The White Dome Journal

Frustration is the loss of the reward of worship due to sins. The Ash’ari school of thought, like the well-known view among the Imami Shi’a, considers the invalidity of nullification, but the Mu’tazila believe it is valid. According to the Mu’tazila, the total good deeds of a believer on the Day of Judgment will be measured by the total of his sins, so the lesser of the two will be nullified, or the lesser will destroy some of the greater. Muslims agree that apostasy nullifies all good deeds, and that Satan, due to his arrogance, wasted his six thousand years of worship. Other factors that nullify good deeds are mentioned in the Quran and the hadiths, such as raising one’s voice above the voice of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family), hypocrisy, and denial of the guardianship of Imam Ali (peace be upon him).

The “creative chaos” theory, which has characterized US foreign policy in the Middle East since the beginning of the second millennium, was not the cause of the destruction of some countries in the region, as some believe. Nor can the disintegration of the Iraqi state and the entrenchment of chaos after 2003 be attributed solely to the American “creative chaos” theory. Rather, Iraqi political forces and parties were a direct cause of:
The state, with its entrenched chaos and the politicization and partisanship of institutions, was weakened by political infighting and disagreements, leading to sectarian war and political conflict. This, in turn, fueled widespread anarchy and the dismantling of Iraqi state institutions. Sectarianism and power-sharing based on quotas undermined the constitution and the rule of law, weakened and politicized the military, created armed factions, and sidelined the national project in favor of other agendas.
The external agenda is the outcome of the power struggle within Iraq›s political forces, and the resulting chaos and disintegration of the state are natural consequences of this struggle and the suppression of genuine conflict.

Every nation has a civilization and heritage, which the children inherited from their ancestors, and through it comes the advancement of the nation, and by knowing that heritage and presenting it to the world. The Arabs before Islam had a civilization, one of the most wonderful civilizations in the world and the best compared to other civilizations, and after Islam came, the righteous predecessors left us a legacy. Among this heritage is the noble hadith, which the Companions took from the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and the Followers took it from the Companions, and there was a series of narrators who took some of them from others, so we had this noble knowledge, which is considered the second source of Islamic law. In a previous study, I dealt with the life of the author and the study of the manuscript in detail, and for that reason I refer the honorable reader to it in order to become acquainted with its vocabulary, as I will begin directly to investigate the translation of Uwais al-Qarni and others who appeared in the entire manuscript. I will limit myself to only ten translations, which are brief translations for each character. And from God is success After these translations were verified, which conveyed to us the Noble Hadith, these translations showed whether he was one of the followers or also one of the loyalists who had knowledge of the Noble Hadith. As they had an interest in the noble hadith, this is what placed their names on the lists of transmitters of the noble hadith, and this increased their pride and virtue for their knowledge of the noble hadith. This research focused on Islamic figures, people of knowledge and talent in this science, who have multiple sects and intellectual trends. They had clear names, surnames, and lineages, in addition to mentioning some of the dates of their births and deaths Despite the paucity of information in these translations from the manuscript, their content has many and broad meanings. He mentioned the descriptions of some of them and what the talents of some of them were, and in the manuscript he mentioned some of the sheikhs from whom they learned knowledge, and he also mentioned some of the students who studied and learned knowledge from them, and he mentioned some of the sayings of the scholars about them and described them as knowledgeable and just . Some of them even taught science to children and adults without taking wages from them, due to their love of science and to those who wanted to learn. May God be pleased with them all.

