Thi-Qar journal for human science

This research attempts to present a range of contrasting viewpoints on 19th century literature by examining the concept of the governess. This study will also clarify how a governess in the early 19th century was portrayed as a victim of challenging circumstances, at the mercy of conceited and sometimes savage employers. By the mid-19th century, shifts in social and economic contexts influenced the lives of governesses and, consequently, the manner in which the governess was represented in literature. Although the novel Villette by Charlotte Bronte does not serve a didactic purpose, it addresses the struggles faced by governesses' living conditions by examining their issues through a feminist lens. Bronte vividly portrays the protagonist's everyday existence. Villette continually navigates the arrogance exhibited by both male and female employers. The protagonist perceives her predicament as being ensnared between that of a servant and a member of the elite. Through this character, Bronte unveils the brutality and moral vacuity that characterize the aristocratic class within English society. While the origins of the governess figure in literature trace back to 18th century educational tales and novels featuring established governesses, the interactions, lives, and challenges of governesses with their students only began to emerge in novels at the dawn of the 19th century. Villette stands as one of the early works that also explores the relationship between the governess and her pupils.