College Of Basic Education Researches Journal

Style of predicate and composition in al-Jawahiri’s poem (Tigris of Goodness) was an essential element, contributing in process of communication between reader and text, as well as a tool for poet to express his emotions and thoughts.
Study consisted of two sections:
First part dealt with (predicate) its definition and then presenting figurative purposes forming context of meaning.
Second part was entitled (method of composition), in which researcher defined composition and its divisions, with a focus on (guided composition) and its types (call, question, wish and command); To highlight poet\\\\'s ability and how he excels in articulating purposes of rhetorical (figurative) context . Unguided composition however is not mentioned in this paper because grammarians were not interested to show figurative purposes

Study aims to evaluate old and new Arabic language textbooks for third intermediate class , from male and female Arabic language teachers\' point of view. The study sample consisted of (94) male and female teachers, falling into (45) males and (49) females.
Study tool in its final form consisted of (30) items distributed into three sections, results showed that there was a difference between two textbooks and in favour of new one. Average of fields of old textbook scored (2.76%), while new (3.64%). Furthermore, there were differences between three fields in old textbook, as method of presenting academic content came first with an average of (3.21%) with a moderate rating, while field of achieving educational goals was last with an average of (2.30%) with a weak rating. The field as a whole reached (2.76%) with an intermediate rating. Additionally, there was a clear difference between three fields in new textbook, as method of achieving academic educational goals came first with an average of (4.39%) with a high rating, while field of evaluation came last with an average of (3.13%) and medium rating, and field as a whole reached (3.64%). with an intermediate rating, Last but not least, there were statistically significant differences for gender variable, as calculated T-value was (3.095) and in favour of females. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences for academic qualification variable, and calculated T-value was (2.861) in favour of postgraduate studies, and there were statistically significant differences for years of experience variable, as calculated T-value was (3.706) in favour of duration of experience (10 years or more). Finally, recommendations and suggestions were presented based on results of the study.

Science of investigation is one of the most important ways to revive ancient Arab heritage, a source of pride as well as scholars who investigated it. When I realized my supervisor was Professor Dr. Amer Baher Al-Hayali, I told him that I wanted as subject of my dissertation to be an investigation of one of unverified heritage books. He offered me investigation of one of the ancient lexical heritage books. As I agreed, the proposed title was: (Al Bahrain Complex by Radi al-Din al-Hasan bin Muhammad al-Saghani, d. 650 AH, Chapter al-Ta’, investigation and study).
Thesis was divided into two parts. first included study and two chapters. The first chapter, we talked about Al-Saghani and his book, Al-Bahrain Complex, second chapter, talked about linguistic levels in edited text. As for the second section, it included investigated text. We prefaced it by talking about our investigation approach. We did not rely in our investigation on a specific approach or a specific school of investigation, but rather we utilized all investigative approaches that we saw as appropriate.
I encountered difficulties in this modest research, including abundance of strange, unexplained words, poetic evidence, and statements by scholars whose works have not reached us. Then I concluded my research with general indexes, such as Quranic verses, Prophetic hadiths, poetry, proverbs, and places. In my investigation, I relied on two copies of manuscript of Al- Bahrain Complex, with a third copy, which is Al- Hashiya copy, in addition to book Al-Takmelah, Dhayl and Al-Sila by Al-Saghani and Sahih Al-Jawhari, considered two auxiliary copies that we may have to refer to sometimes. I hope that I have succeeded in this work, and my success is only from my. God, in Him I trust and to Him I turn.

Pre-Islamic poet\\'s awareness of his short life made him seek to create meaning for it through action and achievement, without taking into account prevailing values, whether economic or social. His achievements were represented poetically through plunder of pleasures and excess in practicing ritual of generosity, risk-taking, and war, transcending voice of critic who represents society surrounding poet. Poet adopted argumentative style, presenting cause and reason to give his vision credibility to remove doubt, emphasizing that there is no point in holding back and being stingy as long as man is doomed to harsh condition of annihilation.

