A.
This study explained that there was a statistical significant positive linear relationship between
lymphocytes grade and Fas mRNA expression in PMNs and gastric epithelial cells. PMN grade has
significant positive linear relationship with each of the following markers: Tissue Fas mRNA
expression. Tissue NFkB mRNA expression, lymphocytes NFkB mRNA expression, PMN NFkB mRNA
expression, Cag A mRNA expression.
Lymphocytes Fas mRNA expression has significant positive linear relationship with PMN Fas
mRNA expression and Cag A mRNA expression .PMN Fas mRNA expression has significant positive
linear relationship with Cag A mRNA expression and negative linear relationship with tissue NFkB
mRNA expression . Tissue Fas mRNA expression has significant positive linear relationship with
tissue NFkB mRNA expression ; lymphocytes NFkB mRNA expression ; PMN NFkB mRNA expression
;Cag A mRNA expression . Tissue NFKB mRNA expression has significant positive linear relationship
with lymphocytes NFkB mRNA expression; PMN NFkB mRNA expression. Lymphocytes NFkB mRNA
expression has significant positive linear relationship with PMN NFkB mRNA expression.
This study conclude that NFkB play a vital role in determination of immunopathological and
inflammatory events of gastritis that leads finally to development of atrophic changes.

The present study was designed to obtain the localiza????on of (glucose transporter 3) GLUT3
and GLUT8 protein in the tes????s of diabe????c rats which were treated by aqueous extract of
Cymbopogon citratus (100 mg/kg) once daily. Diabetes induced to the labratory animals (Sprague
dawly rats) by alloxan injec????on (90 mg / kg .bw. by a single intraperitonial injec????on). The experiment
lasted for five months during which the animals were divided into diabetic and non-diabetic normal
groups. Significant increase was obtained in the localiza????on of (glucose transporter 3) GLUT3 protein
in diabe????c tes????s in all age groups, with significant decrease in both (glucose transporter 8) GLUT8
protein localization in testes in all age groups in comparisons with normal groups.
In brief the herb used in this study resulted in the increase in GLUT8 protein ( glucose
transporter 8) with decrease in GLUT3 protein ( glucose transporter 3), therefore one can conclude
that the herb might be used for the minimized the disorder of male reproductive during diabetes.

Objectives : Primary irritant contact napkin dermatitis is an inflammatory skin eruption of the napkin
area , most commonly seen in the infants between 7th and 12th month of age , and is relatively a
common skin disease all over the world , and many aetiological factors are implicated , the Jacquet’s
erosive napkin dermatitis is a rare variant form of this disease , which is an erosive form affecting the
napkin area . This study was done to describe the clinical features , possible aetiological factors ,
treatment and the prevalence of the jacquet’s erosive napkin dermatitis in Iraqi infants .
Methods : A total number of 18034 pa????ents with different skin diseases was seen in a private and
outpa????ent clinic of Baquba Teaching Hospital for the period Jan. 2004 to Nov. 2006 . 127 infants out
of this total number had primary irritant contact napkin derma????????s , and 29 infants out of this
number had erosive type , they were 15 males and 14 females , their ages ranged from 4 months to
18 month . They were complained of a rash on the napkin area , which was diagnosed clinically as
Jacquet’s erosive napkin dermatitis , and they were treated by topical clotrimazol cream three times
daily for 2-3 weeks with discon????nua????on of wearing diapers and using of topical cor????costeroids , and
followed up for 3 weeks .
Results : The study showed that both the primary irritant contact napkin dermatitis and the
Jacquet’s erosive type were a relatively rare among Iraqi patients with a different skin diseases (
0.7% and 0.16% respec????vely ) , and in those with different types of eczema and derma????????s ( 3.5%
and 0.7% respec????vely ) , but the Jacquet’s erosive type was a rela????vely common among Iraqi infants
with primary irritant contacts napkin derma????????s ( 22.8 ) , and both sex were equally affected by both
types . We thought that Jacquet’s erosive napkin dermatitis was developed as one of the
complications of rather than as a variant form of primary irritant napkin dermatitis, as a results of
using topical corticosteroids and secondary infections. The clinical features were characteristic of
that of Jacquet’s erosive napkin dermatitis with presence of friable crust. The disease was cured with
in 2-3 weeks of treatment by topical clotrimazol and discon????nua????on of wearing of diapers and using
of topical corticosteroids.
Conclusion: It was concluded that Jacquet’s erosive napkin dermatitis was a relatively common
among Iraqi infants with primary irritant contact napkin dermatitis and it was a complication, rather
than a variant form of this disease , and could be arise as a result of using topical corticosteroids and
secondary infections i.e. there was a close relation to the infantile gluteal granuloma .

