Al-Fatih journal

The current study aimed to identify the most prominent methods, foundations and prevailing standards for the application of comprehensive quality in university education institutions and to reveal the most important appropriate methods for measuring comprehensive quality at the Technological University (as a model) and to reach the most important results of that current study to propose a model for applications and measure the most important principles of the requirements of applying comprehensive quality in other Iraqi universities and the nature of engineering (applied) education in the technological university.
The researcher prepared the study tool (questionaries) targeting a selected sample of faculty members at the Technological University, which consisted of (100) faculty members. The questionnaire included three basic themes related to the nature of the most important teaching activities according to the requirements of the most important foundations and standards of comprehensive quality to repay the most important requirements of the teaching process. The results of the research showed the importance of applying the most important standards and foundations of comprehensive quality in the nature of the tasks of university education activities, as it is a process of continuous improvement and development in the process of university education with its objectives and applications.
The most important recommendations to achieve the goals, foundations, and standards of comprehensive quality in the reality of the number and rehabilitation of graduates of the Technological University are:
1- The need for periodic review of courses and updating them in accordance with the requirements of technological development in engineering sciences.
2- Preparing a scientific brochure or guide that includes the most important courses of scientific engineering programs that are related to the most important objectives of the technological university.
3- Development of laboratory work requirements.
4- Forming scientific and research teams and promoting scientific research at the university.
5- The need to make technical laboratories and workshops productive for the most important requirements of the labor market
6- Encouraging scientific research.
7- The need for an integrated system in how to select a member of the teaching staff.
8- Evaluation of the performance of the faculty member according to the principles and standards of the atmosphere.

This study explores the impact of the (Carousel) Strategy on mental fitness among fifth grade primary students in science. The study formulates the following null hypothesis: "There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the mean scores of students in the experimental group, who study science using the (Carousel) Strategy, and the mean scores of students in the control group, who study the same subject using traditional methods, on the mental fitness scale prepared for this purpose."
A quasi-experimental design with partial control for two equivalent groups was employed. A random sample of 74 students from "Abi Al-Darda Primary School for Boys," under the Diyala Education Directorate – Baqubah District, was selected. The sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group (38 students) and a control group (36 students) during the first semester of the academic year 2024-2025. A mental fitness scale consisting of 20 items was developed and validated for reliability and validity.
Statistical methods, including Cronbach's alpha, discriminant validity, chi-square, and Pearson correlation coefficient, were utilized. The results revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in mental fitness. Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that employing the (Carousel) Strategy positively impacts students' mental fitness. Consequently, the researchers recommend integrating the (Carousel) Strategy into primary science education and suggest further studies across different educational levels.

The primary stage is considered the basic stage for building the individual learner in various scientific, psychological, and physical aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to this stage and identify the matters that would delay learning among students from their peers, and among these matters are learning difficulties among students. Therefore, the researcher decided to study. This situation depends on the teachers who are in constant contact with this segment and are most familiar with what they suffer during the stages of primary education. The researcher prepared a questionnaire with three dimensions: the first dimension related to the student, the second dimension related to the family aspect, and the third pedagogical dimension related to the teaching method and the school (with five answer options
very much, a lot, sometimes, a little, no) and it includes (23) items. The research sample included teachers studying at the Open Educational College and the Salah al-Din Study Center. After processing the data statistically, we found that learning difficulties, from the teachers’ perspective, were primarily related to the student’s causes, followed in second place by the reasons related to the family aspect, and in third place by the reasons related to the pedagogical aspect. The researcher recommended:
- The need for early detection of students with learning difficulties in the early stages of primary school.
- Considering the individual differences between students with learning difficulties and not comparing them to their peers and developing study curricula that are compatible with their abilities and cognitive potential.