Praise be to God, abundant, good, and blessed praise, as befits the majesty of His face and the greatness of His power. Now then... God has decreed and willed that my study be on subject of self-pride in Al-Farazdaq, in order to know a small part of poet\\\\'s life, his collection of poems, his poems on pride, and what motives that led him to boast about himself, his tribe, and his religion.Study was divided into two sections. In first section, I addressed motives of pride in Al-Farazdaq, including psychological, tribal, religious, and military (enthusiastic) motives. As for the second section, I addressed images of self-pride, which are: (I) in Al-Farazdaq\\\\'s pride, (we), and collective pride - we - in Islam. Research relied on most important sources, including: (Al-Farazdaq\\\\'s Collection, Lisan Al-Arab, Al-Iqd Al-Farid... and others). I adopted integrated way for this research. I encountered some difficulties in finding some sources that fulfill purpose of research. In conclusion, I extend my sincere thanks to everyone who provided their sound opinions and played an important role in its completion. May Allah reward them on my behalf with the best reward and bless them in their work. I ask Allah for success.

Sheikh Muhammad Yassin is considered an eminent scholar of Mosul, known among his peers with his breadth of knowledge, piety, righteousness, excellence in chain of transmission, and taking knowledge from the great scholars of this city. He has many works in various sciences, the most important of which was his book, Nail al-Maram. Explanation of Bulugh al-Maram fi Adalet al-Ahkam by Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar, may God Almighty have mercy on him. The Sheikh, may God Almighty have mercy on him, had made extensive hadith and jurisprudential efforts. In this work, as well as another work that was of no less important than the first in hadith effort, which is explicit evidence in authentic Sunnah, and other books in which he addressed science of hadith, so this research came to highlight this hadith aspect in works of Sheikh, may God have mercy on him, and clarify his approach to science of hadith. His method of explaining hadith, the ways in which he extracted it, and how he judged hadith.

This research aims to identify the effect of DRTA strategy on developing serious creativity among fourth year secondary school students. To achieve goal, researcher developed three hypotheses to identify effect of DRTA strategy on developing serious creativity among fourth secondary school students . First: related to averages of experimental and control groups in pre-test for serious creativity. Second: relates to averages of experimental and control groups in grades of developing serious creativity. And third: relates to mean of pre and post application of experimental group in serious creativity test . As for research sample, it was randomly selected from research community , consisted of students of fourth preparatory grade (Homs Preparatory School for Girls) and (Al-Tahrir Preparatory School for Girls) in city of Mosul for second course of academic year (2020-2021).Sample was (65) female students divided into two experimental and control groups, with (30) for experimental group that studied according to DRTA strategy, and (35) for control group that studied traditionally.
Researcher used experimental method , equalized between members of two research groups in a number of variables, such as: age calculated in months, degree of Arabic language for the first course, IQ, pre- test of serious creativity, and educational attainment of parents. To achieve goal of research, it was required to build a tool, which is a test of serious creativity, and test was characterized by reliability and stability.
After preparing teaching plans and the two tools, researcher applied experiment electronically through educational platforms in second course of the academic year (2020-2021) , extended from 22/4/2021 to 15/6/2021 , lasted for a full course. Serious Creativity Test was applied after 16/6 / 2021 on two research groups. After data collection and statistical analysis, results showed the following:
1_ There is a statistically significant difference in favor of experimental group over control in pre-test of serious creativity .
2_ There is a statistically significant difference in favor of experimental group who studied using (DRTA) strategy over control who studied according to traditional method in developing serious creativity.
3_ There is a statistically significant difference in favor of post-test for students who were tested after using (DRTA) strategy, which indicates an increase in their ability to be creative.
Given these results , researcher came out with a number of conclusions, to mention but one (DRTA) strategy had a role in improving and raising the ability of fourth secondary grade students / literary branch to analyze literary texts and create serious creativity. Researcher also made a number of recommendations, including emphasizing teachers of Arabic language to urge their students to interact with text and motivate them to think and create seriously, when they teach topics of literature and texts.

This research aims to answer the following questions :
What is level of leadership of heads of departments of faculties of University of Mosul from the point of view of teaching staff in general Depending on these variables: gender (Male-Female), specialization
(Scientific-Humanitarian), Academic title (Professor – Assistant Professor – lecturer – assistant lecturer). Researcher prepared the soft leadership scale for heads of departments, which finally consisted of (36) items. Psychometric characteristics of research tools were confirmed by checking apparent reliability , validity of construction , stability by testing and retesting , and Cronbach\'s coefficient F for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results showed the following:
* Existence of a positive correlation between soft leadership and strategic vigilance among heads of departments of faculties of University of Mosul.
* There are no statistically significant differences between males and females’ points of view regarding level of Grace, existence of statistically significant differences according to specialization variable in favor of scientific specialization, but in terms of academic titles however ( Assistant lecturer, lecturer, Assistant Professor, Professor) difference was in favor of assistant lecturer

