Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

In this paper, a non-blind color image watermarking scheme is proposed based on discrete cosine transform and YCbCr color space. The host image is converted from RGB space into YCbCr space and the Y component image is employed for embedding a binary watermark image. The strength of the watermark is controlled by a robustness factor to obtain an acceptable trade-off between robustness and imperceptibility. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and normalized correlation (NC). The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust under various attacks like JPEG compression, filtering, and noise addition.

This study aims to calculate the earthwork volumes by Civil 3D. Civil 3D is a modern software techniques application used by civil engineers and other professionals to plan, design, and manage engineering projects. These projects need an efficient technique for computing the earthworks volumes with high accuracy and short time in both theoretical and practical works. Surveying methods for the quantity of the earthwork are the most common and important activities for civil engineers these modern techniques have the potential to offer more productivity and efficiency for Civil 3D in earthwork quantity calculation. Civil 3D connects design and documentation to enable you to boost productivity, deliver higher-quality designs and construction documenters.

In this paper, a frequency and radiation reconfigurable microstrip antenna design is proposed for Ultra Wide Band application (UWB). The radiating patch was an E-shaped microstrip printed over an FR-4 substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 4.3, and a thickness of 3 mm. A microstrip line feeds this proposed antenna. To satisfy the UWB frequencies the length ground plane has been reduced. The finite ground plane is printed on the lower side of the dielectric substrate. The modeling process and performance estimation of the designed antenna was achieved by using the electromagnetic simulator, Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Software. Simulation results indicate that the designed antenna has an effective bandwidth, for |S_11 |≤-10 dB, extending from approximately 3 GHz to more than 16 GHz, which covers the entire UWB band of 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz.

It is worth mentioning that the site of Karbala religious has great importance to attract ‎people from other provinces and other countries because of the site of shrine Imam ‎Hussein Ibn Ali (PBUH), The main objective of this study is to choose the most ‎suitable landfill in a manner consistent with environmental determinants by the use ‎of geographic information system (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis ‎‎(MCDA) for the management of municipal solid waste for the governorate.‎‏ ‏This ‎study was used 19 including (Socioeconomic criteria, Accessibility criteria, ‎Infrastructural criteria, Morphology criteria, and Hydrology criteria) as inputs of digital ‎map layers‏.‏‎ ‎‏The analytic ‎hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to weight the criteria.‎‏Ten suitable ‎candidate landfill sites were found.

The Angle Of Arrival (AOA) estimation of radio signal gained high attention, and effort in the last 20 years, since it is a very important tool for security purposes and for military operations, it is considered as an essential part of Electronic Warefare activities. Many techniques had been used for AOA like amplitude comparison, time difference, and the phase difference between two pairs of the array antenna. The most relevant techniques are (MUSIC) and (ESPIRT). These techniques suffer from many drawback points, like the need for intensive calculation complexity and high-speed processers. Moreover, they are suffering from the lack of audio channels for the estimated signals because they used spectral estimation by the Eigenvalue decomposition technique. In this paper new system is proposed, where linear adaptive array antenna in conjunction with MSE algorithm to meet the requirement for (AOA) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) estimation of the received radio signal in RF band. The proposed system is mathematically modeled, simulated, and analyzed. The tested results are compared with the most recent and well-Known MUSIC technique. The estimation results of the proposed system show that the proposed system fulfills the most estimation design requirements. From the accuracy and the angular resolution capability point of view, the proposed system exhibits AOA accuracy very close to the MUSIC technique, while the angular resolution performance of MUSIC shows better results than the proposed system...