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship of certain kinds of motor transport with the accuracy of the overhand serve to the junior volleyball.
The research assumed that there is a statistically significant relationship of certain kinds of motor transport and the accuracy of the overhand serve to the junior volleyball.
The researcher used a descriptive method in the style of correlational relationships of Maysan Junior Volleyball Clubs players participating in the game league of 2023 and the number of (16) players aged between (14-16) years. The sample of the study consisted of (10) players.
The researcher used a set of questionnaires to gather the opinions of experts, specialists, tools and devices in conducting tests and collecting data. The statistical program SPSS (version 29) was used to obtain the results.
The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between certain types of motor transport and the accuracy of performing the overhand serve skill in volleyball, thus achieving the objective of the study.
The recommendations emphasize the importance of the ability of motor transport for its essential role in performing the skill of the overhand serve skill in volleyball.

The current study aimed to present the comprehensive access to serve individuals with disabilities and their families, examining the program’s role in facilitating access to performing religious rituals from the point of view of the families of individuals with disabilities and their motivation to visit the Holy Mosque of Mecca on an ongoing basis.
The researcher used a questionnaire administrated to families of individuals with disabilities. The study sample included (42) families of individuals with disabilities, the number of male families was (21) and the number of female families was (21). There were (42) electronic questionnaires distributed to the families of individuals with disabilities.
The study concluded with several recommendations, the most important are increasing the number of prayer halls and classifying them according to the type of disability in order to facilitate the work of volunteer teams, and the importance of using some advanced electronic applications to serve individuals with disabilities, with an interest in conducting more research and studies in the field of comprehensive access to support the desire of individuals with disabilities to repeat their visits to the Holy Mosque of Mosque of Mecca

This study aims to investigate the effect of the "Send a Question" strategy on the scientific literacy among fifth-grade female students in the subject of science. The following null hypothesis was formulated:
"There is no statistically significant difference at the (0.05) level between the mean scores of the students who study science using the 'Send a Question' strategy and those who study using the conventional method on the scientific literacy scale."
The research population consisted of 35 public elementary schools for girls in the center of Baqubah District, affiliated with the Diyala Directorate of Education. A quasi-experimental design with partial control was adopted for two equivalent groups. To achieve the research objective, a random sample of 48 female students was selected from Al-Hudaybiyah Primary School for Girls, divided into an experimental group (26 students) and a control group (22 students), for the first semester of the 2024–2025 academic year.
The instructional material included the first six chapters of the fifth-grade science textbook, which comprised 200 behavioral objectives. Based on these, 26 lesson plans were developed for each group. A scientific literacy scale consisting of 37 items was constructed, and its validity and reliability were verified. Statistical tools used included: Cronbach’s Alpha, Kuder-Richardson Formula 20, Chi-square test, item difficulty and discrimination indices, effectiveness of distractors, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman-Brown equation, independent samples t-test, and Eta-squared formula. After administering the final version of the research instrument to the sample, the results revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group on the scientific literacy scale. Based on these findings, the study presented conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions for future research.

This study aims to examine the impact of skill-based exercises designed according to the Eisencraft Model on learning football shooting skills among first-year students at the College of Basic Education. The experimental methodology was adopted, using a two-group design (control and experimental groups), as it aligns with the nature of the research problem. The research sample consisted of 20 randomly selected students, divided equally into two groups. The experimental group underwent a training program based on the Eisencraft Model, while the control group received instruction using traditional methods. A set of skill exercises was developed to improve shooting accuracy, speed, and ball control in game-like situations, addressing the observed weakness in learning this specific skill. The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of these skill-based exercises, grounded in the Eisencraft Model, in enhancing students’ ability to perform football shooting techniques. It is hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-test results of both groups, favoring the experimental group. The research focused on first-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at the College of Basic Education, with a total of 20 participants. Data were analyzed and interpreted using statistical methods, which revealed a significant improvement in the experimental group’s performance in skill-based tests. The researcher recommends integrating modern instructional models into training curricula to enhance students' skill performance in team sports, particularly football. These findings approve the efficacy of the Eisencraft Model in improving the acquisition of shooting skills in football. Based on the results, the researcher recommends incorporating modern educational models, such as the Eisencraft Model, into training curricula to enhance students’ skill performance in team sports, particularly football.