Background: Measles is a serious infect ious disease in children. Despite reaching global measles
????a????????i????a????o???? ????o????e????age of ????????% of i????di????iduals, ????easles ????i????us ????MV???? ????e????ai????s the fi????h leadi????g ????ause of
death and the most common cause of vaccine-preventable death in children under 5 years of age.
Objectives: to determine the sero-epidemiological characters of the outbreak of measles among
children in Diyala province in 2009.
Subjects and methods: This study was done during the outbreak of measles in Diyala provinc ( spring
and summer of 2009) in Al-Batool hospital of Pediat rics and Gynecology at Baquba city during a 2-
????o????th pe????iod f????o???? ???? Ap????il ???????????????? to ???? Ju????e ????????????????. A sa????ple of ???????????? ????hild pa????e????ts p????ese????ted ????ith
clinically suspected measles was studied by thorough history and physical examinat ion with a
determinat ion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) ant ibodies in serum by enzyme- linked immunosorbent
assay ( ELISA) test ing for measles for each pat ient .
Results: The????e ????as ????????.????% ???????????? out of ???????????????? posi????????e ????lood sa????ples fo???? IgM of ????easles in children with
clinically evident measles. The study showed that there was no significant difference in the
dist ribut ion of children with measles posit ive by IgM according to their age and sex, according to
residency, according to mothers฀ p????e????ious ????a????cinat ion status or previous infect ion with measles. On
the other hand, the study revealed that the dist ribut ion of IgM posit ive measles was significant ly
more (p<0.05) in children who did not receive previous measles vaccine than those who received
vaccinat ion, and in children with low & medium economic status families than those with good
status, respect ively.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the single serum assay of IgM ant ibodies by ELISA test ing has
medium sensit ivity in the diagnosis of measles in children, there is an increasing suscept ibility of
infect ion with measles for infant less than one year of age and for children with poor family
economic status.

Objectives :The aim of this study is to show the pattern of ischemic heart disease (IHD) cases
admitted to CCU in Baquba teaching hospital and to study IHD cases in relation to certain variables
(risk factors) which include age , sex , residency , occupation , physical activity , smoking , diabetes
mellitus (DM) , hypertension and obesity.
Methods :The study included 200 pa????ents with IHD who were admi????ed to CCU in Baquba teaching
hospital in a period of 3 months from 1st. February to 30th. April 2008 . We registered the risk
factors of IHD as age , sex , DM , hypertension , smoking , obesity , physical inactivity and residency .
Results :This study showed that most of IHD cases were diagnosed as unstable angina (52%)
followed by myocardial infarc????on (MI) (37%) and the remaining cases were angina pectoris (11%) .
IHD was more in males (56%) .Most cases were between (46-65) years old (57.5%) .
IHD was more in urban (70.5%) . Smokers were (31.5%) , diabe????cs (25%) , hypertensive
(54%) , Obesity (41%) , physical inac????vity (59.5%)
Conclusion :This study showed the pattern of IHD cases admitted to CCU in Baquba teaching hospital
and the relation of risk factors and there percentage to IHD. So prevention, modification and
improvement of risk factors can decrease numbers and severity of IHD in society .

