journal of kufa studies center

The study aimed to identify the nature of modern wars and the most important means used in them, and to reveal the impact of modern wars on the security of Egyptian society, as well as to monitor rumors as an effective mechanism in modern wars, in addition to developing some proposals to reduce modern wars and work to confront them. The study used the descriptive-analytical method, and relied on the questionnaire as a data collection tool, and was applied to a sample of (114) male and female students from the fourth year of the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, Mansoura University. The study reached several results, including that The most important effects of modern wars on the security of Egyptian society are the electronic recruitment of youth by terrorist groups, the spread of rumors and chaos, the spread of extremist religious thought, and the generation of ideas that harm society.

The research aimed to highlight the importance of internal public debt and the extent of its impact on banking stability indicators by analyzing and demonstrating the importance of each of them in achieving the stability of the Iraqi banking sector, as well as measuring the impact of internal public debt on banking stability indicators represented by (capital adequacy, asset quality, profitability, exchange rate risk, liquidity) during the period (2010/2018).
The standard analysis method was used for the purpose of showing the impact of internal public debt on Iraqi banking stability indicators during the research period, through the use of SPSS 23 software.
The researchers concluded that there is a significant impact of internal public debt on banking stability indicators in Iraq, as the internal public debt was inversely related to the indicators of profitability and exchange rate risk, and a direct relationship with the index of capital adequacy, asset quality and liquidity.

This study was conducted on a sample of commercial banks in Iraq, which were selected according to several bases, namely three private commercial banks, and to identify the activity of commercial banks in Iraq by reaching and approaching the strengths and weaknesses of their performance and identifying their competitiveness.
The main objective of the study is to analyze the competitiveness and its importance in the Iraqi commercial banking sector in raising the efficiency of the financial sector and increasing its financial returns, which in turn contributes to increasing investment potential, which reflects positively on the economic sector in general, and to diagnose the factors that contribute to increasing the competitiveness of banks and their efficiency in achieving returns for both owners, depositors and investors dealing with them.
The results showed that the banks in the research sample have limited competitiveness through the indicators of safety and liquidity, so the Iraqi banking system must pay attention to openness and keep pace with global banking developments in order to develop financial performance and identify the strengths and weaknesses to reach a sound banking sector.

In light of the economic, political and social devastation after World War II, the German economic thought arena sought to find a basic starting point for the treatment of National Socialism in West Germany, the erasure of the previous ideological Nazi period, and the complete restructuring of economic society within the European project, which happened within the framework of the German economic miracle that was achieved after the Second World War, and the revival and continuation of it according to the Urdu liberal approach, the policy of Ludwig Erhard, and the sustainability of Ermak, and until now, to make Germany the fifth largest The world's largest economy, accounting for one-fifth of the EU's GDP, leading European trade and an investment partner of the United States, and achieving a high standard of living for its population, are logical consequences of the philosophical shift in successful economic policymaking and its integration into the social market economy.

The research deals with the new artistic forms that have occurred in the Arab novel in general and the Qatari novel in particular in recent decades, as they have formed an essential dimension in it, for reasons related to the social, cultural, political, and life changes that have occurred in the Arab reality. The Arabic novel has come as an embodiment of the Arab reality in all its variables.
The narrative interforms of these writers were also an expression of the attempts to renew the novel form through two dimensions: the first, concerned with drawing inspiration from the qualitative forms introduced in the novel text, including the historical, folkloric, documentary, and mythological form, and the second, concerned with the typographic formation of the novel form, represented by the typographic formation of the cover, the typographic formation of letters and titles, and the typographic formation of paintings and specific forms.
We have applied these dimensions to the novel "The Pirate" by Abdulaziz Al Mahmoud, as it is one of the Arabic novels in Qatar that expressed the historical formation on the one hand and the typography on the other.

The research aims to reveal the exponential effort of Sheikh Imam al-Hafiz al-Muhaddith, historian and commentator Abu al-Faraj Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Jawzi (d. 597 AH) in his interpretation of "Zad al-Ma'ad fi al-Tafsir", and the sample of the research is represented in the thirtieth part of the Holy Qur'an.
The research adopts the analytical method that is based on analyzing texts, comparing the opinions of commentators, and identifying the views of Ibn al-Jawzi and his graphic efforts in interpreting the texts of the research sample.
The research reached many results, most notably that the author's approach to his interpretation was a traditional approach that corresponds to the approach of his predecessors and contemporaries of scholars of interpretation in referring to the reasons for the revelation, mentioning Qur'anic readings, presenting grammatical and linguistic issues, and transmitting the interpretive opinions of previous and contemporary scholars and commentators, and this may be followed by what he sees, inclines to, or prefers to other opinions.