In this paper, the ABAQUS / CAE 6.13.1 program is used to study the effect of several variables on the efficiency of the load transfer through an expansion joint in a plain concrete pavement system under the influence of the static wheel load. The variables that have been addressed are the diameter of dowel bar (12, 16, and 20 mm), subgrade soil type (A-6) and (A-7-5), concrete type (normal strength concrete and high strength concrete), joint width (10, 20 and 30 mm), the thickness of the concrete slab (125, 175 and 250 mm), the position of static wheel load (corner load, internal load, and edge load) and the effect of soil damage. The results showed, the load transfer efficiency (LTE) and joint effectiveness (E) are enhanced from 69.82% to 89.73% and from 82.23% to 94.59%, respectively as dowel diameter increases from 12 mm to 20 mm, from 60.48% to 79.64% and from 75.37% to 88.66, respectively as joint width decreases from 30 mm to 10 mm, from 64.24% to 89.73% and from 78.23% to 94.59%, respectively as slab thickness decreases from 250 mm to 125 mm and from 69.81% to 79.64% and 82.22% to 88.66%, respectively when CBR value of subgrade soil increases from 5% to 7%, while approximately the same LTE (about 80%) and E (about 89%) have resulted as the concrete compressive strength increases from 27 MPa to 43 MPa. Corner load reduces LTE and E from 84%...

Direct torque control is one of the among control schemes for alternating current drives. It has a simple structure, fast control, is robust, and has good performance. The major disadvantage of direct torque control is the inherent torque and stator flux ripples. The present paper deals with the design and simulation of direct torque controlled high power three phase induction motor based on a developed predictive control that predict current and flux several times to obtain the advanced effective voltage vectors with a three-level space vector pulse width modulation inverter. The simulation results show that the ripples in the developed torque and stator flux are reduced by 12% and6.4%, respectively.

This paper presents two design equations to predict the shear strength of reinforced concrete shallow beams without shear reinforcements. The proposed equations were derived from two techniques: nonlinear regression analysis and artificial neural network analysis. The analysis was carried out using 279 test results of shallow beams available in the literature with a wide range of geometrical and material properties. The proposed equations consider the influence of concrete compressive strength, flexural reinforcement, shear span-effective depth ratio, and the beam’s size. The calculations of the proposed equations are compared with those of the current codes of practice and those available in the literature, and the result as the best fitting to the results of the available test.

In hot weather countries, the temperature and pressure of the air-conditioning system are increased considerably. This causes a decrease in the cooling capacity of the cycle and also causes an increase in power consumption. In this work, an experimental and theoretical investigation has been done to improve the evaporator outlet fluid temperature. Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software has been used to analyze the performance of the experimental data. For this purpose, several ranges of evaporator water flow rates are considered tested. The amount of water flow rate is varied with respect to the evaporator load. The results indicate that the increase of water flow rate (160 to 190) L/h causes an increase of COP by (11.1 %). The outlet cooling temperature from the evaporator has been found to reduce by about (11.3%). However, the (170 L/h) flow rate of water has been found as the best rate for improving evaporator temperature.

This study is concerned with the effect of microwave heat treatment of AA7075-T6 on mechanical properties and fatigue life. Specimens were divided into four groups, firstly, specimens were subjected for 60 min. of microwave heat as a dry, secondly, specimens were subjected for 30 min. of microwave heat as a dry, thirdly, specimens were subjected for 60 min. of microwave heat as a wet, and fourthly, specimens were subjected to 30 min. of microwave heat as a wet condition. Then, it is compared with the original alloy (AA7075-T6). The mechanical tests that are used in this research are tensile, hardness, surface roughness, and fatigue. It is found that the hardness of dry specimens is higher than wet specimens, and hardness of dry condition for 60 min. has higher enhancement (15%) as compared with the original alloy. Hardness is increased with increasing of time inside the microwave. However, the tensile strength of wet conditions has higher than dry conditions; also, tensile strength is increased with decreasing of time inside microwave furnace. Ultimate and yield strength of wet condition for 30 min. have 55% and 99% respectively, enhancement as compared with AA7075-T6. The surface roughness parameter (Ra) of dry conditions has higher than wet conditions and then decreases as decreasing of time inside the microwave furnace. Fatigue strength results showed that decreasing as compared with original alloy.