This study aimed to develop an instructional model based on the Cognitive Flexibility Theory and examine its effect on knowledge depth and creative problem-solving among first-grade intermediate female students through teaching the "Nature of Matter" unit in the science curriculum. The researcher adopted the experimental method using a pre-post control group design. The sample consisted of 60 randomly selected students from a public school in Riyadh, who were divided into two groups: an experimental group (n=30) taught using the proposed model, and a control group (n=30) taught using conventional methods. Two instruments were developed: a Knowledge Depth Test and a Creative Problem-Solving Skills Test, both of which were validated and tested for reliability. The results revealed statistically significant differences at the level (α ≤ 0.01) in favor of the experimental group on both variables, with a large effect size (η² ≥ 0.75), indicating the model’s effectiveness in deepening scientific understanding and enhancing creative problem-solving abilities. The researcher recommends integrating the principles of Cognitive Flexibility Theory into science curriculum design and teacher preparation programs, and suggests applying the model across other educational stages and subject areas.

Environmental art contributes to improve the urban landscape by raising community awareness of the importance of environmental aesthetics and designing artworks that contribute to beautifying and visually addressing pollution. Integrating art with nature also enhances the appeal of public spaces and reflects local cultural identity. Furthermore, environmental art contributes to building a shared environmental awareness and improving the city's overall visual taste. Accordingly, the research was divided into four sections. Section one addresses the methodological framework of the research problem, which includes the question: Does environmental art have a role in addressing visual pollution in the city of Baqubah, from the perspective of professors at the College of Fine Arts, University of Diyala?
The importance and need for the research lie in highlighting the role of environmental art in addressing visual pollution, from the perspective of professors at the College of Fine Arts in the city of Baqubah. The aim of the research was to identify the role of environmental art in addressing visual pollution in the city of Baqubah from the perspective of professors at the College of Fine Arts, University of Diyala. The research was then divided into the research boundaries and definition of terminology. Section Two, the theoretical framework, included two sub-sections. The first sub-section dealt with environmental art: its concept, importance, and characteristics. The second sub-section dealt with an introduction to visual pollution, followed by previous studies and the results of the theoretical framework. Section Three, the research procedures, included the research community, including professors at the College of Fine Arts, University of Diyala. As for the methodology, the researcher adopted a descriptive analytical approach. For the research sample, she relied on 37 male and female professors. As for the research tool, the researcher prepared a questionnaire and presented it to experts. To validate the tool, the researcher relied on apparent validity, followed by an analysis of the research samples. Section Four included the following results:
1. Environmental art plays a role in strengthening cultural identity by enhancing the city's visual identity and reducing foreign elements that increase visual pollution.
2-Environmental art contributes effectively to improving the overall appearance of the city and reducing visual pollution caused by random construction, unregulated advertising, and electrical wiring. Conclusions, recommendations, suggestions, and key sources were discussed.

The research aims to analyze John Dewey's educational philosophy in light of the vision of contemporary philosophical renewal of education and teaching, and to explore the possibility of applying his ideas in improving modern educational systems. The research is based on a main question: What is the analysis of John Dewey's educational philosophy in light of the vision of contemporary philosophical renewal of education and teaching? To answer this question, the research relies on a theoretical framework that addresses Dewey's philosophy of education, where the concept of his philosophy of education, the status of his educational thought, the reality of the school and its prospects, the foundations of the educational process, and the social orientation of education are reviewed, in addition to the criticism directed at him. The study concludes that John Dewey's philosophy of education has brought about a fundamental transformation in the field of education, especially in light of the rapid changes and contemporary technological developments. Dewey provided a philosophical and educational framework through which Arab educational systems can liberate themselves from traditional methods and enhance the individual mind and free will. Arab educational systems can benefit from Dewey's ideas, taking into account the cultural and social specificities of each environment, to achieve a balance between authenticity and modernity. Dewey's philosophy is characterized by its flexibility and close connection to social and cultural reality, as the goals of education stem from the needs of learners and their life experiences, which enhances the comprehensive growth of the individual and society. These goals include psychological, social and scientific aspects, making them able to adapt to the rapid changes in the contemporary world. The research recommended that by building flexible educational goals, enhancing the role of the teacher as a guide, enabling the learner to actively interact with his environment, and linking the subject matter to practical life, educational systems can go beyond traditional practices and adopt more advanced and effective methods. Taking into account cultural and social specificities, this philosophy can be a guide towards achieving more democratic and comprehensive education.

