JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL STUDIES

The years of the Second World War constituted a turning point in social and economic life, and the economic consequences of the war had great effects on Iraqi society, as the majority of the Iraqi people lived in poverty, especially the rural and rural residents, who made up more than half of the population of the society, and the economic situation represented backwardness in all its manifestations, and the government Imposed on him.

Most of the countries of the world paid great attention to the overall quality, and urged all their attention to the quality of education, as the magic wand to eliminate underdevelopment and walk at the knees of civilization, and by the past centuries, most of the countries discovered that the overall quality process does not meet the tasks assigned to it, and therefore began to review their educational systems.

The research revolves around joking between the legitimate and the forbidden in the light of the Sunnah of the Prophet, where the research clarifies the concept of joking linguistically and idiomatically, and between the legality of joking in rejection and acceptance as required by Islamic law, based on the noble hadiths and aphorisms. And the honorable hadiths, and he also touched on the delegate banter and explained its controls and conclusions through the Sunnah of the Prophet, based on the honorable sayings and hadiths, and summarized them with Seeking to be truthful and avoiding lying, to be economical, not to be excessive or persistent, not to incite grudges or stir grudges, not to be terrifying or intimidating to others, to be kind in speech and good in action, and to be most of it with those who need it, such as women And the children, as well as the research dealt with the banter of the Prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace) with his household and his companions, and with the children, based on the honorable prophetic hadiths and sayings, explaining some of the vocabulary intended for joking and what is indicative of the good association and tolerance of the Prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace) to his household and his companions And his people, and he does not differentiate between the old and the young, and his humility with everyone, and he was fragile and humble, as observed on the authority of Abdullah bin Al-Mughirah, where he said: “I have not seen anyone smile more than the Messenger of God” (may God bless him and grant him peace).

This study came to shed light on the internal political developments in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan between 1991-1992, following the turmoil in the southern regions in protest against the government’s policies and economic decisions, which prompted the Jordanian leadership to adopt the democratic option, or in more correct terms, the transition towards democracy and the implementation of a package of political reforms that were The Jordanian street is welcomed and supported, starting with the adoption of the National Charter and ending with the enactment of the Political Parties Law.
The study was divided into an introduction and several axes, the first of which dealt with the adoption of the National Charter, the second of which touched on the participation of the Muslim Brotherhood in the government of Mudar Badran, the third of which dealt with political changes in the era of the government of Taher al-Masri, and the fourth of which followed the abolition of exceptional laws, and the fifth included the legislation of the law of parties and the development of party life, as well as the conclusion that It included the most important findings of the
researcher.

This research aims to identify the reference of kinetic coloring in the creativity of the Andalusian poet (Ibn Zaydun), and provide a close-up picture of the elements of kinetic coloring, focusing on the relationship of color with movement, through the sensual image in its dialectical and interactive image, and the impact it leaves on the poetic painting, and its suggestive significance for the poet, the poetic models selected from the poet's Ibn Zaydun, and the colors were multiple, and they blended into the texture of the poetic painting, which increased its beauty, and Ibn Zaydun was a master artist in using The colors in his pictures are rich in meaning and symbol, and there is no doubt about this, because he grew up in her arms, and enjoyed her charming beauty. Ibn Zaydun was able to express his feelings and describe them accurately by defining his orientations and achieving his goals, using the appropriate meaning and precise pronunciation to communicate these feelings.

The current research aims to identify the relationship between social emotional efficiency and contradictions of self-perception among university students, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the scale of Boyatzis, 2002) and Arabized by (Idris 2014), and relied on the variable contradictions of self-perception on the scale Higgins, 1985)) which was Arabized by the warrior (1997) and extracted virtual honesty and stability, and the research sample consisted of (200) male and female students, they were randomly selected from the students of the University of Kirkuk, and after collecting data and analyzing them statistically Using the following means: Pearson's correlation coefficient and the T test for one sample and the T test for two independent samples and the T test for the significance of the correlation coefficient, the research reached the following results: The university students enjoy social emotional efficiency, and the results of the research found that university students have a level of contradictions of self-perception, and the study found that there is no relationship between social emotional efficiency and contradictions of self-perception.