Current research aims at shedding light on impact of hearing triangle on developing sensual thinking for fifth primary class pupils in sciences. Researchers adopted empirical methodology due to its appropriateness. To realize such goals , researchers made 2 null hypotheses to be tested. Sample was (67) fifth primary class pupils from ( Al- Shabaa and Al-Akrameen) primary schools for boys in left bank of city of Mosul/ Governorate of Nineveh for the academic year 2021-2022.Researchers adopted experimental design of two equivalent groups with pre-post tests.Experimental group (division A) of (35) pupils, studied using hearing triangle method. Control group (division B) of (32) pupils used traditional method. Researchers equalized both groups in the following variables (time age measured in months, academic achievement of parents, degree of science in fourth grade, pre-test of sensual thinking) . Researchers made (24) teaching plans falling into (12) teaching plans for each group, as well as test of sensual thinking of (30) items of multiple choice. Experiment lasted for (58) days from (13/11/2021) until (9/1/2022). Researchers used the following statistical means (equation of difficulty of items, item discrimination, efficiency of alternatives, Kuder-Richardson equation 20,T-test for two independent samples ,T-test for two related samples ,T-kai square test, and Alph-Kronbach equation) .
Researchers concluded :
1- Statistically significant differences between control and experimental groups in post test of sensual thinking and in favor of experimental .
2- Statistically significant differences of experimental group in pre- post tests of sensual thinking and in favor of post-test.
Given these results, researchers made a number of suggestions and recommendation, to mention but few:
Organize training courses by state administrate of education of Nineveh Governorate /unit of preparing and training , supervised by University of Mosul professors, specialized in methodologies to train teachers of primary schools how to use methodologies, techniques and strategies of modern teaching and procedural steps to apply them in teaching process. As for the suggestions, initiate a study about effect of hearing tringle and snow ball strategies on developing critical thinking for distinguished pupils.

This study aims to examine the level of moral thinking among high school students, with a focus on potential gender differences. The research was conducted during the 2024-2025 academic year in the Eastern Education Schools in the center of Duhok Governorate, with a sample consisting of 100 students.
The researchers utilized the "Rashid & Azhar" (2016) scale, which consists of 26 items, to measure moral thinking. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program.
The results indicated that high school students possess a high level of moral thinking. Additionally, the study found no statistically significant differences between males and females in this regard.
Based on these findings, the study recommends raising awareness among parents and educators to help students adopt ethical thinking approaches when making decisions. The recommendations also emphasize the importance of moving beyond theoretical moral instruction and focusing on practical applications in students' environments and communities.
Furthermore, the researchers suggested conducting future studies on moral thinking among different societal groups, such as teachers and employees, as well as carrying out similar research on university students.

Energy sources of oil and natural gas are determining factor in competition between countries and relations between them. Importance of these resources lies in maintaining state’s position in hegemony and economy, as well as level of economic development. Such fact made major economic powers focus on such type of wealth. Oil and secure more oil is the ultimate prize, whether through agreements، investment, or through wars, as the case of Iraq and American invasion 2003. Such invasion indicates importance of obtaining oil in various ways and pushing international powers to compete for such valuable product, especially in light of shortage of oil supplies on one hand. On the other hand, high price of oil in global markets has made oil-producing countries gain a particular importance for industrialized countries .Maintaining secure access to these energy sources without obstacles or problems created yet another economic crisis added to other economic and financial crises witnessed by global economy.

Architectural heritage is considered one of the most essential components that express authenticity of ay civilization. This heritage is a civilizational indicator of the extent to which a specific nation has reached, serving as an evidence of its development. Architecture represents a manifestation of social evolution in any society, reflecting its economic situation. Architecture during Ottoman era varied greatly from that of Seljuk . Most buildings dating back to early Ottoman era regarding Ottoman architecture are associated with religious monuments. Among the most important buildings through which we can study styles and continuous development are mosques. Therefore, in this study, we examine characteristics of architecture in the Ottoman Empire at its inception (mosques as a model)
Buildings dating back to this period were mainly located in cities of Iznik, Bursa, and Edirne. Majority of researches handled arts of architecture in early Ottoman state, significant attention was paid to mosque architecture or (zawiyas), especially in city of Bursa.
In this research, we will study architectural buildings of mosques dating back to early Ottoman period in city of Bursa.

