AL-SSEBT JOURNAL

Most of the ancient and modern Arabic poetry is characterized by lyricism, where the poet expresses his feelings, emotions, and life experiences through artistic and literary expression. However, has modern poetry remained confined to its lyricism, or has it incorporated expressive and artistic methods from its prose counterpart? This is based on the convergence of literary genres, which have become unified after the removal of boundaries between them.
The study at hand reveals the convergence of expressive techniques between poetry and prose, applied by the researcher to the epic of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) by the poet George Shukr. Among its literary lines and poetic images, the researcher found prose-like expressive means that require scholars to examine them. This helps the Arab reader understand the literary horizons achieved by the contemporary poet when he addressed the issue of Karbala. Notably, the poet did not remain confined to the historical event. Furthermore, the studied poet intertwined contemporary life with the scenes of Karbala as a remedy for his life’s reality, and this was understood from his reflections in his poetic text through narrative and dialogical methods.
Therefore, we found it preferable to choose the theme of internal dialogue, which is concerned with revealing the psychological and inner sentiments during interaction with reality, events, and characters, and the extent of their influence. This is evident in a verbal, poetic, dialogical, and dynamic manner. The researcher did not find benefit in the pictorial or rhetorical studies that explain the poet's linguistic and rhetorical capabilities from usage, nor in highlighting the capabilities and beauties of the language in the spoken and uttered words.

This study sheds light on a unique and significant female figure in Islamic history—one of the noblewomen of Banu Hashim, of Alawite and Husseini lineage, whose roots stem from the House of Prophethood and who drew knowledge from her grandfather, the Messenger of God, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). This figure is Lady Fatima, daughter of Imam Al-Hussein (peace be upon him).
This personality made effective and crucial contributions to successive political events, playing a vital jihadi, media, and intellectual role that greatly impacted the hearts of the general public. She was a woman who confronted enemies and stood against tyrants with her faith, awareness, wisdom, and unparalleled courage. Her powerful speeches had a profound effect in exposing the injustice and oppression of the Umayyads and their supporters.
Moreover, she was the living, eloquent witness to what transpired in the event of Taff in her father Al-Hussein’s (peace be upon him) camp. She undertook the responsibility of conveying her father’s will to her brother, Imam Ali Zain al-Abidin (peace be upon him). Her narrations played a tremendous role in exposing the Umayyad policies and the hardships endured by the Hashimi women at their hands, as well as how they stood against their enemies with rare courage and bravery.

This research analyzes and examines the visit to Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) as a religious ritual encompassing multiple dimensions, combining educational, spiritual, and social aspects. This makes it profoundly impactful in shaping individuals and communities. The study sheds light on the various dimensions of this visit, including its educational aspect, which fosters the instillation of moral and behavioral values derived from Imam Hussein's (peace be upon him) revolution, and the rational dimension that highlights its universality and harmony with human principles in honoring great personalities. It also addresses the ritualistic dimension, which reflects loyalty and intellectual and doctrinal affiliation.
Additionally, the research explores the emotional dimension, showcasing believers' sentimental connection to Ahlulbayt (peace be upon them), and the mystical dimension, which emphasizes the visit's role in spiritual purification. The study underscores that the visit to Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) is not merely a devotional practice but a comprehensive methodology for creating a visionary individual who upholds the values of Imam Hussein's movement and seeks to apply them in daily life.
The research adopts an analytical approach to studying religious texts and historical narratives related to the pilgrimage to Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), linking them to educational and social concepts. The study concludes that this visit significantly contributes to building a system of moral and social values and serves as an educational and social tool to encourage self and societal reform. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in reinforcing Islamic identity and fostering positive engagement with the principles of Imam Hussein's movement.
The study recommends enhancing academic research on Hussaini rituals and shedding light on their multifaceted dimensions, given their central role in building faithful communities and promoting lofty human values in the face of contemporary challenges.