The aim of the research is to prepare a training program in developing aesthetic education among primary school pupils. It also aims to identify the effect of a training program in developing aesthetic education among primary school pupils. The researcher used the experimental method, the research sample was selected from the pupils of Al-Fida’i Al-Falastini Elementary School for Boys and the pupils of Al-Wifaq Elementary School for Girls. The sample of the study included (60) male and female pupils. They were divided into two groups, experimental and control, and they were selected randomly from the research community, Then the researcher prepared an educational curriculum, and prepared a questionnaire form. The most important results were the significant difference between the results of the control and experimental groups in the post-test, in favor of the experimental group. The researcher recommends conducting further experimental studies that measure the impact of aesthetic programmes on the behavioural, emotional and cognitive aspects of pupils.

The present study aims to identify the effect of a counselling program using the cognitive disputation technique in reducing academic procrastination among female university students. To test this objective, the following hypothesis was formulated: There are no statistically significant differences between the ranks of the scores of the experimental group and the control group on the Academic Procrastination Scale in the pre-test and post-test at a significance level of 0.05. The researcher adopted the Academic Procrastination Scale developed by Salih (2013) based on Ellis’s theory. The scale was applied to a sample of 410 female students, and the statistical properties of the scale items were verified, showing that all items were valid except the first item. The scale’s validity and reliability were confirmed, with a test–retest reliability coefficient of 0.95 and a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.78. The final scale consisted of 22 items. The researcher then designed a counselling program using the thought-disputation technique and applied it to a sample of 10 students in the experimental group. The results indicated statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-test, favoring the experimental group. The researcher employed appropriate statistical methods, including the independent samples t-test, Chi-square, Mann–Whitney test, mean, and standard deviation. Based on the findings, the researcher presented several recommendations, including the importance of activating academic counselling through counselling units within colleges, encouraging counsellors to reach out to students, deliver awareness lectures, reduce procrastination, help students manage their time effectively, and provide psychological and social support to strengthen students’ self-confidence and ability to cope with fear and failure. The study also proposed conducting further research to explore the relationship between academic procrastination and variables such as time management, personality types, and self-regulation, as well as implementing other counselling programs—such as rational-emotive counselling, self-statements, and cognitive counselling—to reduce procrastination among university students

The study aims to identify the concept of apology among kindergarten children. According to the gender variable (male - female) and to achieve the research objectives, the researcher constructed a test (for the concept of apology), adopting the integrative theory that addressed the concept of apology in constructing the test. The test, in its final form, consisted of (14) items. The test included two alternatives: if the child apologizes within (5) minutes, or does not apologize within (5) minutes, with weights of (0, 1). Thus, the highest test score was (14), the lowest score was (0), and the hypothetical mean was (7). After verifying the test's validity and reliability, the instrument was ready for application. The scale was applied to a sample of (300) kindergarten children in Baqubah, Diyala Governorate, affiliated with the Diyala Education Directorate, for the academic year (2024-2025). The results were extracted using statistical methods, and the results were as follows:
1- The sample consisted of kindergarten children based on the concept of apology.
2- Males have a greater understanding of apology than females.
Recommendations: Based on the study findings, the researcher recommends the following:
- Families should instill the virtue of apologizing in their children when they wrong others by creating a role model for the child from the parents and all family members. This can be achieved by demonstrating this virtue among themselves and taking the initiative to apologize when they wrong the child.
- Educators must educate themselves educationally and learn the various educational methods and skills necessary to instill Islamic virtues and values that are appropriate for children of all ages and personalities, and that are appropriate for different situations.
Suggestions
1-Conduct a study examining the concept of apology and its relationship to certain variables, such as the family's economic, cultural, or social status