Current research aims to study commercial structure of Sumer Street on left bank of Mosul city, in addition to its locational and positional characteristics to highlight reasons for its emergence, determine its location, features and functional characteristics regarding patterns of commercial functional units. Continued increase in population of Mosul city, size of population clusters in its residential neighborhoods and their need for goods of all kinds created necessity of allocating another area within Mosul city to provide such goods, as in the commercial strips that appeared such as commercial street in Sumer neighborhood. Increase in population size in Mosul city is not only accompanied by a change in number of city’s population, but also by a change in structure, including commercial. It is not limited to number of its commercial units with all components of commercial structure as well, such as commercial strips. When Mosul city began to expand, the need to expand commercial services emerged. When it was no longer possible to continue relying on commercial services in city center, where traditional market was located, need arose to establish second commercial centers, which became more popular after 2017 as a result of the damage that central market was exposed to.

Strait of Hormuz , throughout its modern and contemporary history , enjoyed a great strategic, political and economic importance , a positive and influential role, whether regionally or internationally, as it is one of important waterways for international trade movement and is considered the only maritime port for some Arab countries located on Arabian Gulf, as it links waters of Arabian Gulf with international waters. For a long time , European countries sought to control it and impose their dominance on waters of Arabian Gulf.
Strait of Hormuz is located between Sultanate of Oman from south and Iran from northeast. For Sultanate of Oman, it represents its regional borders , its security side and an integral part of its national security and national sovereignty . It was the eighties during The First Gulf War (1980 - 1988), when danger extended to threaten Strait of Hormuz , oil outlet for global countries . Such situation prompted Sultanate of Oman to take bold measures politically and military with foreign countries, where foreign countries considered that threatening Strait of Hormuz and obstructing navigation in it leads to threat their security interests, and thus requires their Military intervention by obtaining some facilities from Arab Gulf states to prevent any threat to security and safety of the strait.

This paper attempts to uncover the last remaining Ottoman documents in archives of Turkish Presidency, about a revolutionary event in Iraq, later called Revolution of 1920s. As the Ottoman forces withdrew from Iraqi provinces after World War I and its many agreements, it was difficult to uncover a large number of these documents. However, researcher found a limited number of them, about nine , that can be used to tell narration of Ottoman archive documents about revolution of twenties accordingly, researcher will attempt to uncover contents of these documents and analyse them, hoping that it will be the first corner stone to uncover Turkish-Iraqi relations, identity formation of each party and their policy towards each other. shortly after the withdrawal of Ottoman forces from Ottoman provinces of Iraq. Bearing in mind that this will be the first step in understanding how Ottoman government of Istanbul received 1920s Revolution by trying to look at the last remaining Ottoman documents. So other steps will be to coordinate with other sources and researchers for future promising comparative studies within local archival sources in Ottoman provinces of Iraq. Emphasizing that these documents reveal something of revolutionary situation at that time, and it is not necessarily conducting a complete scan of whole documents.

Dhia' Al malk ben Nitham Al malik is a character of great role in Saljuki state history. He was a minister at Saljuki Sultan Mohamed ben malkshah, then a minister at Abbasid kalif Al-Mustarshid Billah .His greatest achievement as a minister of Saljuki sultan was fighting Batniya , a movement who assassinated his father Nidhamulmulk Al-Toussi and tried killing him later after Dhia raged a military campaign against that movement . Saljuki sultan removed him from office to be reassigned again as a minister for Abbasid kalif Al-Mustarshid Billah after an advice from kalif’s advisor Shamsuldeen Bin Nidhamulmulk who happened to be Dhia’s brother Another important event is raging a war against Duyees Bin Saifuldolah Sadaka and put plans for Abbasid kalif to follow to conquer Duyees Bin Saifuldolah Sadaka .

Chapter One outlined the importance and problem of the research, which aims to determine the relationship and mutual influence between specific physical abilities and physiological variables and the level of Poomsae (forms) performance in Taekwondo. It also sought to identify the most significant specific physical abilities (such as explosive power, flexibility, balance, speed, and muscular endurance) that directly impact the quality and effectiveness of Poomsae movements. Furthermore, it aimed to assess the influence of certain physiological variables (such as heart rate, blood lactic acid concentration, and anaerobic capacity) on athletes' ability to perform Poomsae for extended periods while maintaining technical proficiency. Chapter Two detailed the research methodology. The researcher adopted a descriptive approach due to its suitability for the nature of this study. The research sample was intentionally selected from male Taekwondo national team athletes in Baghdad Governorate, over 21 years of age, who are advanced practitioners. The sample size consisted of 15 athletes who had achieved advanced rankings in Poomsae (imaginary combat) competitions. Chapter Three presented the results, indicating that the specific physical abilities and physiological variables contributing to Poomsae performance (under investigation) were, in order of importance: explosive power of the legs, spinal flexibility, blood glucose concentration, static balance, movement speed, anaerobic capacity, and explosive power of the arms. Chapter Four concluded that the proposed training program should focus on developing the specific physical abilities and functional efficiency of Poomsae athletes due to their positive contribution to Poomsae performance (under investigation).