Archaeological sites are the foundation of every city's history. They represent the tangible heritage through which historical information is revealed. The site of Al-Uqair is linked between ancient civilizations, known as the 'Uqar of Babylon, and Islamic civilization.
It is connected to the present, mentioned by Imam Hussein (PBUH), and other figures with a historical role, as mentioned by poets, and from here stems its importance. It is an ancient Karbala city, revived by Imam Hussein (PBUH); the presence of Imam Hussein (PBUH) in Karbala revived all the details of the city and made it the focus of everyone's attention, so how would it be if Al-Uqair was mentioned by his pure tongue?
In this research, we have traced Al-Uqair as a model linking the past and present of the city of Karbala, and in more than one era from ancient times until the present era, and we divided it into two sections: the first section: Al-Uqair (Ukira) in the ancient era as a city affiliated with Babylon, and the second section: Al-Uqair (Ukira) in the Islamic era. We hope that we have succeeded in our work, which included abundant and accurate information about this site.

Trips have received wide attention over the historical ages, to the extent that they have become a widely spread literature. The Arabs have shown great interest in travel literature, as it was one of the most enjoyable literary arts and closest to their hearts. The importance of travel books lies in the narratives of the travelers and the presentation of historical events, accompanied by literary images, strange anecdotes, thrilling stories, and wonderful scenes. The traveler reveals the culture of others and expresses personal experiences encountered during the journey. Therefore, travel literature is one of the most prominent means of historical and cultural documentation, contributing to the transfer of cultures and knowledge from one place to another. Among the travelers who have distinctly documented cities and historical sites, we find those who visited the city of Karbala and actively contributed to documenting its history, thus enhancing its cultural and historical identity, succeeding in preserving heritage and promoting cultural understanding and communication between different cultures
The fame of the city of Karbala, gained from the shrines of Imam Hussein and his brother Abu al-Fadl (peace be upon them), and the history of their construction, has captivated the minds of travelers and orientalists who traveled through regions and documented the city's architecture and shrines during different periods. Their writings provided vivid descriptions of the nature of the construction, the eras it passed through, its main components, and the significance the city holds in the sanctity in the hearts of the followers and adherents of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them).

Since trips and travelers are not limited to a specific period of time because they depend on the individual’s love of curiosity and exploration, therefore, our study attempts to uncover the identity of the travelers who visited the city during the nineteenth century AD (1801-1900) AD and recorded their observations or what they heard from the mouths of contemporaries while they were traveling in the city. Its various regions, and a sample of these travelers and orientalists was chosen to demonstrate the role they played in enriching the heritage of Karbala and displaying it to the world.

In this research, we delve into a topic of utmost importance where we explore the scholarly output of prominent professors from the holy seminary of Karbala and the city of Isfahan. We have the honor of making the utmost effort to examine various aspects of the scholarly output of Sayyid Muhammad Al-Mujahid. We will demonstrate to the reader the scholarly output of Sayyid Al-Mujahid through the handwritten manuscripts preserved in institutions, centers, and universities in both Iran and Iraq. The methodology used in this research is descriptive, and we have found numerous handwritten manuscripts attributed to Sayyid Muhammad Al-Mujahid (may his secrets be sanctified) in Iraqi and Iranian libraries. These manuscripts have been documented in this research.

The holy city of Kadhimiya was and still is one of the cities that has a special place in the soul of people, as well as in scholars and writers soul themself . This is due to what it output from scholarly and literary figures who had a prominent impact in spreading awareness, culture and literature in the history of Iraq. He has a collection of poetry, reviewed and investigate by Dr. Saad Al-Haddad and Dr. Qassem Shahri. We preferred to study his poetry on the objective and artistic levels, shedding light on the most important artistic characteristics of his poetry (may God have mercy on him).