Needle st ick injuries (NSIs), also referred to as sharps injuries, percutaneous injuries and sharps
exposures, represent accidental breaks in the skin with needles, scalpels or other sharp objects that
have been in contact with a source pat ient 's blood or ????od???? fluids[????]. Blood ????o????????e i????fe????????o????s ha????e
????ee???? ????e????og????ized as a???? o????????upa????o????al haza????d fo???? ????ea????l???? ???????? ????ea????s [????]. Ho????e????e????, it is o????l???? i???? the last ????????
years that there has been a widespread recognit ion of the specific risk posed to health care workers
( HCWs ) by blood borne viruses such as hepat it is B, C and human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ).
While as many as twenty blood borne pathogens can be t ransmit ted through accidental needle
s????????ks, [????] the pote????????all???? life th????eate????i????g a????e ????HIV????, hepa????????s B ????i????us ????HBV) and hepat it is C virus
(HCV). A health care worker's chance of cont ract ing HIV after an HIV-infected accidental needle
s????????ks is o????e i???? ????????????, ????hile the ????ha????????e of ????o????t????a????????????g HBV a????e???? a???? a????????ide????tal ????eedle s????????ks is o????e i????
????????. The ????ha????????es of ????o????t????a????????????g HCV after an HCV-????o????ta????i????ated a????????ide????tal ????eedle s????????ks a????e????age ????.????
in 100 [4].
There is lack of informat ion about the various factors that cause accidents with needles. Surveillance
programs that provide in-depth analysis of needle st ick accidents are important tool for obtaining
this informat ion.
The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence and the circumstance of NSI among a
group of health care workers in Baquba teaching hospital as well as their knowledge, at t itude and
pract ices regarding the use of protect ive st rategies against exposure to blood-borne pathogens
(standard isolat ion precaut ions, double gloving and post -exposure prophylaxis).

The aim of the present work is to assess UV-spectrophotometric method for the effect of superficial Xrays
on the tinidazole compound in two forms, solid and aqueous solution . Both acceleration potentials
of 120 kVp and 160 kVp exert a pronounced effect on aqueous solution of tinidazole at different
concentrations represented by changes in optic density of tinidazole . The effect of superficial X-rays on
the solid form of tinidazole is less than that observed with the aqueous preparation . It concluded
from these that tinidazole is radiosensitive compound and several protection measurements should be
used to prevent its hydrolysis .

Background: Human lymphocytes can be isolated from whole blood by cent rifugat ion using a
commercially available high-density medium. This allows a single step gradient separat ion of blood,
which yields the mononuclear cell ,the lymphocyte can be cultured specifically and will outgrow the
others, eventually result ing in highly enriched populat ion.
Objective: this series of experiments were done as a t rial to establish a new method for preparat ion
of lymphocytes cell line.
Methods: the same protocols were applied to all individuals, they were separated in to two groups:-
Group 1:- one ml of heparinized blood were cultured in t issue culture flask containing 9 ml of
s????????ula????o???? ????ediu???? a????d i????????u????ated i???? ????ssue ????ultu????e flasks at ????????ºC (4) . The flasks were subcultured at
37 OC in CO2 incubator every 3 days.
Group 2:- Mononuclear cells were separated from whole blood, washed, counted, assessed for
viability, then 1 ml of 2x106 cells were cultured in t issue culture flask containing st imulat ion medium
a????d. The flask ????as i????????u????ated at ???????? OC in CO2 incubator for 3 days. Another 1ml of mononuclear cells
????as ????ultu????ed i???? ????ssue ????ultu????e flask ????o????tai????i????g ????????l of growth medium, the flasks were incubated at
37 OC in CO2 incubator for 3 days.For both groups the cell cultures were propagated and maintained.
Results: After init iat ion of cell culture for both groups, the mononuclear cell cultures were
maintained up for 3 weeks, pure rich mononuclear cells were obtained and seen under inverted
microscope.
Conclusion: a new method for establishment of lymphoblast cell line were developed by cult ivat ion
of lymphocyte from whole blood . pure rich lymphocytes culture were obtained and maintained.