This research aims to identify the effect of Murder strategy on the acquisition of rhetorical concepts among fifth-grade literary students. To achieve the research objective, the researcher set the following null hypothesis: (There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average acquisition scores of students in the experimental group who study rhetorical concepts with (Murder strategy) and the average acquisition scores of students in the control group who study rhetorical concepts in the usual (traditional) way). The researcher followed the experimental design with partial control as a research design. The research community consisted of daytime preparatory schools in the General Directorate of Education of Rusafa / Third in Baghdad. The researcher randomly selected the (Iraqi Heritage) Preparatory School, which includes two sections for the fifth-grade literary preparatory school. Section (A) was randomly selected to represent the experimental group, while Section (B) represented the control group. The research sample amounted to (66) students, with (33) students in the experimental group and (33) students in the control group. The researcher rewarded the students of the two research groups in the following variables: ( The chronological age calculated in months, the parents’ academic achievement, the academic achievement of the previous academic year, and the linguistic ability test for (the symbolism of the stranger). After the researcher determined the topics of the scientific material that he would teach during the period of the experiment, the researcher formulated the behavioral objectives, prepared the teaching plans for them, and presented them to a group of experts and specialists to judge their suitability. The necessary modifications were made and the plans became ready for implementation in light of their opinions. The researcher prepared a test to acquire rhetorical concepts consisting of (30) paragraphs, distributed over three questions that measure the levels (definition, distinction, generalization). These questions consisted of multiple choice, matching, and completion. The researcher confirmed its validity, reliability, the discriminating power of its paragraphs, their difficulty factor, and the effectiveness of the erroneous alternatives. After the experiment was completed, the test was applied to the students of the experimental and control research groups. The results showed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the concept acquisition test. Rhetorical, and in light of the research results, the researcher concluded that the Murder strategy has a positive impact. In light of this, the researcher put forward a number of recommendations and proposals related to the research results

Like other sectors, Rafidain Bank has worked to improve its electronic banking services to Increase its competitiveness. This could contribute to strengthening customer relationships and increasing customer satisfaction by updating and delivering services in innovative ways that align with the latest available technologies. This aims to strengthen relationships with existing customers and increase their trust In the bank, in addition to attracting new customers. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the extent to which the quality of electronic customer service impacts the relationship between customers and the bank.
The research includeincludeed a sample of seven main branches of Rafidain Bank in Diyala, where 350 questionnaires were distributed. A total of 318 questionnaires were returned, representing 90.86% Of the total. Thirty-two questionnaires were excluded for being unsuitable for statistical analysis, leaving 286 valid questionnaires subject to statistical analysis, representing 82.21% of the total returned questionnaires. The descriptive statistical analytical approach was used to study the Impact of the quality of electronic customer service in Its dimensions (efficiency, reliability, confidentiality, communication, responsiveness) on the quality of the relationship in Its dimensions (satisfaction, trust, commItment).

Mr. Haider Amli and Mr. Abd al-Sabzuri have a unique methodology in interpretation, and emphasize the importance of referring to Shiite priests and nuns. They both see that there is an inner dimension in the Qur›an which they understand only in a special spiritual or cognitive way and associate Arabic interpretation with the concept of holistic unification and its entire existence goes towards the devotee and shows that the originator needs a state of spirituality and cognition, not just language skills and does not transcend the law

It is not hidden from any observer that the issue of atheism and societal security is considered an important duty at the individual and collective levels. People aspire to it and strive to achieve it in every country and at every time, so that society may enjoy security and stability. Societal security is a new and emerging term, not mentioned in language dictionaries or in the terminology of jurists, commentators, and scholars. However, this term, although it is a modern term in this structure, its meaning is agreed upon by all scholars, and is indicated by numerous texts from the Holy Qur›an and the Sunnah. Indeed, it is a term as old as humanity itself in terms of its meaning and significance. Sharia came with all its rulings, commands, and prohibitions for the purpose of achieving it and bringing happiness and guidance to people, for the sake of their security, happiness, and the well-being of their affairs in this world and the hereafter. Societal and intellectual security is a fundamental and important part of its general, comprehensive concept, and the word security encompasses many meanings, such as safety. Intellectual, national, patriotic, economic, cultural, political, health, food, and other aspects. However, societal security is the most comprehensive and comprehensive of all other meanings, because its failure impacts the entire security system and negatively impacts all other societal systems, leading to the spread of atheism in all its forms. Otherwise, if society achieves sound intellectual security, it will be able to fortify itself against destructive trends. This will enable creativity, productivity, advancement, and the development of all aspects of life. It will also address any failure or threat to any other aspect of security, eliminating atheism, deviation, extremism, and fanaticism that plague Islamic society.