Language is not only a tool for communication and communication, but it is subject to logical standards and mathematical relationships, which are in line with the speaker’s intention to persuade the recipient. Therefore, we tried to search for the mechanisms of Al-Hajjaj in the Encyclopedia of Batal Al-Alqami, by the scholar Ayatollah Sheikh Abdul Wahid Al-Muzaffar (may God have mercy on him). ), It is a unique example in which its owner tried to reveal the personality of Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas (peace be upon him), by invoking every noble value and generous quality that the Arabs love. The poet insisted in creating his images on what confirms his courage, altruism, and presence, which prompted us to study his words. Among An argumentative linguistic vision, the elements of which varied between arguments, supportive links, explicit and implicit results, and other argumentative elements, which contributed to achieving the argumentative function of the encyclopedia texts, which tend to achieve persuasion based on the prevailing value system in society, through an approach that gains Its importance stems from its entertaining and persuasive function, an attempt to influence the global audience

Religious or directive discourses in the heritage narrated from the Pure Imams, manifested in various collections such as sermons, letters, supplications, and visitations, are in fact formulated with intentional linguistic structures. Their expressions and vocabulary are meticulously chosen to ensure the achievement of their argumentative function for which they were intended. Based on this, the idea of this study emerged to select the text of the Comprehensive Ziyara of the Pure Imams, narrated by Imam Ali al-Hadi "Peace Be Upon Him," as an applied field to uncover the linguistic mechanisms contained in its expressions and what directive function they achieve. This is due to the importance of this ziyara and the richness of its linguistic content with diverse argumentative compositions that encompass deep purposes and objectives. This study is divided into six sections, preceded by an introduction that includes two main points: the chain of narration of the ziyara, and the concept of linguistic argumentation. The research concludes with a summary that compiles a set of findings from the study.

The research revolved around the development of the term Sharia taste over time، how it was formed in its first nucleus، and how jurists used it in their work and industries. The research consisted of four sections: the first dealt with definitions linguistically and terminologically، and the second contained two requirements: the first، the term was extrapolated in the Holy Qur’an and the Noble Sunnah، and the requirement The second is the use of the Noble Sunnah of the term (pronunciation) taste. The third topic is the historical monitoring of the taste of Sharia and its applications. The fourth topic consists of two requirements. The first deals with methods for discovering the taste of Sharia and its applications، and the second requirement is the validity of the taste of Sharia.

This research explores the concepts of authority and guardianship (wilayah) from both linguistic and terminological perspectives, drawing upon religious sources in the Holy Qur’an and the Prophetic Sunnah. It traces the relationship between these two concepts within Islamic thought and sheds light on their application in work and administration. The study also examines how these concepts are addressed in the three Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam).
The research concludes by highlighting the importance and objectives of guardianship in building a just society and establishing the principles of sound leadership. It ultimately finds that authority derives its legitimacy only through legitimate guardianship rooted in divine values and justice, and that the integration of authority with guardianship is essential to ensuring righteousness and fairness in governance and professional practice.

