Zanco Journal of Human Sciences

Forms of Contemporary Poetry in Jalal Barzanji's Poems

Muhammad Shakr Abdulkarim Dllgash Samad Rasul Kamaran Aba-bakr Khudhur Khoshnaw
Directorate of Education, Shaqlawa, General Directorate of Education-Erbil, Ministry of Education Directorate of Education, Banslawa
General Directorate of Education Erbil, Ministry of Education – Erbil Department of Kurdish language, College of Education, Salahuddin University-Erbil/ Shaqlawa, Kurdistan Region,Iraq
Muhammad2001sh14@gmail.com
Dllgash17samad@gmail.com
kamaran.khudhur@su.edu.krd

Of course, every literary text in general and poetry in particular has two aspects and has (form) and (content). be of great importance, on the other hand; Forms of text, especially poetry, are constantly changing and are a reason for poets to renew themselves, which is a reason for the continuity of the genre. Therefore, contemporary Kurdish poetry has many special forms and poets' poems fall into one or more forms of this genre. In this study, we have tried to discuss many forms of contemporary poetry and poetic texts (Jalal Barzanji) as evidence of the form, because he has experience (at home and abroad) and tried to go with the needs of the period, in his texts is always in renewal and innovation, which has made him attract the attention of European countries Globalization has gone.

Applied linguistics and its topics has received a vital attention among the world’s languages in contrary in Kurdish language it has less taken into consideration especially "Speech Disorder" which is one of the fields of applied psycholinguistics. In this regard, this paper which is devoted to the "Speech Disorder - Sounds Articulation as Example" is an attempt to demonstrate the concept and significant aspects, with describing its categories and factors, because the process of producing linguistic sounds is challenging. Furthermore, issues at this level are problematic in other levels. However, research in this field in all its forms and levels is a scientific and contemporary subject, so it has its particular value. On the other hand, studying it is involving linking between linguistics and other specialties such as biology, clinics, psychology and sociology because these areas indicate the issues and their solutions.
Descriptive analysis method has been implemented in this study. The outline and list of contents of the study consists of this abstract in addition to a preface and two sections The first section is a gate to "introduce speech disorder and its causes and its consequences". The second section aims "Speech disorder in voicing sounds and their solutions" which focuses on a part of deficiencies that occur during uttering sounds in addition to identify appropriate solutions. The study concludes with the obtained results and bibliography.

This research attempts to investigate the impact of economic violence against women on family disintegration. It is an analytical study of the opinions of women in the women’s shelter - Erbil, considering economic violence as an independent variable (work and profession, salary and sources of income, property and inheritance) represented, as well as family arrangement as a dependent variable represented by dimensions (Domestic violence, divorce, absence of a husband). The main objective of this study is to determine the extent to which economic violence against women affects family disintegration and family conflict and its impact on the societal system in general.
To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers relied on the descriptive and analytical approach. In the descriptive approach, a selected group of women in the women’s shelter - Erbil was discussed and identified, even though the number of women in the women’s shelter was (47). They were relied upon as data collection tools.
The study reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which is that the theoretical relationship between the variable of economic violence as an independent variable and family disintegration as a dependent variable is a direct relationship. Finally, the study recommends establishing training institutions and teaching appropriate economic treatment for new families in the Women’s Control Directorate as a condition for marriage.

This research paper is devoted to the topic of (Single and Pair Representation between Lexicon and Grammar). The work can be summarized in that the structure and the output that are the lexicon's projects and products, despite their existence at any level of grammatical structure. However, it is expected that the structure and the segments that compose it differ in the lexicon and the grammar, as the lexical items are stored in a single form in the lexicon. As for the grammatical sub-constituent, they are constructed as a set to generate a flawless project. The study has reached the conclusion that it is not possible for any lexical item to have a grammatical function on its own, but rather any grammatical project follows the pair representation system and thus applies the principle of binary. Otherwise, subject to conditions (lexical, definitional, functional), the conditions and opportunities for the function of the single form will be provided to them. Therefore, in this case, the single representation of grammatical structures is embodied with conditions.

"Samaa" represents a recent phenomenon in the Islamic mystical literature. "Samaa" is becoming more popular among those who follow Moulana's mystical teachings. This article explains how "Samaa" is important in mystical writings, serving as a powerful way to express deep feelings and spiritual encounters. It talks about how it can make people feel drawn to it or sometimes push them away, and how it can change them inside, often bringing them closer to the divine. Moulana's greatest gift to the Divan-e Shams is "Samaa," offering a profound way to discover truth and connect fully with the divine. His masterpiece, "The Mesnevi of Jaziri," is a standout example of ecstatic and mystical writing, reflecting the spirit of "Samaa" throughout, especially in poems like "The Ecstatic Dance" and "The Yearning." This study aims to explain how he uses this technique and what it means.
This paper has two main parts: first, it looks at "Samaa" in Islamic mysticism, discussing its meaning and how it relates to key Sufi ideas. It also talks about the different kinds of Samaa gatherings and how they're connected. Then, in the second part, it compares how Moulana Rumi and Jaziri approach Samaa in their poetry, drawing conclusions and highlighting important points.