Hassan Ali Mansour is one of the prominent politicians in the history of Iran, who adopted two main things in his life, namely building a young intellectual elite that believes in societal change according to the Western model and loyalty to the Shah, and benefiting from them in developing administrative and economic institutions, advancing the reality of the Iranian individual and addressing his material problems, and second, joining the West and allying with it, especially the United States of America, which was involved in moving the compass of positions in accordance with its supreme interests.
The Progressive Group represented the first nucleus and the basic building block of the Progressive Center, which took upon itself the responsibility of finding effective solutions to reduce the economic crises faced by the Iranian government at the time, until its ideas were approved and admired by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and accordingly, he ordered the Progressive Center to be an economic office in which he personally went.

The basic principle in penal judgments is that the trial judge is completely free to build rational reasons on his emotional conviction through whenever he obtains evidence on the subject of the case, and in order for the penal judgment to be valid, the premises or factual reasons on which the trial judge relied in his judgment must be valid in accordance with the rules of reason and logic to achieve the conclusion he has reached.
The main problem that the study seeks to solve lies in finding legislative means to address the error in the inference that marred the penal judgment, by defining the inference and addressing the impact of the logical reasoning carried out by the judge when he is in the process of understanding the fact and the evidence in the subject matter of the case, whether inductive or inferential inference, is incorrect, in light of the absence of a legislative text in the Iraqi Code of Criminal Procedure No. (23) of 1971 amended to address this situation.

Military laws and regulations impose on all members of the armed forces an obligation to provide correct information and not to mislead it, especially when they submit reports, statements or official papers related to the job or service. This crime is considered deliberate, and requires the intention of the soldier to carry out or mediate the act of presenting or organizing, knowing the nature of the report, statement or papers and that they are related to the military service or function.

The research aims to shed light on and identify the Time-Guided Reference Comparison (TDBM) technique as it is one of the modern technologies by relying on time-oriented activity-based (TDABC) technology information to enhance the reference comparison procedures between hospitals (the research sample) and make it more effective compared to the traditional reference comparison. The study was applied in the health sector for a sample of hospitals, namely Middle Euphrates Teaching Hospital and Al-Imam Al-Sajjad Hospital, using the case study of each hospital. The most important conclusions are that TDABC addresses the shortcomings of the activity-based costing system, which is easy to implement and also useful for allocating and managing indirect cost and cost used in activities expressed in units of time, as it is limited to time and cost per unit of activity.

The research aims to identify the strategy of disaster risk management in its dimensions (risk retention, risk transfer, risk control and control) and its reflection on the fire insurance portfolio of the National General Insurance Company, represented by its dimensions (outputs and inputs), and the first aspect included a presentation of the previous Arab and foreign literature of books, researches, and university theses on its subject, while the second research community is represented by the National General Insurance Company, which amounted to (80) individuals representing branch managers, department managers, division officials, and for the purpose of reaching The results were used to include two strategic variables, disaster risk management and the financial fire portfolio, and the statistical program SPSS-Ver (26) was relied on for the purpose of testing the hypotheses of correlation and impact between the research variables, and a set of results were reached, the most important of which is the existence of an effect between the disaster risk management strategy and the financial fire portfolio of the insurance company.

The topic of employee empowerment emerges as an effective tool through which it is possible to bring about changes in the method of work management in order to achieve the highest level of efficiency and effectiveness in performance, so the research aims to determine the effect of employee empowerment in improving banking performance, and for the purpose of achieving this, the research relied on both the variable of employee empowerment and the variable of banking performance, where the research tried to provide a theoretical framework in light of the most important issues addressed by writers and researchers about the research variables, as well as providing an analytical practical framework. This sample included administrative leaders and employees in Iraqi private banks, and the sample size reached (165) respondents. The research concluded a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the banks in the research sample do not pay attention in terms of opening the door of dialogue with employees and taking their opinions, as well as do not give importance to the participation of employees in drawing the strategic plans and objectives of the bank through their suggestions and opinions, which would lead to improving banking performance.

The study aims to show the impact of the quality of financial reports on the decisions of investors in Iraqi commercial banks, as investors are looking for companies whose financial reports are characterized by quality, and to achieve the research objective, the level of quality of financial reports of commercial banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange for the period (2010-2019) was measured through the use of the measures of the qualitative characteristics of accounting information represented by the two main characteristics of appropriateness, honest representation and the appropriate timing reinforcement feature. Investors' decisions were also measured based on the value of the traded shares of each company during the year, and the most important conclusions of the study are that quality financial reports through their above-mentioned qualities affect investors' decisions.