Prison systems are often sensitive, particularly to society and women Moreover, there is a conflict when the situations are between the different sexes. When women are detained, it is important to apply international standards, taking into account the special needs of women when implementing laws, especially mothers, because the application of psychological needs differs from relevant international standards. Taking into account gender differences, it can be ensured that women prisoners are treated in an appropriate manner and acceptable conditions of imprisonment are provided in accordance with the principles of treaty provisions and customary rules relevant to the detention and imprisonment of women. Finally, the national law which is the framework mostly referred to in matters relating to detainees and prisoners should be taken into consideration .

Whether the money owned is movable or real; eaten or uneaten; animal or plant; means of production or means of consumption, all this difference in the money subject to ownership does not matter; because the money added to the individual is in addition to property and competence, economic freedom within Islamic borders achieves aspects of the intended interest, and protects it from tyranny leading to aggression or wasting the freedoms of others or spoiling in life.

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

The history of Andalusia represents an exceptional period of coexistence and tolerance between different religions, and it is a topic that aroused the interest of many researchers and historians, as the research reflects the time period that lasted for more than five centuries, where Andalusia was home to Muslims, Christians, and Jews alike living side by side, and this period was distinguished By appreciating religious and cultural differences and adopting dialogue and coexistence between them.

The history of Andalusia represents an exceptional period of coexistence and tolerance between different religions, and it is a topic that aroused the interest of many researchers and historians, as the research reflects the time period that lasted for more than five centuries, where Andalusia was home to Muslims, Christians, and Jews alike living side by side, and this period was distinguished By appreciating religious and cultural differences and adopting dialogue and coexistence between them.The research addressed many important aspects, such as cultural, scientific and artistic exchange between them, and also sheds light on literature, poetry and philosophy that express the spirit of coexistence and tolerance at that time.The research also highlights the vital role of rulers and governments in promoting tolerance and creating an environment that allows for peaceful coexistence between religions. This study emphasizes the importance of dialogue and understanding between different religions and cultures, and urges inspiration from lessons and human values from that important historical period Peaceful coexistence and tolerance are the key to unity and peace in our contemporary societies, and Andalusian literature can be a model of positive coexistence between diverse culture.

Research Summary This study seeks to reveal the efforts, and the importance of the state of Yazid bin Muhallab, took over the rule in the Islamic East on Khorasan after the death of his father Muhallab, and he opened Gorgan, Tabaristan, Khwarazm, Dahistan, and the rest of the cities of the Islamic East have the importance in spreading the teachings of the Islamic religion, as these areas are important for the neighboring eastern gate of the Umayyad Arab state represented by Iraq and its borders with Persia and the rest of the other cities, towards Transoxiana until the Islamic conquests reached the borders of China and India, and these areas pose a threat to the Umayyad Arab state, because it has always been unstable, carried out by revolutions against the Arab Islamic state from the East, as well as they depose its ruler and successor thanks to the insistence of governors, workers, and Arab leaders, including Yazid bin Al-Muhallab, who was characterized by wisdom, political sophistication and management that made him qualified for this work and win the favor of others in the Islamic East, Al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf Al-Thaqafi, Wali of Iraq, wrote to Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan (65/86 AH) appointing him as governor of Khorasan in the year (83/102 AH) after the death of his father Muhallab. Yazid began to receive all things, he made several repairs.

Tsarist Russia switched with every effort and dedication for a long time, in order to prepare its people and its military forces, and adopted a strategy through which it could form a large state on the European continent and the world, and its first implementation was expansion at the expense of neighboring countries, including the sprawling Ottoman Empire, this was the beginning of a long conflict between the: France, Britain and Austria, the interests of these countries were the competing factor between them, by playing on the chord of religious minorities and the nature of their treatment within the states of the Ottoman Empire, and so these countries played a major role in the course of Russian-Ottoman relations, especially during the period between (1801-1807), as the visions of European countries conflicted at the beginning of the nineteenth century on the fate of the Ottoman Empire, each country had its own vision of that according to its interests

The Russian-Ukrainian war was a devastating blow to the global economy in general and the European economy in particular, especially since the European economy depends in many areas on Russian and Ukrainian products, whether in the fields of energy, agriculture, or industry.
The rise in prices in European countries and the increase in food costs led to an increase in inflation rates in most European countries. In Sweden, for example, the inflation rate reached 6.1%, which it had not witnessed in 30 years.