All praise be to Allah and all blessing and peace be upon the last prophet Mohammed.
Islam is the religion of fair. It always advises in cooling down where it is necessary. It also orders preserving the lives of non-Muslims and Muslims. Terrorism has two contrary faces one is good while the other is not. Islam is the only cure for this disease by its sixth pillars which are believing in Allah, the angels, the divine books, the prophets and messengers, the judgment day and the fate. It also requires believing in its perfect low that saves the Muslims and non-Muslims blood. Islam had terrorized internally and externally, but it remained fixed and it will be widely known in the whole world. In addition, there is a thing everyone must know that not everything made by Muslims represents Islam.

The Islamic Maghreb witnessed various events after the advent of Islam, including the exit of Yemen from the control of the Abbasid court and the people joining the Alawite rule. The Idrisids ruled the Islamic Maghreb for a period of time, and it was also subject to the rule of the Fatimids. People saw things during this rule that they did not see during the rule of the Umayyads or the Abbasids. As for the Islamic culture in the Maghreb at that time, questions arise, including the budget and how Islamic culture spread during the rule of the Idrisids, as a well-known family of the Hassanids in the Maghreb. In this research, we have studied, based on historical books, the culture in the Maghreb during the rule of this Alaouite state in the form of a descriptive and analytical study to arrive at its cultural role. We highlight the scientific, intellectual and literary contributions and how they affected society during that important period of Islamic history. We conclude that the Hassanid dynasty, and specifically the Idrisid government in the Islamic Maghreb, played a major role in educating and teaching people and establishing a cultural and scientific life for them. They built mosques, spread the Islamic call and were interested in publishing books. They also played a major role in establishing scientific centers and libraries, including the huge royal library, holding scientific councils, and reviving religious studies. In addition, they were interested in the Arabic language and literature in the Islamic Maghreb, so scholars from various countries gathered around them, and studies of jurisprudence, Sharia, language, Arabic poetry, and other sciences became popular among them. The city of Fez was the destination of many scholars of their time.

This research presents a comprehensive bibliometric and in-depth analysis of the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in environmental monitoring, based on 4,762 publications from 1991 to 2024. The research highlights a significant increase in publications and citations since 2010, with China, the United States, and India emerging as major contributors. Key research areas include air and water quality monitoring, climate change modeling, biodiversity assessment, and disaster management. The integration of AI with emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and remote sensing, has significantly expanded the capabilities of real-time environmental monitoring and data-driven decision-making. The in-depth analysis reveals advances in AI/ML methodologies, including new algorithms for soil mapping, land cover classification, flood susceptibility modeling, and remote sensing image analysis. Notable applications include improved air quality forecasting, water quality assessments, climate impact prediction, and automated wildlife monitoring using AI-based image recognition. It also addresses challenges such as the «black box» nature of AI models, the need for high-quality data in resource-limited areas, and the complexity of real-time disaster management. The study highlights ongoing efforts to develop explainable AI (XAI) models, which aim to improve model transparency and confidence in critical environmental applications. Future research directions emphasize improving data quality and availability, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration across environmental science and computer science, and addressing ethical considerations in AI-based environmental management. These findings underscore the transformative potential of AI and machine learning technologies for sustainable environmental management, providing valuable insights for researchers and policymakers in addressing global environmental challenges.

The shadow economy has been known in countries since their inception and emergence in human history. Since their inception, human communities have imposed taxes on professions and earnings, which were paid to the person responsible for the security of that community, whether a tribal chief or a king, through voluntary donations and gifts.
With the development of the state and its concept, these taxes became compulsory and mandatory, with the aim of achieving gains for themselves and fulfilling their responsibility of protecting the state and the society upon which the state is based.
Conversely, a counter-trend has emerged, represented by evasion of these taxes and duties, carried out by a group of those upon whom these duties were imposed. This evasion is due to several factors, including the pursuit of personal gain and maximization at the expense of societal benefits, or due to the fundamental weakness of the state, its corruption, and the prevalence of bribery and favoritism, at the expense of achieving social justice in the collection of these taxes and their expenditure on societal benefits.

