journal of kufa studies center

This study sought to analyze and test the relationship between financial discipline and banking sustainability in Iraqi private banks. The study is concerned with understanding how financial discipline affects the achievement of banking sustainability for these banks. This study relied on descriptive and analytical methods, where a sample of 27 Iraqi private banks was selected. The data was collected by distributing (161) questionnaires to a sample of the banks employees with the degree of (bank manager, assistants, division officer, and experienced employees), and the number of respondents was (131) respondents in Iraqi private banks in both Najaf and Maysan governorates. The questionnaire included a set of questions aimed at measuring the level of financial discipline and the extent to which banking sustainability was achieved, and the results of the study showed that there is an impact of financial discipline on the banking sustainability of Iraqi private banks.

The main purpose of the research was to study content marketing and its impact on luxury customer behaviors, as an attempt to reduce the knowledge gap between these variables. This was done by surveying a sample of customers of the French company Nactalia in Iraq for the production of baby formula, to answer the statements of the two variables of content marketing and luxury customer behaviors using a questionnaire prepared for this purpose. To achieve this goal, the questionnaire was distributed to a number of the companys (210) customers, as a result of which (176) were retrieved.A questionnaire from customers, which was analyzed using a number of statistical tests available within the statistical program SPSS v.29 and the advanced statistical program SmartPLS v.4, then the research reached a set of statistical results represented in the existence of a positive and significant effect of content marketing on the behaviors of the luxury customer, and showed that there is a positive and significant effect of content marketing on the behaviors of the luxury customer.

This research seeks to study the paradox of the symbol in the great poet Ali al-Sharqi, and to explain the concept of symbol in language and idiom, and to explain its importance in modern Arabic poetry, and to reveal the types of symbols that the poet used in making paradoxes, so that the symbols of nature occupied the greatest place in his poetry, and perhaps the delicate sense of our poet and his influence on the romantic doctrine are the reason for the frequent occurrence of them in the folds of his poetry, as well as the literary, religious, historical and mythological symbols that the poet was able to use in a distinctive style and literary way, which produced for us The phenomenon of paradox, and I pointed out the symbols that we did not have time to study in this research.

This research seeks to study the effect of the morphological level on defining the concept of the text between linguists and legislators, as linguistic and legislative texts consist of words that carry and perform the meaning, and these words are not intended to have their meanings per se, but their meanings by joining each other so that they interact with each other for the purpose of reaching a single semantic concept. This is what we will highlight by studying derivatives and morphological inflections and explaining their impact on directing the semantics in linguistic and legislative texts in particular.

The level of reading the monotheistic discourse, analyzing its vocabulary, and pushing doubts in religious texts is in fact one of the means of analyzing the discourse, and because the religious sennders weapon about the doctrine of monotheism is the direct communicative language, and these texts are used to proclaim to perform a functional act that is manifested in the dominances exercised by the methods of language (advertising) and the doctrine of monotheism with the one God Almighty, so the sender must resort to the declarative language and its multiple functions and various mechanisms in order to play its role in the Responding to these doubts and dispelling those suspicions by declaring the truths of monotheism and the manifestations of the greatness of the Creator and His attributes, and their distance from limited human perception, and declaring the necessity of following the Oneness of the Creator in a way that will contribute to the happiness of human life and the fruits it will reap, with spiritual peace and psychological comfort.

The main purpose of this research is to explain and clarify the extent to which the asset structure affects the sustainable growth rate of the financial institution and the sustainability of its activity. The research problem is to ask the extent of the relationship between total assets and the sustainable growth rate of a sample of banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange, and do assets affect the sustainable growth rate of the banks in the research sample? The research sample consisted of five banks, namely (Iraqi National - North - Asher International - Al-Mansour - Elaph Islamic) during the period of (2011-2022), from the banking sector, which consists of 46 banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, and used some financial and statistical tools such as financial equations and (SPSS-26) and (Excel) programsTo conduct the test and analyze the hypotheses and the relationship between the research variables and clarify the extent of their impact, the study found that there is a positive correlation and effect between the ratio of debt to total assets and the sustainable growth rate.

The subject of knowledge is one of the most important topics of philosophy, as this topic has known many transformations starting from ancient times through the modern era to the contemporary period, in terms of the issues and problems that it is working on studying, and it has been and continues to be the subject of great interest by philosophers and thinkers, whether Western or Muslim, as most philosophers and specialists confirm, the interest of Western philosophers in knowledge and the problems associated with it is more than the interest of Muslim philosophers in particular, as Muhammad Hussein Tabatabai is considered This is a very distinguished model in this case, because he was interested in knowledge in most of his writings to the extent that he dedicated some independent books to study their issues and problems, and this is what he was not familiar with before in classical Islamic philosophy, but he worked on formulating an integrated system of knowledge research, and he took a new position for himself through which he tried to provide solutions to many problems that are considered the residues of these previous philosophies.