A total of thirty-two adult rat (Sprague Dawely) of both sexes weighing 250-350 g were used in this
study. These were classified equally and randomly into two groups;
Group (A) and group (B). All the animals were exposed to induction of left sciatic nerve crush injury by
using fine forceps after application of surgical procedures. Rats in Group (A) were left to be survive for
15 , 30 , 90 , and 180 days post crush ,p.c (four animals per each period) and considered as control
animal. Group (B)were injected by Acetyl Salicylic acid (ASA) 25 mg\kg as anti-inflammatory drug for
successive 14 days p.c and le???? to be survive for 15 , 30 , 90 , and 180 day p.c (four animals per each
period) Histological examining and statistical analysis of the nerve specimens for all Survival periods of
both groups indicated that application of ASA in case of group (B)gave longer internodes and
diameter of the regenerated nerve fibers a????er 180 day p.c when compared with that of control group
at the same period, the mean inter nodal length of the nerve fibers of group (B) a????er 180 day was
396 μm , and its mean diameter was 8.4 μm while the mean inter nodal length of the nerve fibers of
group (A) a????er 180 day was 277 μm and its mean diameter was 7.2 μm. The result of the present study
demonstrated that applica????on of ASA for 14 day intramuscularly and con????nuously in group (B)
improved the regeneration of the injured nerve fibers better than the untreated group (A) and this
may reflect the role of ASA to suppress the signs and complication of inflammatory process at the site
of sciatic nerve injury , so enhance the re grow of new nerve fibers faster and better than the control
group (A).

Background: A????ute osteo????????eli????s is al????ost i????????a????ia????l???? a disease of ????hild????e???? [????]. The ????ausal o????ga????is???? is
usuall???? staph????lo????o????????us au????eus [????]. The p????i????a???????? site of i????fe????????o???? is the ????etaph????sis, ????he????e the ????lood
flo???? ????e????o????es sluggish i???? the ????apilla???????? loops [????]. The a????ute, fo????al bone pain is often, but not always,
a????????o????pa????ied ???????? s????ste????i???? fi????di????gs of fe????e???? o???? ????alaise.[????] WBC ????ith diffe????e????????al, sed ????ate, C ????ea????????????e
protein, and plain radiographs are init ially obtained, and technet ium imaging is helpful if there is
doubt about the diagnosis. The non-invasive nature of ult rasound and the lack of a need for sedat ion
????ake the diag????os???????? i????agi????g a less t????au????a???????? e????pe????ie????????e fo???? the ????hild [????]
Case presentation:???? ????ea????s old ????hild ad????i????ed to the pediat????i???? u????it , he t????eated the????e as a ????ase of
gast roenterit is and chest infect ion. The child referred to the orthopedic outpat ient unit , US
examinat ion of the lower limbs revealed fluid collect ion around the lower ends of both
femora.drainage of huge amount of pus from both femora revealed heavy growth of staph aureus
bacteria.
Conclusion and recommendation:High index of suspicion of osteomyelit is is a must and bilateral
symmet rical presentat ion should be expected and t reated accordingly.

This study is carried out to determine the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iraqi
children below sixteen years old in Tikrit during December-2005. From 489 pa????ents a????ended Tikrit
teaching hospital, 83 (17%) of them were having cutaneous leishmainasis. Fi????y one of them were
males (61.4%), and thirty two (38.6%) were females. Total number of lesions were 114, and the dry
lesions cons????tute 78 (68.4 %) of them while, 36 (31.6%) of them were wet. 52.6% of the lesions were
in the face, 26.4% of the lesions were in the lower limb, 2.6% of the lesions were in the abdomen,
chest, and upper arm, and only 0.8% were in the scalp. Three cases had combined visceral and
cutaneous leishmaniasis. A new epidemic of cutaneous leishmainasis had occurred in Iraq at end of
2005 and affects almost all ages and preferen????ally children and adolescents. Dry lesions were more
.common than wet lesions