The aim of this research was to design educational units based on the cognitive acceleration strategy for learning the technical performance of the shot put among students. The research also aimed to identify the effect of this strategy on learning the technical performance of the shot put, and to determine the superiority between the cognitive acceleration strategy and the method currently adopted by the instructor in teaching the technical performance of the shot put.
The research hypotheses stated that there are statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test for both the control and experimental groups in favor of the experimental group in the technical performance of the shot put, as well as statistically significant differences in the post-test results between the control and experimental groups in favor of the experimental group.
In the third section, the researcher adopted the experimental method due to its suitability for the nature of the research problem. The research sample consisted of (100) first-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Diyala, for the academic year 2024–2025, with (50) students in each group. The research procedures included fieldwork, pilot experiments, designing the educational units based on the cognitive acceleration strategy, preparing exercises specific to the event, and integrating them into the main part of the educational units. These were implemented following the pilot experiments and the administration of the pre- and post-tests.
The results showed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in the technical performance of the shot put under study. The researcher concluded that the cognitive acceleration strategy is effective in learning the technical performance of the shot put under investigation.
The most important conclusion was that employing the cognitive acceleration strategy has a positive and significant impact on learning the technical performance of the shot put among first-year students compared to the traditional method

The current research aims to construct a scale for intellectual fraud among university students according to the generalized partial credit model. To achieve this, the researcher took scientific steps in the procedures for constructing the test, relying on Glance's definition to construct (25) items. Then, to verify the logical validity of the items and extract the apparent validity of measuring intellectual fraud, the scale was presented to (10) specialists in educational and psychological sciences, and in light of their comments, the wording of some of them was modified, and no item of the scale was excluded in order to obtain an agreement rate. Thus, the apparent validity of the scale was verified. After that, the scale was presented to a pilot sample of (40) male and female students who were randomly selected from the University of Baghdad to determine the time taken to perform the scale and the clarity of the instructions, to know the standard characteristics of the scale and to verify the assumptions of the generalized partial credit model. The scale was applied to a sample of (600) morning university students, who were randomly selected. The researcher relied on the Generalized Partial Credit Model (GPCM) in analyzing this, which is one of the models of modern theory of measurement and used the statistical program (SPSS jmetrik4.1). The most important results that she reached. The generalized partial credit model (GPCM) was found to be consistent with the model's assumptions, with all items having good properties. The researcher then reached a set of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

This study aimed to conduct a comparative content analysis of the Arabic language textbooks for the sixth preparatory grade the old edition (2022) and the new edition (2023) considering the cognitive skills outlined in Bloom’s Taxonomy. The researchers followed a descriptive analytical approach, employing a content analysis tool designed based on essential criteria extracted from previous studies, relevant literature, and expert opinions. The study population included the two official textbooks used in Iraq. Their content was analyzed according to Bloom’s six cognitive levels: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The researcher ensured validity and reliability of the instrument through two methods: inter-rater reliability (82%) and test-retest reliability using Holsti’s formula (90%). The findings revealed that the new edition outperformed the old in terms of frequency of items at the knowledge (113 vs. 83), comprehension (146 vs. 69), analysis (72 vs. 62), and synthesis levels (20 vs. 14). However, the old edition scored higher in the application level (63 vs. 66), with a relatively higher percentage. No significant difference was observed in the evaluation level between the two editions. Overall, the results suggest that the newer edition is more systematically organized and better aligned with the development of higher-order thinking skills, reflecting an educational shift towards modernized and skill-based curricula.

This study aimed to reveal the efficiency of using the generative learning model on academic achievement, attitudes towards chemistry in first-year middle school students. To attain these aims, the study adopted the experimental approach, using two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The study sample contained (40) middle school students, who were equally divided into two groups: the experimental group: studied the "Chemical Reactions" unit using the generative learning model. The control group: studied the same unit using the usual traditional method. To collect data, the following tools were prepared: (an achievement test to measure academic achievement and a scale for attitudes towards chemistry). The results of the study revealed statistically significant differences between the average scores of the two groups in the post-application of the achievement test and the attitude scale, in favor of the experimental group. The results also showed that the model contributed to the among the experimental group. Considering these results, the study recommended the necessity of employing the generative learning model in teaching science subjects at the middle school level, given its effectiveness in improving achievement and developing attitudes towards chemistry.

