Journal of Al-Ma'moon College

The meninges, which cover the spinal cord and brain, are inflamed in meningitis. Around 20 cases per 100,000 individuals are reported annually, which can exceed limits and cause numerous deaths worldwide. This study investigates the disease's spread rate in Diyala Governorate, the most affected age groups and genders, and which health sectors had the most cases.
A cross-sectional research of 316 patients from January 1 to December 1, 2025, was conducted in Diyala province using primary health care facility patient records supplied to the Public Health Department/Surveillance Unit.
Rural cases dominated (61%). Young children (1–5 years old) were most affected, with 46% of instances. First-quarter case distribution soared. Between January and March, 50% of cases were recorded, with February (20%) being the most. October saw autumn instances reduce to 2%. Over half the cases were in Baquba 1 and 2. The greatest prevalence rate was 24.3 per 100,000 in Khanaqin. Total Diyala prevalence was 16.4. Most (39.4%) were viral.
In conclusion, women’s cases were higher than men’s. Viral meningitis caused most infections, affecting children under 5 years old, particularly in rural settings. Around half of the injuries occurred in Baqubah's first and second sectors.

Our research aims to shed light on two important sciences that were among the most prevalent in previous eras and civilizations continued to pay attention to, namely the sciences of medicine and history, and how Muslim scholars were able to combine these two sciences. Some scholars who practiced medicine, which is one of the applied sciences or what is called the rational sciences, also practiced writing history, which is one of the transmitted or humanistic sciences. This demonstrates the importance of these two sciences in human life in terms of building civilization and preserving it.

A contemporary perspective on obesity recognizes the various factors contributing to weight gain and the health advantages associated with weight reduction. Central to any weight loss initiative are lifestyle modifications, dietary adjustments, and enhanced physical activity. The present study aimed to evaluated level of glucose, cholestrole and iron in obese, normal weight and overweight. The study samples were collected from private laboratories in the Baiji district. (90) samples were collected from participants. The participants were divided according to BMI into three groups as follows, depending on the classification of WHO. 30 samples were from normal weight, 32 of them were overweight, and 28 were obese. The ages were 15-60 for both sexes from October 4, 2024, to February 12, 2025. Result: The results show that mean melatonin levels were significantly higher in the normal-weight group (285.7 ± 56.12 U/ml) compared to the overweight (201.3 ± 44.5 U/ml) and obese (157.1 ± 24.2 U/ml) groups. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.03). A significant in malondialdehyde levels decreased (3.1 ± 0.05 ng/ml) in the normal-weight group, while increase in the overweight and obese group (P = 0.001). Glutathione levels were lower in the overweight and obese groups compared to the normal-weight group, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.01).The present study showed no significant differences (p-value >0.05) in fasting blood glucose between study groups. While significant increase cholesterol level as BMI increased (p-value<0.01), highly increased in obese patients (176.50±23.25), then decreased in overweigh patients (162.67±16.44) as compared with normal-weight (146.80±16.05). A significant increase (p-value <0.05) in the level of glucose in female as compared to male (80.17± 12.91,116.53±12.9) mg/dl respectively. Cholestrol level also increased in female (181.5±26.20) mg/dl as compared with male (157.1±13.45) mg/dl at (p-value <0.05). While no statistical differences in the Fe level between male and female (p-value >0.05). The current study concluded increase malondialdehyde, cholesterol in obese individual, while no differences in the level of iron and glucose. Glutathione and melatonin decreased in obese individual. In obese participants Glucose level increased in female as compared with male but no differences in iron and cholesterol. According ages, only cholesterol level increased in as ages increased. As residence, only iron increased in Urban residence