The research aims to demonstrate the impact of servant leadership behaviors on entrepreneurial success, and in order to achieve this, a hypothetical scheme was designed that illustrates the nature of the relationship between the variables, as the servant leadership variable was measured by five sub-behaviors (empowerment, helping subordinates to grow and succeed, creating value for society, and subordinate status). First, conceptual skills), and entrepreneurial success was measured by four sub-dimensions (financial dimension-profitability, entrepreneurial satisfaction, gratitude, and entrepreneurial readiness). The research started with a main problem that included several questions revolving around the nature of the relationship between its variables in the field, the most important of which was (Does the researched organization apply servant leadership practices and what is their impact on enhancing entrepreneurial success.)? For testing, the research hypotheses, the opinions of a sample of individuals working in (Al-Kafeel Specialist Hospital) were surveyed to obtain the required information through the (questionnaire) prepared for this purpose. The sample size was (152) individuals representing the segment of workers in Al-Kafeel Specialist Hospital. Several statistical tools were used to reach the required results, the most important of which are (exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach alpha analysis coefficient, standard deviation, arithmetic mean, simple correlation coefficient, simple regression analysis, test (T), test (F), interpretation coefficient (R2). , and the marginal slope coefficient (Beta) based on statistical programs (Excel.2019, Spss.V26). The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of an influence relationship of servant leadership in entrepreneurial success. Accordingly, a set of recommendations were presented, the most prominent of which was that the researched organization should increase Interest in showing the characteristics of servant leadership by adopting human values, beliefs and virtues, which leads to the creation of a positive work environment that enhances the self-motivation of individuals as well as to achieve entrepreneurial success.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of cognitive intelligence on improving the quality of services in organizations, especially in the context of health services. To ensure the growth, development and continuity of any service organization, this depends on its ability to perform its activities efficiently and activate cognitive intelligence processes. This comes through continuous improvement of the quality of services. The Warith Foundation for Oncology and Al-Kafeel Specialized Hospital in Holy Karbala were chosen as study cases, due to their importance as leading medical institutions in Iraq, and one of the reasons for choosing them as a field of study is because they are consistent with the directions of the current study. The study community included department heads and divisional officials in these two institutions, as their number reached 105 individuals. They all responded to the questionnaire 100%. The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data, and ready-made scales were relied upon after achieving validity and reliability. The study relied on data analysis using structural equation modeling to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that cognitive intelligence plays an ethical and effective role in improving the quality of services.

The researcher aims through the study to know the impact of the strategic response as an independent variable with its dimensions (resource liquidity, maturity of business operations, business response to the environment, business proactivity to the environment) on the quality of services as a dependent variable with its dimensions (reliability, guarantee, tangibility, empathy, response). The problem of this study was identified in the need of Al-Kafeel Specialist Hospital in Karbala Governorate to improve the quality of its services provided to patients and their companions as a proactive activity to meet the dynamic environmental and competitive challenges by relying on the strategic response. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, it was applied in Al-Kafeel Specialist Hospital in the holy city of Karbala, and the study population was represented by all the medical and nursing staff inside the hospital, numbering (530), and a sample of them (240) was selected, and the questionnaire was distributed to them. After retrieving the (231) questionnaires, and after sorting and checking them, the valid ones for statistical analysis reached (226), and (5) questionnaires were excluded because they were not valid for analysis. In order to analyze the data obtained from the respondents, (SPSS V.25), (Microsoft Excel) and (Amos V.25) were used. The study reached some important conclusions based on the results obtained, the most important of which was that the strategic response positively affects the quality of health services. From an accurate diagnosis of the procedures for providing services and being proactive, identifying patients’ requirements and responding to them in the best possible way, and this would enhance the level of quality of services provided to them.. The study presented some recommendations, the most important of which was the invitation of the hospital administration, the study sample, to enhance the quality of health services practices in terms of providing services With high-level quality, ensuring the accuracy of its results for patients, increasing confidence factors in the quality of services provided, and encouraging health staff to adopt factors of empathy and response to all patients’

The study aimed to demonstrate the impact of training & development on strategic ambidexterity, at the level of a sample of managers of the first, second and third organizational levels in food industry companies in the holy Karbala Governorate, as it enhances the social climate of the company, which contributes to improving organizational performance by enhancing trust and cooperation among employees, changing their behavior positively, and reducing their resistance to change, thus helping the company improve its performance and outperform competitors. Training & development were measured according to (Collins & Smith_ 2006_559) and strategic ambidexterity was measured by three sub-dimensions: (exploratory strategy, exploitative strategy, and flexible organizational structure). The main problem of the study was represented by a set of questions, the most important of which is: Does training & development affect strategic ambidexterity? The study sample included a (purposeful) sample consisting of (151) people, and the questionnaire was used as the main tool in collecting the necessary data. The study relied on statistical methods (SPSS, V25) and (Amos, V23). The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is that training & development affects strategic ambidexterity