Dirasat Mosiliya

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This research investigates the role of education in poverty reduction, specifically from the perspective of middle school principals, within the framework of educational economics. It also aims to identify statistically significant differences in their responses based on gender and years of administrative experience. A descriptive survey approach was adopted, with the research community comprising all (126) male and female principals of government middle schools across both sides of Mosul city. The final sample consisted of (120) principals after excluding incomplete questionnaires.
To achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire was prepared, featuring (36) items distributed across three key axes: the economic return on education, the efficiency of the education system, and the relationship between education and the labor market. The validity of this instrument was confirmed by presenting it to a panel of arbitrators, and its reliability was established using retesting methods and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, both indicating high stability. Statistical analysis included arithmetic means, standard deviations, and the T-test for two independent samples.
The findings reveal a significant role for education in poverty reduction, evidenced by an overall arithmetic mean of (4.15) and a percentage weight of (83%). The economic return axis ranked highest, followed by the labor market relationship axis, and then the educational efficiency axis. No statistically significant differences were found based on gender, but differences were observed in favor of principals with (10 years or more) of administrative experience. The study recommends curriculum development to enhance applied skills, reduce school dropout rates, increase government support for education, and strengthen private sector partnerships.

This research examines the employment of married women and its social implications on the Muslim family, as one of the significant social phenomena reflecting the evolving role of women in modern Muslim society. The study aims to analyze how women's employment influences family structure and social relations within the household, as well as the changes it brings to the clisribution of roles and responsive bilities between spouses, There search adopts a social analytical approach, focusing on Understamoing the social and cultural dimensions of married women's work and its compatibility with the prevailing values of Mosuli society it also highlights the challenge that working women face in balancing professional duties and family responsibilities, and how these challenges. Various reflections on n family Produce various stability and social interactions.
The findings show that married women's employment has become an essential part of Mosul's social reality. It contributes to the family's economic support and enhances women's social status and participation, yet it may also lead to family pressures due to overlapping roles and responsibilities.

The study aimed to design an educational program to regulate disruptive behavior among athletes in Nineveh province center. It also aimed to identify the impact of the educational program on controlling the disruptive behavior of the athletes. The study sample consisted of 20 players selected randomly. An experimental research method was used, employing a single-group experimental design with pre-test and post-test. The disruptive behavior scale (Al-Obaidi, 2017) was applied to measure disruptive behavior which consisted of 42 items, distributed across four dimensions (stimulation and annoyance, aggression, property destruction, violations of regulations) with three response options (always, sometimes, never). The study found a reduction in disruptive behavior among the athletes by an average of 40 points, which is a result of the educational program that led to the regulation of disruptive behavior.

Through this research, we sought to uncover the nature of the relationship between transformations in the system of social thought and their reflections on the social structures of Mosul society. The descriptive analytical method was used. The conclusion drawn from this research is that there is a correlational relationship between transformations in the system of thought and social structures—a relationship that is not linear but rather dialectical, interactive, and intricately intertwined.
The acute intellectual transformations resulting from the American occupation of the country, the change of the political system, the dissolution of state institutions, and the subsequent security deterioration and declining living standards for most members of Mosul society have disturbed the psychological and social equilibrium of the individual. The social memory has become crowded with painful events, the collective consciousness has fragmented, and the values of solidarity and cohesion among the components of Mosul society have regressed in favor of sub-identities at the expense of national identity. Some features of the Mosuli personality have changed: the values of hard work and perseverance have diminished, while values of quick gain have emerged as a means to achieve immediate security in the context of psychological and social instability.
The role of the middle class in society has declined, institutional performance has weakened, job dissatisfaction has become widespread, a confused critical thinking has developed among Mosuli youth, and signs of extremism in various directions have appeared. This has created a disoriented reality as a result of the imbalance in the process of transformation within the system of thought and social structures in Mosul society.