Objectives : This study was conducted for est imat ion of associat ion between Parent 's , infant 's
characterist ics & mother's characterist ics , with serocoversion rate after measles live virus
????a????????i????a????o???? a????o????g i????fa????ts aged ????-12 months .
Subjects and Methods: A cross –sect ional study, was conducted in a selected primary health care
centers in Diyala Governorate. The study sample included 117 infants (56 males & 61 females), aged
9-???????? ????o????ths, sele????ted at a ????a????do???? du????i????g thei???? ????ou????????e ????a????????i????a????o????, fo???? the pe????iod e????te????di????g f????o????
the 1st of February/ 2007 to the 31st Ja????ua????????/????????????????. A???????? ????easles IgG a????????????odies ????A????s????, ????e????e dete????ted
in the serum by Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay, using "Dade Behring" standard test kit .
Results: The results revealed that the mean & geomet ric mean measles IgG Abs t iters, before
????easles ????a????????i????a????o???? ????e????e ????ega????????e ????????ut off= ????ha????ged to a posi????????e ????alue ????????ut off= >????????????????IU/????l- remained in a negat ive level. Significant associat ion was limited to few paternal, maternal and child's
characterist ics with measles seroconversion.
Conclusion & recommendations: The study concluded that the main effect for seroconversion, was
vaccinat ion with measles vaccine rather than parental & infant characterist ics, and recommended
empowerment of st rategy for health educat ion for measles vaccinat ion.

Impetigo a Bacterioldgecal Study in Baquba City Diyala Province - Iraq

Background: Routine use of nasogastric tubes, after abdominal operations, is intended to hasten the
return of bowel function, prevent pulmonary complications, diminish the risk of anastomotic
leakage, increase patient comfort and shorten hospital stay.
Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of routine nasogastric decompression after abdominal
surgery, in achieving each of the above goals.
Patients and methods: Two hundred and twelve patients having abdominal operations of any type,
emergency and elective have been reviewed prospectively over a period of three years (December
2004_December 2007) in Baghdad teaching hospital, they were randomized to receive a nasogastric
tube and keep it in place until intestinal function have been returned, and those receiving no tube or
immediately removed following operation. Excluded from the study, were laparoscopic surgeries ,
gastric and duodenal surgeries.
Results: 1- Earlier return of bowel function and shorter hospital stay in the non tube group.
2-No significant statistical differences concerning the occurrence of postoperative vomiting,
pulmonary complications, and anastamotic leakage.
3-There was significant discomfort in the tube group.
Conclusions:Routine nasogastric decompression does not accomplish any of its intended goals and
so should be abandoned in favor of selective use of nasogastric tube.

Background: In the process of bone formation and healing of fractures, the bone marrow as a source
of osteoprogenitor cellswhich are the most important factor in this process . The aim of this study is
to show the effect of bone marrow injection in management of delayed union and non-union.
Patients and methods: Twenty one patients with delayed union and non union were treated by
bone marrow injection. Most of cases have compound fractures of the long bones. The bone
marrow were aspirated from the anterior or posterior iliac crests and then injected percutaneously
into the fracture site.
Results: Full union was achieved in 15 cases, while failed in the others. The mean ????me for union was
20 weeks; no major complica????ons were seen during or a????er the procedure.
Conclusion: The usage of bone marrow injection in the treatment of delayed union and non-union is
a safe, easy and a minimally invasive procedure, compared to usual open bone graft especially for
cases with high risk of anesthesia or risk of infection.

Background: In the process of bone formation and healing of fractures, the bone marrow as a source
of osteoprogenitor cellswhich are the most important factor in this process . The aim of this study is
to show the effect of bone marrow injection in management of delayed union and non-union.
Patients and methods: Twenty one patients with delayed union and non union were treated by
bone marrow injection. Most of cases have compound fractures of the long bones. The bone
marrow were aspirated from the anterior or posterior iliac crests and then injected percutaneously
into the fracture site.
Results: Full union was achieved in 15 cases, while failed in the others. The mean ????me for union was
20 weeks; no major complica????ons were seen during or a????er the procedure.
Conclusion: The usage of bone marrow injection in the treatment of delayed union and non-union is
a safe, easy and a minimally invasive procedure, compared to usual open bone graft especially for
cases with high risk of anesthesia or risk of infection.