This paper proposed an Improved Anti-collision programmable with an intelligent separation transmitter system and the MATLAB high-speed model is reprogrammed on the basis of reactionary HS- Miller modulated sub-simulation. Suggest "the Enhanced Slotted Binary Tree Algorithm along with Intelligent Separation (IS-ESBT)". In "IS-ESBT, this made it possible not to collide because the marks that correspond to the beginning of the reader demand responds like follows: The set of tags with even numbers (1’s-bit) responds with (+ 2nd-bit) signs in aperture 0 whilst the set for odd numbers (first-bit) comply in aperture 1. The IS-ESBT begets the demand prefix in order to the lone presenting tags accepting the comply in the compatible aperture. This reduces the tag determine time by decreasing the total numeral for demands. utilizing HS-Miller encoding or orthogonal multiplexing mechanisms, tags potential understand a 2 after 3 plan quicker information degree than Miller encoding barring propulsion it according to the demodulation rendering in a reader. To prove the advised transmission planner, the MATLAB/Simulink paradigm at high-velocity backscatter based regarding an HS-Miller modulated subcarrier own be designed and simulated. The imitation consequences display so much that the suggested transmission planner may reap greater but a 4 dB higher BER overall execution within compare in conformity a Miller modulated subcarrier.

In this research, a well water pumping system utilizing solar cells generated electric power is designed and implemented. We assumed a village located in a remote area of southern Baghdad for providing a quantity of water of 30000lit/day (30m3/day) to meet the daily needs of the quench and irrigation. Calculations show that the amount of water required can be obtained from a well of water head (15m) by using an array of solar cells that gives a power of (1300W) to submersible pumps capable of raising water by converting electrical energy to dynamic power. The cost of the pumping system using solar energy is more economical and less expensive than using a diesel pumping system. It is recommended to use the present solar energy pumping system in Iraq as it is one of the richest countries with solar power; however, suffers nowadays a scarcity of surface water.

The aim of this laboratory study is to estimate the best initial pH of purging solution for Nikel clean-up from artificially contaminated soil using electro-kinetic cells. An efficiency enhancement method was employed involving pH control and injection wells as part of the investigative program. Seven tests were performed at different pH-controlled in anode; cathode and injection wells start from 2 to 8. Sandy loam soil was contaminated with Nikel concentration equal to 2000 mg/kg and initial moisture content equal to 30%. The duration of remediation was seven days with a potential gradient of 1.2 V/cm. The experimental results showed that the best removal efficiency is 64.7% were achieved in pH equal to 3.

Transport represents the vital city transportation component, which works to link activities with each other and moves from one place to another, any imbalance in the transport system in the city leads to traffic problems, including congestion traffic jams, delay in arrival time and more consumption of fuel, these problems caused reduce level of well-being and comfort on the road, increase economic costs, increase environmental pollution in the city. ITS is one of the modern tools in organizing and improving traffic through its adoption of modern communications technology. ITS consists of several operations: data collection through different sensors and road tools, and then data processing and analysis in the control and follow-up centers that include software, And the information is transferred to be published in the city through various means, including electronic traffic signs, which work to give instructions to the drivers. The problem of research is the lack of knowledge of the concept of ITS in the city, as well as various
traffic problems such as traffic congestion, which reduces the level of service and comfort and well-being. The city of Baghdad suffers from congestive traffic congestion at peak times causing a low level of service to the road. The aim of the research is to understand the concept of ITS, its benefits, its elements, its subsystems, its applications and its effects on the city, and its application to part of Baghdad city to see how to improve the level of service before and after application ITS...

It is considered that Green Architecture is one of the trends that highly considers the relationship between the buildings and their in-door and the surrounding environment. Also, this trend in architecture is known as a worldwide concept, especially among the developed countries as well as among various societies all over the world. As is the case, it is so important to consider this approach,
especially, by the schools of architecture art, in order to become the source of Green Architecture and to disseminate the trend. Unfortunately, previous research and studies didn't focus on applications, rules, and the basis of Green Architecture concerning the past constructed buildings. The research problem is: (The lack of clear and accurate vision of the most important treatments and solutions provided by Green Architecture and the extent of their application by already constructed buildings). The aim of this research is to suggest clear and precise ideas regarding main treatments and resolutions to be applied by already constructed buildings in order to gain and improve a friendly environment in-door and surroundings. The current research highlights the possibility to apply most principles of Green Architecture on already constructed buildings, which go along with the assumption of this research, as well as submit some resolutions and suggestions in this regard.