Chapter One
General Conditions in the Islamic Maghreb during the 9th-15th Centuries AH
1. Political Conditions in the Maghreb
2. Intellectual Conditions in the Maghreb
3. Maghrebis and the Journey in Pursuit of Knowledge
4. Factors that Motivated Maghrebis to Migrate to the Hijaz
Chapter Two General Conditions in the Land of the Two Holy Mosques during the 9th-15th Centuries AH
1. The Virtues and Status of the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram)
2. The Status of the Prophet›s Mosque (Masjid an-Nabawi)
3. The Role of the Sharifs in Supporting Knowledge and Scholars
Chapter Three
Contributions of Moroccan Scholars to the Scientific Movement in the Land of the Two Holy Mosques during the 9th-15th Centuries AH
1. Contributions of Moroccan Scholars to the Arabic Language Sciences
2. Contributions of Moroccan Scholars to the Intellectual Sciences
3. Contributions of Moroccan Scholars to Sufism
Conclusion
List of Sources and References>

I reviewed the article on the subject of Contemporary Egyptian History (by the authors Professor Dr. Shawqi Al-Gamal and Professor Dr. Abdullah Abdel-Razzaq Ibrahim). The book is considered one of the university works because of its clear academic language. The book deals with an objective historical presentation of the development of Egyptian society and the establishment of the Egyptian Republic. The authors also sought to provide a historical narrative of contemporary Egypt. The book focused on tracing Egyptian events and the role of the national movements in confronting the British occupation until the establishment of the Egyptian Republic. It also dealt with the transformations in the economic and social structure in Egypt.

The Uthmanic Qur’anic script Is considered one of the most prominent means that contributed to preserving the Arabic language and its characteristics from the first Hijri century until today. This script allowed for the clarity of words and the determination of their correct pronunciation, which helped avoid confusion between different meanings of similar words and preserved morphological and grammatical rules. It also helped maintain eloquence, poetic rhythm, and linguistic structures, while facilitating the correct recitation of the Holy Qur’an. This made the Arabic language capable of enduring through the centuries without distortion or alteration.The impact of the Qur’anic script Is clearly evident in determining the correct pronunciation of words, preserving dictionaries and grammatical rules, avoiding ambiguity between similar words, maintaining the Qur’an’s eloquent style, and enabling generations to correctly recite .

The Holy Quran has carefully addressed the purposes and secrets of human creation. This is to provide humanity with insight into the reason for its existence and a way to discover its true nature in this world, thereby enabling it to realize its human perfection. The Holy Quran relies on various methods and contexts to explain these aims and purposes.
This research was limited to the objectives of the Holy Qur’an in the creation of man, which came in the form of justifications for the objectives, making comparisons, and discussing the type of relationships between those objectives.
The research -through the induction of the texts of the Holy Qur’an, and the investigation of the connotations of meanings and contexts- concluded that the objectives of creation in the Holy Qur’an are (three), which are: (the caliphate, worship, and the cultivation of the earth).
The research relied on the analytical and foundational methodology in light of the Holy Qur’an, which focused on identifying the Qur’anic verses that revealed the purposes of creation in apparent formulas of justification, and studying them in a comparative semantic study in light of their contexts.

This study explores the linguistic phenomena in the Diwan of Abu al-Shis al-Khuza‘i, focusing on three main levels: phonetic, morphological, and syntactic. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach, analyzing selected texts from the Diwan to highlight the linguistic features that contribute to the aesthetic structure of his poetry.
The findings reveal that Abu al-Shis employed sounds with semantic value: whispered sounds were frequently used to express sadness and sighs, while voiced and emphatic sounds reflected strength and emotional intensity. On the morphological level, verbs, derivatives, and intensive forms were skillfully used to intensify meaning and emphasize emotional states. On the syntactic level, the poet relied on stylistic devices such as fronting and postponement, emphasis, interrogatives, conditional structures, in addition to the variation between nominal and verbal sentences, which created a stylistic balance between stability and dynamism.
Thus, the study concludes that Abu al-Shis d as a medium of expression, but rather as a comprehensive aesthetic structure, where sounds, forms, and syntactic patterns combine to create a unique emotional landscape in Abbasid poetry.