This research aims to study the provisions of estimating the seriousness of the sub-plea of unconstitutionality in the Arab constitutional review systems, including the concept of the seriousness of the sub-payment, the criteria for estimating its seriousness, the entities that have the right to this assessment, and the mechanisms of appealing their decisions.
The study reached several conclusions, most notably that the Arab legislation regulating constitutional review suffers from a legislative deficiency in accurately regulating the provisions for assessing the seriousness of the sub-defense of unconstitutionality, and that jurisprudence and the judiciary have not been able to control an accurate concept of seriousness in the sub-defense of unconstitutionality and the criteria it determines.

The use of information and communication technologies by countries is no longer new, as capitalist countries have worked to employ supercomputers and electronic devices in collecting and retrieval data and information related to their business, and they have nowadays added with electronic applications with superior capabilities and capabilities in most institutions in their daily work, and they carry with them enormous possibilities to know political actions and activities at the domestic and international levels, and information technology is one of the modern and contemporary methods that employ the capabilities of its beneficiaries. Units and organizations have resorted to the use of advanced informatics, which contributed to the generation of knowledge and facilitated communication networks in the process of transferring ideas and information between individuals and institutions, within the framework of their prominent role in enriching the intellectual and cognitive aspect of human resources to make accurate decisions.

Ibn al-Hajib (646 AH) wrote the sufficient grammar as a prose system, and he was one of the first grammarians to explain it and called his explanation of it (Explanation of the Sufficient Introduction in Syntax), and this explanation contains many of the grammatical languages of the Arabs, and the research has focused on these languages, as the commentator attributed them to their owners at times, and at other times describes them with many qualities, including the poor, or the few, or the measured language, or the language of one of the languages, or the language of the one who says it, or the language of those who prove it, or the language and other expressions given by the commentator.

The research aims to shed light on the concepts of urban development and sustainable urban development and their indicators, as well as the concept of resources, their classifications, and urban area resources.
The problem of the research lies in the existence of a lack of knowledge in the extent to which the holy shrines are aware of the resources of the holy city of Karbala and the mechanisms to maximize and sustain them through their projects.
The research was based on the descriptive-analytical method in achieving the research goal, relying on many and multiple sources in the theoretical aspect, as well as previous specialized studies to reach generalizations on the concepts of sustainable development in urban areas and how to develop their resources.

This research aims to find out the effect of the guided discovery strategy on the cognitive achievement of fifth grade literary students in the subject of Arabic grammar, and to achieve this goal, the researcher used the experimental method and experimental design with partial control for two groups, one experimental and the other control, the research sample reached (60) female students of the fifth grade of literature at (Jumana) School in Baqubah, distributed among two experimental groups (30) students and the control group (30) The researcher adopted the Cognitive Achievement Test as a research tool, and after applying the research experiment and obtaining the results through statistical data processing, the researcher concluded that the guided discovery strategy has a positive impact on the fifth grade students in the Arabic grammar subject.

Cyber power is not only the transfer of information, activities and electronic capabilities to the widest number of individuals, institutions and countries, but also the continuous sorting between those who generate information (innovation) and have the ability to exploit it (skills) and those who consume it with limited skills, as this power and technology has touched various economic, political, military and cultural fields and has an effective role in managing various resources in the world, and even has an impact on countries and this is what it aims to do The current study is to identify the impact of cyber power, technology, artificial intelligence, deterrence, attacks and crimes on the countries of the world.

The research dealt with the phenomenon of speech acts and the extent to which they were affected by the concept of textual communication, which is a characteristic of the perceptual connection between the speaker and the reader or receiver in the poetry of the age of the text, whose cognitive tools were full in the contexts of direct and indirect verbal acts, so there was a need to identify the poet's ability to perform the action in his poetry, and his linguistic and cognitive ability, which had a clear impact on the linguistic deliberative lesson, and the research shed light on the deliberative theory in general and the verbal acts in particular. This theory has been of interest to linguists and linguists, and based on the above, the research has adopted this descriptive-analytical approach in its study, as the need began to analyze selected models of Omar al-Nas's poetry, to establish for us that the poetic tools employed by the poet in his poetry are worthy of attention and study, and the research has come to important conclusions that the theory of verbal acts has explained many diverse purposes in what we see, according to the contexts of speech and situations, the diversity of the speaker's intentions and the extent of their influence on the recipient.