Background: Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease characterized by decreased bone density and increased fragility, leading to a higher risk of fractures. Thyroid hormones and cytokines like IL-6, IL-11, and STAT3 may play a role in bone metabolism and early bone loss. Objectives: To assess the levels of T4, T3, TSH, STAT3, IL-6, and IL-11 and investigate their association with osteoporosis in premenopausal women in Tikrit Province, Iraq. Method and material: A case-control study was conducted in Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Tikrit Province, Iraq. Extended from July 2024 to the end of July 2025. Which include 90 females as follows: 60 females with osteoporosis and 30 healthy females as a control group. Sandwich ELISA kits (Sunlong-China) were used to detect target antigens, with HRP-labeled antibodies for signal detection. Optical density was measured at 450 nm using a spectrophotometer. Result: The mean±SD of T4 for the study group and control was 74.94±15.08, 96.70±18.81, respectively with highly significant P value was <0.0001**, and the mean±SD of T3 for the study group and control was 1.904±0.4082, 2.265±0.3468, respectively with highly significant P value was <0.0001**, and the mean±SD of TSH for the study group and control was 2.066±0.3812, 2.252±0.3887, respectively with significant P value was 0.0326*. and the mean±SD of STAT3for the study group and control was 15.59±3.331, 14.49±2.134, respectively non-significant P value was 0.1017NS. The mean±SD of IL 6 for the study group and control was 49.83±6.573, 46.62±8.192, respectively with significant P value was 0.0478*. The mean±SD of IL 11 for the study group and control was 138.4±28.30, 152.0± 29.04, respectively with significant P value was 0.351N. Conclusion: Compared to healthy controls, women with osteoporosis exhibited much decreased T3, T4, and TSH levels as well as greater IL-6 levels. These results imply that the development of osteoporosis could be influenced by thyroid dysfunction and chronic inflammation. There were no notable variations in IL-11 or STAT3 levels.

Cardiovascular emergencies such as Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Cardiogenic Shock (CS) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accurate biochemical assessment of cardiac injury and electrolyte imbalance is essential for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic decision-making. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the levels of selected biochemical markers among patients with MI, CS, and healthy controls to identify significant diagnostic indicators and correlations relevant to cardiac pathophysiology. A total of 120 blood samples were collected and categorized into three groups: 40 patients with MI, 40 with CS, and 40 healthy individuals. Serum concentrations of Troponin, CK-MB, Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), 25-OH-Vitamin D (D3), Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB), and Red Blood Cells (RBCs) were analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA to determine the significance of differences among groups. Significantly elevated levels of Troponin and CK-MB were observed in both MI and CS patients compared to controls (p < 0.05), with the highest values in the CS group. Electrolyte imbalances were evident, particularly decreased Vitamin D and Calcium levels in pathological groups. Elevated TSB and altered RBCs counts were also noted, indicating systemic physiological stress associated with cardiac dysfunction. The findings support the utility of biochemical markers such as Troponin, CK-MB, D3, and Ca in distinguishing between acute cardiac events. These parameters can aid in early detection and clinical differentiation between MI and CS, contributing to improved patient outcomes and management strategies.

In this work, tin dioxide (SnO₂) thin films were prepared by thermochemical decomposition method with different deposition temperature (325°C to 375°C)) using the precursor concentrations of 0.02 M. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–Visible spectroscopy, and Hall effect measurements were conducted on films, to comprehensively evaluate their structural, optical, and electrical properties and the effect of temperature. Increasing deposition temperature leads initially to improved crystallinity and surface uniformity with optimal microstructural quality being reached at 350 °C with subsequent degradation at 375 °C due to increased lattice disorder and increasing lattice strain. The enhanced transmittance with and widening of the band gap (with increasing temperature) due to reduced film thickness and porosity were supported by optical characterization. Electrical measurements indicate that films fabricated at 350 °C possess the highest carrier mobility and electrical conductivity despite low carrier concentrations. These results show that the best compromise between structural order and charge transport efficiency is achieved at 350 °C. This study shows great promise in understanding how to tune the physical properties of SnO₂ thin films by controlling the thermal process, and their potential for opto-electronic and sensing applications.

Soil contamination with heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) has become a growing environmental concern due to their persistence, toxicity, and adverse effects on soil microbial communities. This study aimed to determine some physical and chemical properties of the soils of the studied areas, and to evaluate the effect of varying concentrations of lead and cadmium on the density of soil bacteria in different polluted sites within Tikrit city. Four samples were collected from different areas of Tikrit Governorate. Sample collection began on winter (December 2023) and summer (May 2024). The modelling process began by taking samples of four environmental sites: a home garden (S1), an agricultural field (Al-Bu Ajil) (S2), a rea near the generator( S3), and a river bank area (S4). Soil textures ranged from loam (S1), loam and clay (S2, S3), to sandy loam (S4). Field capacity values showed slight variation, with the highest value in S3 (42%) and the lowest in S4 (29%). pH ranged between 6.1 and 6.9, indicating a near-neutral environment. Electrosalinity (EC) was significantly higher in S3 (221.4 dS/m), indicating potential salinization compared to the other samples. In terms of organic matter, the highest percentage was recorded in S1 (0.82%) and the lowest in S4 (0.66%). Nitrogen concentration was highest in S1 (11.8 ppm), while phosphorus and magnesium were highest in S3 (1.7 and 3.6 ppm, respectively). Potassium and calcium also reached their highest levels in S3. As for heavy metals, the highest concentration of lead was recorded in S3 (30 ppm), while cadmium ranged from 1.5–2.0 ppm. Cobalt and molybdeium varied between samples, with S3 predominating in most elements. Iron, zinc, and copper concentrations were relatively similar, with S3 and S2 slightly outperforming each other in some values. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) showed varying effects on bacterial growth at concentrations (0.5, 1, 2) mg/L, especially at the highest concentration (2 mg/L). Pb showed varying effects; bacterial growth continued in S3 (11 CFU/ml), S2 (5 CFU/ml), and S1 (2 CFU/ml), with dense growth observed in S4. Cadmium (Cd) completely stopped growth at all sites, indicating high toxicity at this concentration. The results indicate that physical and chemical properties influence bacterial growth. The effect of heavy metals on bacterial growth varies depending on the type of metal and the environmental location.