The current research sheds light on the environment of the city of Karbala in all its urban, service, health and social fields and its effects on the Karbala community, especially on the processes of social change that have taken place in the city during the last three decades. The social and cultural changes in the society of the city of Karbala have dealt with systems, systems, relationships, social interactions, values and behavioral patterns in one way or another.

The research deals with the concept of the Great Name in Islamic thought, through a comparative analytical study between three main approaches: theology, Islamic philosophy, and theoretical gnosis. It aims to reveal the different approaches of these approaches in understanding the Great Name, in terms of its significance, function, and the limits of its influence on supplication, al-Fayd, and Wilayat. The importance of the research stems from the fact that the Great Name is one of the central concepts in which the doctrinal dimension overlaps with the philosophical and mystical dimension, and the accompanying cognitive problems related to the relationship between man and God, and the limits of The divine action, and mans perfect position in the system of existence. The importance of the study also comes from the lack of comparative research that combines these three trends within a single analytical framework. The research adopted the comparative analytical method, through the analysis of Quranic and narrative texts, and following the opinions of speakers, philosophers, and mystics, and then comparing them to reveal the points of convergence and difference between them, in order to highlight the cognitive and existential dimensions of the concept of the greatest name in Islamic thought.

Considering the importance of the basic education stage (primary) as it is the pillar in building the individuals personality, as well as the importance of language and its skill and the role it plays in students learning and their cognitive and emotional and psychokinetic development, the current research focuses its attention on building an educational program based on listening skills for primary school students, enabling researchers and teachers alike to develop the students expressive performance and speech skills, and the researcher has used the descriptive method to achieve this goal, as the proposed program included (14) Each topic is presented in a single lesson lasting (40) minutes, and the program included various methods, methods, and activities.

The present research aims to find out the relationship between artificial intelligence and digital transformation by surveying a sample of employees of telecommunication companies in Najaf.
The problem of the study was determined by a number of questions, the most important of which was the extent to which the employees are aware of the study variables (artificial intelligence, digital transformation) and how important they are to them. What is the nature and level of interest in the communication sector, specifically in Najaf. The number of administrative employees from the study population amounted to (245). The number of questionnaires distributed reached (115) questionnaires. After sorting and verifying the data, the number of questionnaires valid for analysis reached (90) out of a total of (95) questionnaires that were retrieved. The current study sought to select a number of main hypotheses. and the sub-section related to the effect relationships between the study variables. In order to answer the questions related to the study problem and reach the set goals, and in order to process the data, many statistical methods (normal distribution, arithmetic mean, standard deviation) were used using SPSS25 statistical software.

At the beginning of this century, the US economy is the largest in the world in terms of gross output, with the US GDP reaching about USD 29.18 trillion in 2024, making it the worlds largest economy, contributing approximately 23% of global production and accounting for about 20% of global trade.
Despite the continued dominance of the United States, the global economic system is currently undergoing gradual structural shifts. These shifts portend the gradual erosion of economic unipolarity and pose direct structural challenges to its standing. The most prominent features of these challenges are the rise of major competing economic powers that are actively seeking to change the balance of power and reshape global governance mechanisms.
These forces are key drivers of the trend towards future economic multipolarity, most notably the Republic of China.

The term parallel beauty is based on a philosophical concept that can be formulated as the necessity of peace in the world, a world in which the human condition has been immersed in its suffering, anguish and loneliness without an optimal formula of consolation or a horizon of hope. In this research, we have worked on rooting it linguistically and philosophically, and we have defined it terminatively, we have searched for its first manifestations in Arabic literature in poetry and prose, we have analyzed its presence in modern literature through carefully selected samples, and we have been keen to be poetry, the poem Celebrating the Ephemeral Things by Mahmoud Al-Breikan, the poem The Mirror of the Absent by Adonis, a narrative, a story in praise of nicotine by Zuhair Karim, and the story of Al-Helu Da, Al-Hilwa Di by Muhammad Al-Makhzanji, and we have distributed the research samples according to our branching of the gradations of parallel beauty that begins from silence as a representation of the transient and marginal momentary beauty. Then it faded as a representation of the mysterious beauty of the sorrow, and ended with the sound as a representation of the terrible and terrible beauty, and the origin of these gradients was phonetic in the first place, which we borrowed in order to control the gradients of the presence of parallel beauty in modern Arabic literature.