The researchers conducted this study to identify the effect of an aerobic curriculum on a number of physical components and functional variables for overweight children aged (10-12 years). Researchers used experimental method due to its suitability, research sample included male children aged (10-12 years). Research sample was deliberately selected from primary school pupils of the Ninth Kuwait School for Boys for the academic year (2022-2023), (23) of overweight children. Researchers reached the following results after applying aerobic training program
Results showed that there is a statistically significant difference in variables BMI (body mass index - Fat M (kg) body fat mass - FFM (kg) fat-free mass).
• There are significant differences in values of a number of functional variables between pre- and post-test in (rest) stage for overweight children aged (10-12 years) in following variables: - (RQPre), as the moral value of (t) was less than or equal to From probability level (0.05).
• There were significant differences in values of a number of functional variables between pre- and post-test in (threshold) stage for overweight children aged (10-12 years) in following variables: (VCO2 TH), (VO2 TH), (Time TH), as significant value of (t) is less than or equal to probability level (0.05).
• There are significant differences in values of a number of functional variables between pre- and post-test in (post-exertion) stage for overweight children aged (10-12 years) in following variables: (VO2Post), (VCO2Post), (HRPost), (Time Post). ), as significant value of (t) was less than or equal to probability level (0.05).
• There are significant differences in values of a number of functional variables between pre- and post-test during (recovery) stage for overweight children aged (10-12 years) in following variables: (VO2Reco), (RQReco), (RQReco), as significant value For (t) is less than or equal to probability level (0.05).
• There are significant differences in values of a number of functional variables between pre- and post-test for overweight children aged (10-12 years) in variable of (VO2MAX. mL/kg·min), as the moral value of (t) was less than or equal to Probability level (0.05).

The aim of this research is to investigate effect of integrated exercises on a number of physical and skill-related variables among young football players. Researcher adopted experimental method due to its suitability. The experiment was conducted on a sample of 12 football players from Al-Sukkar Sports Forum for the 2023–2024 season. The sample was intentionally selected and randomly divided into two groups: an experimental and a control group, with 6 players each. Homogeneity was ensured in variables of age, height, and body mass, in addition to establishing equivalence between two groups in terms of physical and skill-related attributes.
Statistical tools used included: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of skewness, paired samples t-test, and independent samples t-test. Researcher concluded that integrated exercises (balance and strength) implemented by experimental group led to improvements in all physical and skill-related attributes. Furthermore, the experimental group that followed integrated balance and strength exercises showed greater improvement than control group across all physical and skill-related variables.

Perceived organizational support is a recent topic that has attracted the attention of many researchers. Recognizing the importance of the reciprocal relationship between the organization and its employees will make these organizations more capable of achieving competitive advantages and make employees more committed to their organizations. Employees receiving more benefits related to salary, promotions, and career development indicates the organization's positive evaluation of their contributions, thus contributing to perceived organizational support. Organizational support, in turn, increases employees' expectations that high performance will be rewarded. Perceived organizational support also indicates the degree to which the organization they belong helps them focus on their interests and motivations, which makes them give their utmost in return for reciprocal treatment by their organizations. This effort is reflected positively through the organization's support in the form of material and moral incentives that satisfy their motivations (Al-Shalan, 2014: 153). Thus, employees' concept of organizational support is reflected in them through certain beliefs about the level to which the organization appreciates their efforts and cares about their well-being, which creates feelings of commitment and belonging that make them satisfied with their affiliation with the organization.