The study included 60 adult male rats, with 6 rats per treatment at an average age of 14 weeks, and each group was given equal weights as much as possible before the start of the study at an average of 250 grams. The rats were divided into two main groups, the first was the control group, which included two secondary groups according to the approved water (normal and magnetic), and the second was The group of rats induced with type II diabetes, which also included two subgroups with four subgroups each according to the approved water (normal, magnetized) and the method of treatment, the animals were subjected to the necessary laboratory conditions and were provided with the standard feed throughout the duration of the experiment, and after the end of the preparatory period, the rats were starved for 24 hours and inducted diabetes with alloxan. After confirming the induction of diabetes, the eight subgroups (for the second group) were treated daily for 28 days with Metformin, Aloe vera Juice, Metformin and Aloe vera Juice synergistically, taking into account the type of approved water (normal, magnetic) and with them the sugar level was measured weekly for four weeks. The rats were starved, then drugged by chloroform, blood samples were taken by cardiac stab directly from the heart for chemobiological tests, and then autopsies and nephrectomy for histological examination. The results of microscopy showed the occurrence of several tissue lesions of the kidney, atrophy, fragmentation of the glomeruli, degeneration, necrosis of the coiled tubules, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and hemorrhage. These lesions were found to be more severe for the group treated with alloxan, in contrast to the groups in which the magnetized water was adopted, as the weaving of their organs showed a semi-normal shape, with a significant improvement in the weaving of the organs of the groups in which the magnetized water was adopted with the other treatments (Metformin, Aloe vera Juice, Metformin with Extract. Synergistic Aloe vera), and there appeared to be a slight improvement for the totals in which normal water was adopted with the same treatments (Metformin, Aloe vera Juice, Metformin with Aloe vera Synergy). As for the physiological aspect, the statistical analysis showed that the percentage of diabetes in the blood of rats induced by alloxan, the presence of significant effects was observed at the probability level of P> 0.05 for the types and duration of the treatments, in the rates of effect of the treatments during the entire study period, it was found that the highest significant rate of blood sugar was recorded in the affected group in which the normal water dependent, which reached 338.2 mg/dL, with a significant difference from the rest of the treatments.

Cryptosporidium parvum is a coccidian parasite capable of infecting several mammals, including humans. This parasite significantly contributes to newborn diarrhea and morbidity in calves, resulting in considerable economic losses in the livestock industry. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of C.parvum in both humans and calves using three diagnostic methods: flotation, cold and hot Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining. A total of 200 stool samples from humans and 200 fecal samples from calves were collected. The sample collection was carried out between September 26, 2024, and June 2, 2025m by using flotation, cold and hot Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining methods. The results revealed that the number of oocysts detected in calves was comparable to that found in humans, with prevalence rates of 3.5% and 6% respectively, using the flotation method. In humans and calves, diagnosis using Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, both hot and cold methods, demonstrated slightly varying results. The cold MZN technique showed a higher detection rate (8.5% and 5%) compared to the hot method (8% and 3%) respectively, indicating a potential sensitivity difference between the two techniques. Regarding demographic distribution, C. parvum infection in both human and calves was recorded in both males and females at similar rates, with males showing a slightly higher infection rate (5.5% and 3%)respectively, compared to females (3.5% and 2%) respectively. Age-based analysis indicated that children aged 1–6 years had the highest infection rate (4.5%), whereas the lowest was observed in the 4–6 year age group (0.5%). In calves, the infection was detected across all age groups with no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05).