The Ghassanid Kingdom was one of the noticeable pre-Islamic Arab states, established in the Levant and distinguished by its important cultural influence political, economic and religious. The Ghassanids belonged to the Yemeni clan of Azd, who voyaged northward from Yemen after the Ma’rib Dam collapse in the third century CE. As the Byzantine Empire allies in its struggle with the Persians, they played a vital role in the balance of power in the region. The name “Ghassanids” comes from a spring called “Ghassan,” where they first settled. Their monarchs had well-known as the Kings of Al-Jafna, with notable monarchs counting Jafna ibn ‘Amr, Al-Harith ibn Jabalah, and Al-Mundhir ibn Al-Harith. Acceptance Christianity, they built monasteries and churches and became prominent patrons of Arabic literature and poetry. The historian Ibn Aybak al-Dawadari, in his work Kanz al-Durar wa Jami‘al-Ghurar*, delivers valuable insights into this kingdom, recording the names of its kings and recounting important events from its history.

The current research studies (Stylistic Technique in Contemporary Iraqi Painting/Artist Shukri Al-Shabib as a Model). The research comprises four chapters. The first contains a methodological framework, presenting the research problem, its importance, and the need for it. The research objective is to identify the stylistic technique in the works of the artist Shukri Hamid Al-Shabib. The second chapter is then framed in its theoretical framework. The first section covers trends in modern Iraqi art, the second section covers stylistic techniques in European schools, and the third section covers: first, drawing techniques in artistic formation, and second, stylistic techniques employed by the artist Shukri Hamid Al-Shabib. The third chapter addresses the research procedures in terms of its community, sample, and tool through an analytical study of the research sample, explaining the technique, materials, and expressive styles in the artist›s drawings, the research model. The fourth chapter presents the research findings and conclusions, presenting recommendations and suggestions, and concluding the research with a categorization of sources (books, articles, interviews, and theses), appendices, and a translation of the abstract into English.

This study aims to explore the modern narrative style in the structures of humorous tales in Arabic prose, such as Ibn al-Jawzi›s «Tales of Fools and Idiots.» The elements and structures of the very short story were studied and applied to Ibn al-Jawzi›s tales of fools and idiots. The study also reflects the rich and abundant nature of Arabic literature With the multiple and varied colors of art in the way they are composed and formed, they are subject to study, application and review, and the researcher finds in them what he seeks and aims for. The texts are scattered among books and news and require us to study and contemplate the output of those enlightened minds and understand their intentions and uncover the methods of their writings according to what we study of modern critical theories. Ibn al-Jawzi›s short stories are built on an integrated artistic structure

Through this study، the researcher seeks to uncover the manifestations of textual cohesion in the Qur›anic discourse represented in Surat al-Mumtahanah.
He also seeks to identify the most important textual elements underlying this cohesion، while also examining the linguistic secrets and units within this discourse.
It was therefore necessary to begin by introducing concepts that clarify the implications of textual cohesion and the most important theories that address it. This was followed by identifying the early beginnings that witnessed the birth of this linguistic field and answering the questions posed، namely: «Who are the most prominent pioneers who witnessed the birth of this science? What are the Arabic roots that extend to this study? The researcher also uncovered the textual elements that contribute to the cohesion of the Qur›anic discourse in Surat al-Mumtahanah، revealing the criteria for the casting of its verses.»
After beginning by explaining the emergence of this linguistic approach، the researcher discussed the textual criteria that govern linguistic discourse، and determined the strength of the text.
This was done by drawing on modern and ancient linguistic and linguistic sources required by the nature of this type of work. In conclusion، the research was divided into an introduction، two chapters، a conclusion، and a list of sources and references. The first chapter included definitions and criteria for textual science، followed by the second chapter، which was characterized by its applied nature.

The aim of the research was to reveal the effect of Wheatley›s model on historical thinking among second-year middle school female students in history. The research sample was randomly selected to have a size of (61) students distributed into an experimental group of (30) students and a control group of (31) students. To achieve the research objectives, the requirements were prepared and the study plans were prepared to teach the experimental and control groups, in addition to constructing a scale for historical thinking consisting of (30) paragraphs in the form of a self-report for the skills (chronological sequence - exploring evidence - interpretation - imagination - justification). The psychometric properties of the scale were verified, and upon applying it after the end of the experiment, it was found that there was a difference between the average scores of the control group and the experimental group, in favor of the experimental group, and a significant effect of Wheatley›s model on the historical thinking of second-year middle school female students. In light of the results, the conclusion was reached that employing constructive models that support the student›s role contributes to positive change and pushes towards more learning.