The study aimed to:
- Construct spatial awareness scale for volleyball players
- Identify level of spatial awareness for volleyball players.
- Establish standard levels for scale of spatial awareness among volleyball players.
The two researchers used descriptive approach in its survey style due to its suitability . Research community included (175) players in Iraqi Premier League in volleyball for (2022-2023) season, while sample consisted of (143) players representing approximately (82%) from research community distributed over the following sport clubs (Al-Shartahu, Sinjar, Ghaz Al-Janub, Erbil, Al-Bahri, Haditha, Al-Jayish, Peshmerga, Masafi Al-Shamal, Al-Habbaniya, Al-Samoud, Heat, Al-Sinaeah) , Sample was subdivided into two samples (construction and application) Where construction sample included (80) players, about (46%) of research community, and constructing sample was randomly selected from Premier League clubs in volleyball (Al-Bahri, Al-Habbaniyah, Ghaz Al-Janoub, Al-Shorta, Al-Samoud, Haditha, Al-Sinaeah), Application sample however included (63) players representing (36%) of research community, and they were chosen from Iraqi Premier League volleyball clubs (Erbil, Masafi Al-Shamal, Sinjar, Peshmerga, Heet, Al-Jaish) to apply scale in its final form and extract criteria. Researchers used content analysis, questionnaire, and personal interview as data collection methods. For the purpose of constructing spatial awareness scale the two researchers followed all scientific steps to construct scales. As two researchers identified axes of spatial perception scale and presented them to experts, and they were represented by four axes (visual-kinesthetic coordination, perceiving the relationship between shape and floor, perceiving spatial relations, visual memory). Alternatives should be (zero-one). Then researchers determined validity of items of scale, After completing statistical analysis of items of scale, final electronic form, consisted of (20) items. Statistical means that were calculated by the statistical program (SPSS) for the purposes of the research were limited to (mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, t-test for independent samples, and percentage).
Researchers reached the following conclusions:
- By following scientific steps to construct scales, a measure of spatial awareness of volleyball players was reached, consisting of (20) items that has good scientific foundations and can be relied upon.
- Iraqi Premier League volleyball players have a good level of spatial awareness.
- A table of standard levels for spatial awareness scale has been reached, consisting of six levels.
Researchers recommended the following , to mention but few:
- Adopting a measure of spatial awareness among volleyball players in evaluating Iraqi Premier League players.
- Relying on standard levels table to determine level of players in this variable.
- Constructing a scale of spatial awareness of other team activities.
- Work to raise level of spatial awareness of volleyball players in Iraqi Premier League.

The research aims to:
1. The effect of an educational program for the non-preferred leg, based on sensory preferences, on learning some basic football skills for the three research groups.
2. The preference in the post-test among the three research groups for the preferred leg for some basic football skills.
The researchers used the experimental method due to its suitability for the nature of the research. The research community included (190) first-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for the academic year 2023-2024. The research sample consisted of (60) students distributed across three classrooms. The distribution was randomized, with Hall (B) being the control group, which included (20) students; Hall (C) being the first experimental group, which included (20) students; and Hall (D) being the second experimental group, which included (20) students. This resulted in a percentage of (57.31%) to achieve the research objectives.
The researchers used the following methods to collect data and information:
- Questionnaire.
- Personal interview. - Physical and motor tests
- Football skill tests
- Observation
- The researchers used the statistical package (SPSS) to obtain the results. In light of these results, the researchers concluded the following:
- The three groups (control and experimental) outperformed the post-test.
- The second experimental group demonstrated superiority over the control group and the first experimental group in learning basic football skills using the non-preferred foot.

Globally, diabetes is a significant cause of both death and morbidity, affecting a wide range of populations irrespective of age, gender, or region. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to this urgent public health issue and to increase awareness of it among world leaders and policymakers. The current study looks into the Collins, relationship between diabetes and age, gender, height, and weight—four important characteristics. The Azadi Hospital in Dohuk provided the study's data. Finding out whether gender, age, weight, or height are related to high prevalence of diabetes as the main goal of study. To achieve this, the researchers utilized a variety of multiple regression analysis techniques, including Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Minimax Concave Penalty (MCP) Regression, Quantile Regression (QR), and Smoothly Clipped Absolute Deviation (SCAD) penalty. Age, weight, and diabetes were found to be significantly correlated by data analysis

In this paper we resorted to study finite volume method to solve inverse problem of heart using the Bidomain model of heart as a network of points to obtain approximate solutions, then using iteration method in nonlinear limit to improve the results obtained. From finite volume method to obtain more accurate results with a small error rate in order to determine the exact condition and perform medical intervention at correct time, solutions were obtained by relying on linear function as an initial condition in first case and non-linear function again in second case, and then improving these results in third case, We examined difference between results through tables and figures using the methods above mentioned. Results showed that approximate solutions were close enough to real one. Results also showed that proposed method by combining finite volume method and new iteration method is more accurate and efficient than classical finite volume method, as shown in tables andfigures.