The research aims to study the role of strategic management accounting in improving the decision-making process in dynamic business environments with a focus on emerging markets and how to analyze the contribution of strategic advanced management accounting tools and techniques.
The questionnaire tool was used to collect data from members of the research community, and the questionnaire included a set of questions that measure the use of strategic management accounting in decision-making processes and evaluate the extent of its impact on overall performance in dynamic business environments, and the data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software, where a statistical analysis of the data was performed using multiple techniques such as descriptive analysis and itative analysis to derive accurate and reliable results. It consists of (60) employees working in startups and the number of questionnaires valid for statistical analysis was (50) questionnaires.

The purpose of the research is to uncover artificial intelligence and a course in human resources management at Najaf Al-Ashraf Airport in human resources management, as artificial intelligence has formed independent research with its four dimensions (infrastructure, social intelligence, social responsibility, data) while human resources management has formed the approved research variable with its seven dimensions (planning, recruitment, training and development, recruitment, motivation, evaluation, compensation). The research started from the problem of the ambiguity of the role of artificial intelligence and a course in human resources management at Najaf International Airport, and this problem was expressed with a number of questions, which were answered by the results of the research and its conclusions. The research was applied to an intentional sample of (50) people from the total research population of (50) employees at Najaf International Airport, statistical methods were adopted using the statistical program (SPSS V.26) to test the hypotheses of the study, which specialized in measuring the level of the research sample's perception of its variables and revealing the correlation and impact relationships.

This research came to review the relationship between Iraq and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the geopolitical dimension of this relationship, the developments that took place in it, and the positive change that took place after 2019, and to highlight the important points of convergence that have played an effective role between the two countries, such as the political, security and economic dimension, as well as the cultural dimension, especially since the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia plays a pivotal political role in the region, as it is a key player within the Iraqi political arena, it has an agenda and effective arms inside Iraq. While mentioning the most important reasons that prompted Saudi Arabia to change its policy towards Iraq positively, as well as the benefit that has been achieved as a result of this rapprochement for both parties, and whether this rapprochement is sustainable, or is it dependent on the political changes taking place in Iraq in particular.

Talking about the Yemeni situation is accompanied by several considerations, including political considerations with regional and international dimensions, in addition to external and internal complexities, where it is difficult for internal political forces to agree on a political solution that satisfies everyone, and it is very difficult to converge the views and interests of external parties with clear interference in the Yemeni conflict, and this is evident from the geostrategic importance of Yemens location, its view of the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, and the clear control over the Bab al-Mandab Strait, Yemen has gone through many stages of political conflicts that have generated many wars, due to factors The internal factors represented by the tribal and sectarian diversity and the political conditions that have exhausted the country, and the external factors represented by the interventions of neighboring countries, especially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, which have long been influential elements in the Yemeni leadership, and with political, security, belonging and economic motives.

Iraq in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was an important strategic center in British calculations, due to its geographical location linking the Arabian Gulf, Anatolia, and Iran on the one hand, and the global trade routes on the other. Iraq represented a vital area intertwined between Britains economic interests, especially with regard to the land and river routes leading to India, and its geopolitical stakes in the face of Ottoman, Russian, and German influence. This research seeks to analyze the dimensions of British strategy in Iraq during the From 1800 to 1914, tracing its economic interests and geopolitical considerations that led it to strengthen its commercial presence and diplomatic and intelligence missions, in preparation for the subsequent direct control. The research aims to provide an in-depth critical reading of Iraq as a strategic pillar in British thought and politics prior to the First World War.

This research aims to study the morphological investigations in the explanation of al-Raini in the first and seventh books, because they are the investigative parts of the book. The commentator presented the opinions of a large number of scholars on most of his issues, and his explanation was characterized by a smooth style and proximity to the intake, based on mental and anecdotal evidence, reinforcing his opinion with appropriate linguistic evidence.
The nature of the article required that the research be divided into four topics, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion. The first topic dealt with the subject of sources, the second topic studied derivatives, the third topic dealt with some types of plurals, while the fourth topic included separate issues that are not combined by a single chapter, such as the chapters of the verb, the morphological balance, and the minimum. The research concluded by stating the most important findings of the research.

After reviewing the historical process of classifying the science of explaining hadith, and determining its types and methods, it becomes clear that this science is one of the most important tools of religious understanding that enables the researcher to understand the infallible infallible (AS) meaning from the hadith texts, whether they are prophetic or imami.
It was found through the research that the Holy Prophet (pbuh) was the first to explain his hadith, whether it was in the context of the same hadith or another hadith, and he was followed by the Companions and the Followers, and it was also found that the Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.) explained his hadith with their sayings as well, and it became clear to the researcher that the hadith commentaries have several types and sections, and the best of them is the analytical explanation of the hadith, although their size is usually large, but they give a comprehensive encyclopedic understanding of the hadith, by presenting all the topics and issues related to it, such as Where is the isnaad and its degree, the language of the hadith and its expressions, the strangeness of the hadith and the reason for its occurrence, the rulings learned from it, and so on.