Background: Beta-thalassemia is a common inherited chronic blood disorder characterized by defective β-globin synthesis, leading to chronic anemia and complications related to iron overload. Erythropoietin (EPO), ferritin, calcium, magnesium, and inorganic phosphorus are important biomarkers that may reflect disease severity and metabolic alterations in these patients. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate and compare serum levels of Erythropoietin (EPO), Ferritin, Calcium, Magnesium, and Inorganic Phosphorus between β-thalassemia patients and healthy controls. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 70 patients diagnosed with beta-thalassemia, recruited from the Oncology and Hematology Center at Tikrit Teaching Hospital and the Thalassemia, Hematology, and Genetic Diseases Center in Sulamaniyah. Patients were classified according to clinical severity into 30 with beta-thalassemia major, 20 with beta-thalassemia intermedia, and 20 with beta-thalassemia minor. In addition, 20 apparently healthy individuals were enrolled as a control group. Blood samples were collected between September 2025 and December 2025. The study population comprised 41 females and 49 males, with ages ranging from 2 to 25 years. Results: Erythropoietin levels showed significant elevation in β-thalassemia minor (245.3 ± 48.3 mIU/mL) compared to controls (183.6 ± 4.9 mIU/mL) (p=0.003). Ferritin levels exhibited marked elevation in β-thalassemia intermedia (875.3 ± 722.7 ng/mL) and β-thalassemia major (1723.1 ± 585.3 ng/mL) compared to controls (92.7 ± 37.7 ng/mL) (p<0.001). Mineral homeostasis analysis showed selective alterations in β-thalassemia patients compared to controls. First, magnesium levels remained unchanged across all groups (p=0.591). In contrast, inorganic phosphorus levels were significantly elevated in all β-thalassemia groups (6.0 ± 2.0 mg/dL in β-thalassemia minor, 6.4 ± 2.2 mg/dL in β-thalassemia intermedia, and 6.3 ± 1.8 mg/dL in β-thalassemia major) compared to controls (4.1 ± 0.4 mg/dL) (p<0.001). Calcium levels showed no significant changes across all groups (p=0.485). Conclusions: β-thalassemia patients exhibit marked increases in EPO, ferritin, and inorganic phosphorus, while calcium and magnesium remain stable. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring hematologic and mineral biomarkers to assess disease impact and guide management strategies.

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating phosphate homeostasis and vitamin D3 metabolism. Thyroid hormones influence bone remodeling and mineral balance; however, the interaction between thyroid hormone imbalances and FGF23 remains incompletely understood.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of levothyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism on thyroid hormones (T3 and TSH) and serum FGF23 levels, as well as to evaluate the role of vitamin D3 and calcium supplementation in mineral metabolism.
Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 5 each): a control group, a levothyroxine (50 μg/kg) treatment control group, a high-dose levothyroxine (200 μg/kg) group with calcium (400 mg/kg), a high-dose vitamin D3 (1000 IU) group, and a high-dose vitamin D3 (1000 IU) and vitamin K2 (30 mg/kg) combination group. After one month, serum levels of T3, TSH, FGF23, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D3 were measured using ELISA and spectroscopic methods.
Results: High doses of levothyroxine significantly increased T3 levels (3.103 ± 0.2035 ng/mL vs. 1.626 ± 0.0894 ng/mL, P < 0.001 in the control group) with a marked decrease in TSH levels (1.840 ± 0.2320 ng/mL vs. 3.864 ± 0.293 ng/mL in the control group, P = 0.036). Additionally, FGF23 levels were significantly elevated in the high-dose group (164.6 ± 7.273 pg/mL vs. 114.3 ± 9.450 pg/mL in the control group, P < 0.001). Vitamin D3 and calcium supplementation also contributed to the reduction of FGF23 levels and improved mineral metabolism.
Conclusion: Levothyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism leads to elevated FGF23 levels, suggesting a regulatory axis between the thyroid gland and FGF23. Vitamin D3 supplementation reduces this response and supports mineral balance, highlighting its potential as a preventative strategy for protecting bone health in hyperthyroidism.

This study aimed to review and analyze the Arabic and Iraqi literature on the impact of different training methods on the physical and technical performance of Taekwondo athletes. The study employed a review methodology, analyzing a range of studies that addressed diverse training methods, such as plyometric, ballistic, synchronized, high-intensity interval, and competition-like training. The results showed that most studies confirmed the effectiveness of these methods in developing specific physical abilities, such as explosive power, speed, agility, and endurance, which positively impacted certain aspects of technical performance, such as kick speed and accuracy. However, the study revealed a weakness in addressing tactical and psychological aspects, in addition to the limited use of modern measurement tools. The study concluded that the best development in Taekwondo athletes\' performance is achieved through integrated training programs that combine physical, technical, and tactical aspects. The study recommended expanding the use of modern techniques and conducting long-term studies based on comprehensive training models.