H.pylori ( Helicobacter pylori:Gram-negative bacteria,multimedia,microaerophilic),is one of most common pathogens in humans, that causes gastrointestinal disorders like stomach ulcers, stomach cancer and simple gastritis. This research aims to determine levels of some trace elements (pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Se), and electrolytes (Sodium, Chloride, Calcium and Magnesium) in group of patients (n:44) with H. pylori chronic gastritis. A total of (40) blood samples of healthy people were collected from consulting clinics as well as control group. Study showed an increase in levels of (Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr and Pb) in serums of patients’ group compared to healthy ones, Results also showed a decreased levels of (Zn, Se and Fe) in serums of patients’ group, compared with control group. Again , results show levels of electrolytes in patients’ group Ca and Mg were significantly lower), ( insignificantly lower levels: Na and Cl), compared with control group.

Issue of street dust pollution is primarily related to levels of microplastic particles (MPs) and heavy metals, raising concerns about their potential risk on environment. In this research twenty street dust samples with three replicates were collected from different areas (residential, commercial, and industrial) from right bank of Mosul city / Iraq, to investigate the presence of MPs and study their characteristics. Additionally, to assess potential ecological risk impact of twelve heavy metals. Among the 60 dust samples taken from streets, an average of MPs ranging between 274 and 2914 per 15 grams of dust was detected. Most of these plastic particles were transparent fragments with sizes varying from less than 10 to 200 µm as observed through a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, results from FTIR analysis indicated that polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was dominant polymer type found in MPs, forming around 63%. levels of metal in road dust were assessed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) showing that quantification of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb surpassed basic values of world soils regarding the twelve elements studied. Variation coefficients (VCs) coupled with enrichment and contamination factors revealed that Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb are associated with both sources (anthropogenic and natural). On the other hand, Mn, Fe and Ni originate from natural sources. Calculated potential ecological risk (Er) indicated high ecological risk by Hg. Approximately half of samples exhibited moderate ecological risk indices (RI).

The study was conducted in laboratories of postgraduate studies at College of Education for Girls / University of Mosul. This study involved collecting 92 mouth samples from children hospitalized in Mosul (Al-Salam Education and Ibn Al-Atheer) whose infection was diagnosed by specialist doctors from 1/6/2022 to 5/10/2022. Samples were examined microscopically after being treated with potassium hydroxide solution, then cultured on Sabourin dextrose agar SDA medium then diagnosed microscopically and visually. Isolation results showed that infection rate of candidiasis was 70.65% positive for transplantation, and age groups studied from (0-12) months were the most infected ones with a rate of 35.87%. Through our study, we concluded that yeast isolates that were positive for germ tube formation belonged to Candida albicans species without further diagnostic tests. Furthermore, chlamydospore formation assay for both Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis determined that HI Chrome differential medium distinguished between Candida species based on colony color, with C. albicans colored bright green, Candida tropicalis colonies showed metallic blue, while Candida krusei colonies was purple in color, and colonies of Candida glabrata were creamy to light pink.

Present investigation examined adverse impacts of gabapentin on hepatocytes of white male rats. Present research project included 15 animals. Rats were split into three sets (5 animals each), with first being untreated set, which received purified water, and the other two test sets received medication at levels ranging from 21.8 and 43.6 mg/kg for two months. Activity of CASP1 was assessed to detect both inflammation and apoptosis, CASP3, and CASP8 proteins were also assessed to detect programmed death in liver cells. First test set's liver sections (21.8 mg/kg) exhibited a notable positive reaction to CASPE1 protein. However, entrance region and hepatocyte cytoplasm demonstrated a very significantly positive response in second test set (43.6 mg/kg). CASP3 protein elicited a significantly positive response in hepatic cells of liver of first test set and a strong positive response in liver of second test set. A significant positive response to CASP8 protein was seen in first test set of liver sections, whereas an even greater positive response was seen in second test set of sections. Conclusion, gabapentin is toxic to liver cells when used over extended periods and in excessive amounts. Its effects are evident at protein level by activating pathways linked to inflammation and programmed death.