Freedom represents a value vision through which the social relations of individuals are embodied, subject to the culture of the society to which they belong, and enjoys a historical, social, and temporal specificity that does not accept borrowing from one environment to another, Deviating from it is considered a distortion of everything that could represent sanctities or value constants, He takes into account his social rejection of them, describing them as diseases that threaten stability and balance in society, Therefore, freedom is represented pathologically through some behavioral practices that are not in harmony with the values, customs, and cultural norms that society believes in, which reflect their understanding of the values of freedom, Therefore, in this research we tried to focus on freedom as a disease and its social repercussions on Mosul society, To investigate this issue, we utilized a social survey methodology by employing a questionnaire tool and observational study, with a sample size of 300 respondents, to verify our research hypothesis that there is a relationship between the pathology of individual freedom and the stability and cohesion of society.

The book Al-Qamoos Al-Muhit by Al-Fayrouzabadi, d. 817 AH/1414 AD, is considered one of the linguistic books because its author is considered one of the famous scholars in the field of writing linguistic and literary works. In addition to being a dictionary that includes the interpretation and explanation of the derivations of verbs and nouns in the Arabic language, it is also considered one of the works that contained material Buldanist with regard to regions, Bekaa, cities, villages, and other countries, such as rivers, seas, springs, water springs, mountains, valleys, etc., and from this standpoint, this research came to introduce a group of places adjacent to the city of Mosul through this book.

The city of Mosul represented one of the most important Islamic urban centers during the medieval period. in the fourth century ah / tenth century CE, it acquired a distinguished economic status and became a prosperous economic center influencing its regional surroundings. this prosperity was largely due to its strategic geographical location on the Tigris River and along the international trade routes linking the eastern and western parts of the Islamic world. such a position contributed to strengthening economic growth and diversifying productive activities. As a result, Mosul enjoyed abundant agricultural production, flourishing local industries, and an expansion of commercial activity.
The aim of this study is to identify the main economic features of the city during this century that shaped its economy, including agriculture, industry, trade, and markets. during this period, Mosul was under the rule of the Hamdanids, who governed from 293–381 ah / 905–991 CE. in the last twenty years of the fourth century AH, Mosul came under the control of the Uqaylids, whose rule continued until 489 ah / 1095 CE. the study also examines the factors that influenced these economic activities, most notably the strategic geographical location of the city. Mosul’s position on the Tigris river gave it significant importance, making it a strategic center for trade and transportation. the city served as a link between the levant and Iraq and functioned as an important passage for trade between the east and the west. moreover, the Tigris river facilitated transportation and the movement of goods, while also contributing to the irrigation of the agricultural lands surrounding the city.

This research is concerned with studying astronomy in the city of Hatra and its influence on the arts, architecture and archaeological aspects of the city, an aspect that has not been given much attention. Astronomy is linked to religious beliefs and astronomical phenomena that were a reflection of these beliefs. Furthermore, astronomy in Hatra conveyed to us the influences of astronomy in ancient Iraq, and later the influence moved to the Islamic eras. Thus, this study presents the city of Hatra as a source of influence on subsequent civilizations, reaching the Arab Islamic civilization. Thus, the city of Hatra was influential alongside other civilizations.

Entrances constitute one of the most pivotal elements in the architectural and artistic design of diverse building typologies, including religious edifices, palaces, and residential dwellings. The architectural evolution of entrances serves as a reflection of the socio-economic status across various societal strata. In this context, the entrances of palaces and grand estates were characterized by monumental structures, embellished with intricate floral and geometric motifs, alongside various symbolic representations. Conversely, the entrances of modest dwellings adhered to prevailing stylistic norms and public taste, where their spatial scale and grandeur functioned as indicators of the inhabitants' financial means.
Regarding religious architecture—encompassing both mosques and churches—entrances received particular design attention in terms of spatial planning and structural integration. These designs were meticulously harmonized with engineering solutions and climatic considerations, particularly in the selection of building materials. Furthermore, they were adorned with elaborate vegetative and geometric ornamentation, complemented by epigraphic bands. These inscriptions featured Arabic scripts such as Thuluth and Kufic in mosques, and Thuluth and Syriac in churches.