The general objective of the research is to clarify the role of digital marketing and its dimensions represented in (attraction, communication, participation, retention and learning) in activating Socio-cultural festivals) according to the opinions of tourism leaders in the city of Erbil.
To achieve the objectives of the research, researchers distributed the questionnaire form to leaders from the concerned authorities, where their number reached (48) leaders. To test the hypotheses, the research depended on a program of the statistical package for social sciences v.26 SPSS
The research found that there is a strong relationship between digital marketing and community cultural festivals and the impact of digital marketing on the activity of Socio-cultural festivals. The research recommends that stakeholders integrate and standardize the establishment of festivals to increase the effectiveness of festivals and increase the marketing process successfully, through the exchange of experiences and information among them.

The writings of the great international thinker Edward Said about the intellectual and his role in society related to the essence of understanding and other concepts, and one of these concepts is the concept of criticism, as talking about the intellectual now without criticism is something that is overflowing with content. Our study examines the role of the great Kurdish writer Aziz Gardi and his status as an intellectual and academic in the light of the views of Edward Said. Aziz Gardi was able to create an identity for himself, and this is due to his creativity and critical role in the political, social and cultural fields.
This study consists of two chapters. In the first chapter, as a theoretical chapter; It deals with a number of concepts, such as identity, intellectual and power. The second chapter is an applied chapter. We discuss the role of Aziz Gardi in Kurdish society, through several axes, including the intellectual and certification, the intellectual and specialty, the intellectual and national culture. Finally, we present the results in the conclusion

In the field of international relations, sharp power is a recent and significant topic that influences relations between nations. This paper, "Sharp Power in the Foreign Policy of the People's Republic of China Towards the Federal Republic of Iraq 2017-2024," aims to discuss sharp power in China's foreign policy towards Iraq. The study is significant since it addresses a topic at the academic and scientific level, even though it hasn't undergone the necessary amount of research. This study aims to define sharp power, and then go on to discuss its characteristics and instruments, as well as the areas of cooperation between the Federal Republic of Iraq and the People's Republic of China, based on this, the study aims to respond to the following central question: What is the impact of sharp power on the People's Republic of China's foreign policy toward the Federal Republic of Iraq? The study uses a descriptive and content analysis approach based on secondary sources to address this question by presenting the People's Republic of China's policy towards Iraq between 2017 and 2024. To explain goals and the main themes, this paper is divided into three main sections, the first section focuses on sharp power in international relations. The second section sheds light on the sharp power in China's foreign policy. The third section discusses the sharp power in relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Iraq. In conclusion, this study reached several conclusions, the most important of which is: the use of sharp force by the People's Republic of China against the Federal Republic of Iraq, through various mechanisms, to impose hegemony and create more influence over it.

The research which has been devoted to a topic entitled The Process of Productivity and Elements in the Formation of Compound words in Kurdish and Persian aims to identify the process of compounding and its productivity in Kurdish and Persian. The steps of the research has been designed to determine this process and its productivity, along with the elements involved in compounding, and their roles in the formation of compound words. Successively, the same basis has been applied to Persian. The research has found out that the process and morphological elements of Kurdish related to the formation of compounds, and the resulting compounds and alternative morphological forms used in formation are compared. In contrast, in Persian, the process of formation is less active and the language depends on the hegemony of Arabic and the process of borrowing from that language. The research, despite using descriptive and analytical method, has compared these two languages. As previously mentioned, the research material has been taken from both standard Kurdish and Persian.
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The current study is an attempt to explore the role of media marketing in sensitizing the electronic consumer. In addition to the practical framework which takes the viewpoints of a sample of representative employees working in the airlines in the city of Erbil, the present study also attempts to provide a novel theoretical framework to demonstrate what the other authors and researchers have already done regarding the variables of the research. In this study, media marketing has been treated as an independent variable having its minor aspects which are media producer, media price, and media disseminate, and media promotion, which have gained wide attention in the recent years. The electronic consumer has been considered a dependent variable since this topic has become one of the requirements which the organizations (i.e., the companies) are trying to provide in their employees in order to achieve the objectives.
This study attempts to answer the research questions which make up the theoretical as well as practical research problems firstly, and testing the hypothetical sample, the relation and impact between the dependent and independent variables, secondly. This research has been conducted in the City of Erbil on the employees of 16 airlines which included 48 individuals. A questionnaire has been used for collecting the relevant data of the fieldwork aspect of the research using a number of suitable statistical styles in verifying the hypotheses and highly relying on SPSS IBM v.26. The conclusions verify the majority of the hypotheses in various degrees. The research has arrived at a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a strong relationship between the variable’s media marketing and electronic consumer. This shows the significance of the variables and the dimensions of the study for the companies under scrutiny. The study also has arrived at the number of recommendations. Mainly, the management of the airlines are recommended to adopt media marketing via paying attention to its different and similar aspects, such as media producer, media price, media dissemination, and media promotion. This is just to sensitize and communicate via responding to the needs of the electronic consumers.