Results of this study showed that ethanol and water extracts of banana peels exhibited inhibitory effectiveness against growth of Aspergillus flavus. Ethanol extract showed higher inhibition, with highest inhibitory zone diameter of 18.8 mm at a concentration of 20 mg/mL, which was statistically non-significant different from 15 mg/mL concentration (17.17 mm) after 7 days of incubation. Water extract also demonstrated significant inhibition at both concentrations tested (15 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL), yielding zone diameters of 17.33 mm and 17.83 mm respectively.
Study aimed to determine efficacy of banana peels in reducing toxic effects of aflatoxin in white mice males (48 in total). Experimental animals were divided into six groups according to experimental needs, and exposed to aflatoxin B1 at concentrations of 0.2 mg and 0.4 mg. Ethanol and water extracts of banana peels were prepared at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% respectively, dissolved in a specific volume of DMSO. Effects of these extracts were tested on mice via oral administration.
Histopathological results indicated presence of degeneration, necrosis, and Degeneration in hepatic cells, as well as inflammatory foci, giant cells, hemorrhage, and vascular congestion.These findings suggest that banana peel extracts, particularly ethanol extract, have potential role as inhibitors of Aspergillus flavus growth and might mitigate toxic effects of aflatoxin in experimental animals.

In this study, a new adsorbent material (chemically treated activated carbon) was prepared from an environmentally friendly, inexpensive and available plant source, namely pine tree cones. Naproxen was chosen as a model drug to study the performance of adsorption process. Thermodynamic functions were calculated for adsorption of naproxen on surface of prepared chemically treated activated carbon. Analytical method was used to achieve standard calibration curve for drug naproxen in order to calculate the amount of drug adsorbed and residue in solution, following Beer-Lambert law, and using spectroscopic method to measure optical spectrum in ultraviolet region. Then calculate thermodynamic functions for adsorption process (ΔH, ΔG°, ΔS°) within an experimental range of temperatures ranging from (338 - 288 K). Results of thermodynamic study showed that adsorption of naproxen is a heat-emitting process through the values of (ΔH ) that were negative with fixed concentration and at range of temperatures used, where the values of (ΔG°) were negative and indicate that adsorption process is spontaneous in nature and increases spontaneously with an increase in temperature with concentration and adsorbent being constant. This indicates that physical adsorption is dominant and that values of (ΔS°) are Negative, meaning it is less regular in stages of adsorption process compared to its equilibrium state, and it has a high degree of freedom on surface of adsorbent.

This paper investigates memory and place in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club (1989). It unfolds the suffering of first-generation of Chinese immigrants from Sino-Japanese War. It draws upon concepts such as the relation between memory and place, mother-daughter conflict, formation of identity, and immigrant experience. The Joy Luck Club is an interlinking collection of traumatic narratives and memories paired with their places of occurrence. It revolves around four Chinese mothers who narrate their personal and collective experiences and memories to their daughters and how daughters endeavor to balance their dual cultural identities. Paper adopts Maurice Halbwachs’s concept of “mémoir collective”. It tackles Susanne Langer’s and John Sutton’s emphasis on social and collective nature of memory, which functions as an organiser of consciousness that shapes individual’s current actions , experiences and forms his identity. It further adopts Pierre Nora’s concept of “memory places”, which act as metaphorical locations where communities store their memories and recognise them as integral parts of their identity. Different maternal memories and places in Tan’s novel function as a means of connection so daughters can better understand their mothers’ backgrounds, sacrifices made for their families, and values that guide their actions. The paper concludes that intergenerational exchange of personal and collective memories becomes a powerful tool for developing empathy, bridging cultural gaps between Chinese ancestral and domicile American cultures, and thus, strengthening bonds between mothers and daughters.

Relevance Theory is a theory of communication grounded in psychology and cognition. The theory treats utterance interpretation as a cognitive process. According to relevance theorists, utterances are linguistically encoded inputs to inferential processes which affect the cognitive environment of the hearer. By the same token, utterances are verbal stimuli decoded by hearers to derive an assumption or set of assumptions treated as the representations of the actual world and/or thoughts (Sperber and Wilson 1995:2). In the advertisement, the text conveys a range of implications, and it must be assumed that the most likely interpretation is that consistent with the advertiser’s desire to reinforce favourable associations with the brand. Advertising is essentially a form of communication through such diverse media as hand bills, newspapers, magazines, bill boards, letters, radio and television broadcasts and motion pictures. This study tries to analyse a number of Arabic advertisements that are taken from various social media web sites. As Relevance theory is one of the most important theory in pragmatics, this study follows a relevance-based model as it is the most suitable model to describe how the inferential process of the ostensive-inferential communication occurs. The main aim of this study is to identify and discuss how the inferential process of comprehending the advertisement happens and how the reader can arrive at the optimal relevance and get the most contextual effect that can change his cognitive environment with the least processing effort.