Multiple learning styles have been associated with individuals in recent comprehensive studies. An individual\'s learning style is indicative of how well they take in and retain new knowledge. When it comes to sensory attribute classification, VARK\'s framework is the most well-known among the several learning model methods. The aims of this study are (1) to find out the effect of instructional strategies informed by the VARK model (visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic) in enhancing EFL learners\' lexical competence and (2) to identify which VARK learning modalities (visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic) are most effective in enhancing lexical competence. It’s hypothesized that (1) there is no statistically significant difference in the lexical competence of EFL learners taught using VARK-based instructional strategies compared to those taught using traditional methods. (2) There is no statistically significant difference between the four types of modalities (visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic) at the significance level (0.05). To achieve these aims, 50 sixth-year school students have been taken from Al-Muhsin Secondary School in Diyala province and participated in this study and have been randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group has received VARK-based instructional strategies. In this study a validated test and various statistical tools have been used to analyze the collected data. According to the findings, several conclusions and recommendations are put forward.

The present study aims to shed light on the crucial roles of using digital games generally on enhancing English language learning and specifically on supporting stealth assessment which is a new technology that embeds ongoing formative assessment in game -based environments without the awareness of the students who are being assessed. The study also aims at guaranteeing complete comprehension of the term stealth assessment by Iraqi EFL teachers, investigating their perceptions toward using educational digital games to support stealth assessment and comparing their perceptions based on the variables of gender and age generation (25-35&35-55) . The study also aims to identify the main types of digital games that can be most effective for applying stealth assessment in English language classrooms. Sixty EFL teachers were chosen randomly from different distinguished secondary schools from the general directorate of Baghdad ( Al -Rusafa District ) to represent the study sample. The researcher has constructed a questionnaire after confirming its face validity by exposing it to specialized experts in EFL teaching methods and applied linguistics.After analyzing the results of the study by using suitable statistical methods , they demonstrate that EFL teachers have high positive perceptions towards using educational digital games for supporting stealth assessment . They also indicate that Duolingo , Quizlet, and Minecraft digital games are the most effective for applying stealth assessment . This study also recommends that teachers ca use educational digital games in learning and teaching English language as they are the best method for keeping the students engaged in teaching classrooms .

This study examines the effect of association techniques on enhancing the English reading skills on students' academic performance using an experimental design. The study was conducted with a total of 82 students which applies a pre-test/post-test model to measure changes in reading proficiency. The students were given a reading skills test before and after a two-month instructional intervention focused on enhancing reading strategies such as skimming, scanning, and inferencing. The data were analyzed using paired sample t-tests to assess the statistical significance of the improvement. Results showed a notable increase in students’ reading skills scores after integrating association techniques with the educational material, indicating the effectiveness of targeted reading instruction. The findings highlight the value of structured reading programs in improving language learning outcomes. It is recommended that educators adopt these techniques in other educational settings to support students with low reading proficiency.

Reading Comprehension is challenging for the majority of EFL learners due to their poor reading ability, limited vocabulary, and lack of the language competence.  Moreover, the modern trends of teaching English which give priority to spoken language at the sacrifice of the written language weaken learners' ability in writing.  Consequently, the learners either neglect answering the questions on the reading passages which appear as the first question in every school and ministerial examination or answer them carelessly.  The study proposes a training programme for those learners, it was built on the above- mentioned situation which necessitates adopting a simplified way for teaching this activity and using learners' native language in some occasions to overcome the difficulties they face and clarify some difficult points, they suffer from. The learners have incomplete knowledge or faulty knowledge of the target language.  The programme was applied on a sample of (46) students at Al-Shareef Al-Radhi Preparatory School for Boys in Dayala Governorate. The students were exposed to pre- and post-tests during the academic year (2022-2023). The Findings revealed that there was a significant difference in the performance of the students in the post tests. The mean score of the students in the pre-test is (3.173), whereas the mean score in the post-test is (5.086) which is obviously higher than the pre-test and the calculated t- value is ( 9.91 ) higher than the scheduled t- value (1.96 ) .