The title of the research is (Semantic fields in Nawbar Ahmad Khani), the dictionary is small in size, and is considered the first Kurdish dictionary composed in the form of educational poetry to teach children the Arabic language. We chose this dictionary to show the fields that the author wanted the Kurdish child to learn. The method followed in the research is the descriptive method in classifying the lexical fields. The research was completed in two main axes. In the first, we dealt with the theoretical aspect of the study, while the second axis was devoted to dividing the lexical fields in the dictionary.

This paper employs critical discourse analysis to examine the ideology present in Judy Blume's "Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing." Critical discourse analysis offers a robust analytical framework for exploring the interplay between discourse and ideology, shedding light on how ideologies are generated, reflected, and contested through language use. This paper endeavors to conduct a rigorous examination of ideology, seeking to offer a nuanced comprehension of the underlying ideologies present in the text mentioned above. The primary objective is to elucidate the potential ramifications of these ideologies for the prospect of instigating meaningful social change.
This study acknowledges the pivotal role of discourse in not only acquiring but also perpetuating ideologies. It delves into the specific mechanisms through which discourse can challenge and subsequently modify prevailing ideological frameworks, recognizing the intricate interplay between language and the evolution of societal beliefs. By engaging in this analysis, the paper contributes to the broader academic discourse on the importance of ideology in children's literature, highlighting the significance of examining and critiquing the ideologies embedded within such texts. Ultimately, this study aims to promote inclusive, diverse, and socially conscious literature that empowers young readers and contributes to a more equitable and just society through learned lessons caused by hidden ideologies in the specific story “Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing.”

This study is centered around the prevalent and ongoing debate on using students’ mother tongue in English language teaching. Therefore, this study is aimed at exploring the current status of Kurdish language use in the target high schools as typical EFL teaching contexts in the Erbil province of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region where up-to-date research is not available. The study further investigates the sample high school students’ attitudes towards their mother tongue use in preferred English teaching practices. Achieving these aims was approached through a mixed method approach where both qualitative (field observation notes) and quantitative (students’ questionnaire) data collection tools were utilized. The ‘field notes’ were utilized to record the observed mother tongue functions and purposes in the classroom. Whereas the questionnaire was used to elicit students’ perceptions and attitudes towards using Kurdish as their mother tongue in English teaching practices. Among the outstanding findings of the study is that students’ expectations for mother tongue use are satisfied in the sample high school teaching practices. In addition, the purposes for which their mother tongue is used cover various areas, including facilitating language teaching, maintaining classroom discipline, and fostering a secure psychological atmosphere in the classroom.

Hypertension is a common and serious disease, and for this reason, a sample of patients was chosen from Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok. In this study a comparison was made between Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) with two robust methods Least Trimmed Square Estimator (LTS) and the Modified Maximum likelihood type estimator (MM), they were evaluated using two types of criteria represented by error criteria (MSE, MAPE, MSAE, SAZ1, SAZ2,) and information criteria (AIC, BIC). Criteria have played a fundamental role in the statistics field and at the same time have applied to obtain the lowest rate of errors as well as to get the optimal solutions. The Modified Maximum likelihood type estimator method showed high efficiency in calculating values by most criteria, with exception of the SAS2 criteria, which recorded as the best value using the Least Trimmed Square Estimator method, and the (MSE) criteria, which showed best value using the Ordinary least squares method.”

Despite 12 years of English education, Kurdish university students, particularly those living in suburban towns, face persistent challenges in learning a foreign language, hindering their academic aspirations. This study focuses on students who live in Chamchamal and its surrounding areas and identifies key obstacles such as systemic school issues, the previous educational environment, and demotivational factors, whether from their parents or the community. This study uses a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and interviews with students and teachers to assess English language challenges and the impact of educational environments in Chamchamal. Data collected from 30 students reveal that shyness significantly hinders language acquisition, teacher behavior affects learning outcomes, and a lack of student enthusiasm impedes progress. The study challenges claims about the impact of power dynamics and library access, offering valuable insights into the challenges faced by suburban town students in learning English. It also proposes solutions to enhance English language learning and aims to raise awareness among students' families about the issues affecting their children's acquisition of English as a foreign language. This study aims to explore the linguistic challenges faced by university students in Chamchamal, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, and offer targeted recommendations to improve their English language proficiency

Reading is one of the essential skills to learn a new language. In the process of learning a new language, most students are facing difficulties in reading. Major difficulties encountered among students are the lack of students’ motivation in reading comprehension, the lack of using reading strategies, and the lack of deep knowledge in cultural background and linguistics. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the factors that limit student’s ability to improve their reading comprehension skills. It also attempts to find solutions and identify some significant strategies to overcome the difficulties. Reading comprehension is one of the required skills for university students that is essential to be improved through different learning strategies. To conduct the research, the quantitative research approach was applied, and samples were taken from college students enrolled at the College of Basic Education, English department. The result of the study suggests that using different strategies by the EFL students assist them to comprehend reading easily. The study recommends students to spend more time to be familiar with the factors that affect their reading comprehension, and instructors should be aware of their students’ weakness in reading, and design and update their module description according to the student’s learning ability.