JOURNAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCHES

Targets of the current search:
1- Constructing a measure of collective thinking among of the Kindergarten Department.
2- Measuring group thinking among Kindergarten's students.
3- Identifying the significance of the differences in the degrees of group thinking among the sample members according to the variables (grades(.
To achieve the objectives of the research, the two researchers chose a sample of (200) female students, and the researchers build the research tool (the collective thinking scale) based on Janis' theory (Jans, 1982), then the paragraphs of the scale were analyzed logically and statistically to calculate its discriminatory ability and its validity coefficient (apparent validity, and constructive validity). ), and the stability coefficient for the group thinking scale by the re-test method was (0.852), and by the Alpha Cronbach method (0.803), and the group thinking scale in its final form consisted of (25) items, and it was applied to the research sample of (200) students from the kindergarten department in College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University for the academic year (2022-2023), in a random stratified manner, and the researchers reach the following results:
1- The kindergarten students enjoy group thinking.
2- There are no statistically significant differences in group thinking among kindergarten students according to the grades.

The research aims to identify the level of awareness of non-mechanical recycling technologies that are currently being developed in the new "chemical recycling" sector among students of the College of Education for Pure Sciences - Ibn Al-Haytham.
The research sample consisted of (198) male and female out of 250 fourth year students studying at the Department of Chemistry for the academic year (2021-2022), i.e. (79%) of the research community studying in the morning classes, and (50) male and female students out of (73), i.e. (68%) from the research community studying in the evening classes the fourth stage.
The first research tool concerned with measuring students' information awareness of chemical recycling processes using (29) issues. The results were verified for their face validity and obtaining referees agreement by (80%) and measuring the stability coefficient using Cronbach’s Alpha formula which produced a (84% (The second tool is concerned with testing student's scientific thinking. The data were treated statistically by the statistical program spss-version 21.
The results showed that the level of awareness in the emotional domain is higher than the skill domain, which in turn is higher than the knowledge domain. The two researchers concluded that the level of awareness among students studying in the morning classes is (79.8%), and the level of awareness among the evening study students is (20.2%).
Based on the above results, the two researchers recommend the need to improve the educational content and syllabus of the industrial chemistry course regarding issues related to the environment, increasing awareness and knowledge of recycling plastic, electronic waste, ways to benefit from the production of raw materials. This includes using the media as well as the establishment of seminars and lectures for students to follow the most recent developments in the field of chemical and thermochemical recycling processes and equipment.

The current research aimed at building a test of the illustrated questioning thinking of kindergarten children. The problem of the current research was to answer the following question: Is it possible to measure the questioning thinking of kindergarten children (preparatory stage?(
In order to answer this question, the researcher used a sample of (200) male and female kindergarten children (preparatory stage) in Baghdad Governorate / Education Directorates in Rusafa (first, second, and third). ), and the test paragraphs consisted of colored pictures, and the statistical methods represented by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman Brown equation, paragraph difficulty coefficient equation, and paragraph discrimination coefficient equation were used. The researcher concluded that it is possible to measure the questioning thinking of kindergarten children, and that kindergarten children have questioning thinking, and in light of the results of the current research, a number of recommendations and proposals were reached.

The current research aims at identifying (the extent to which the science book for the fifth grade of primary school includes future thinking skills), and to achieve this goal, the researcher asked the following questions:
First: What are the future thinking skills that should be included in the science book for the fifth grade of primary school?
Second: To what extent future thinking skills are included in the science book for the fifth grade of primary school?
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher used the analytical descriptive approach, represented by the method of content analysis, as the research sample is from the science book for the fifth grade of primary school decided by the Iraqi Ministry of Education for the academic year (2022-2023 AD), after excluding (the front of the book, the introduction of the book, the list of contents, index list, main headings, chapter interfaces, and the main idea), from the analysis, and the researcher Based on the research tool represented in the list of future thinking skills according to the classification (Hafiz, 2015) for the purpose of using it in analyzing the content of the book, and its validity was confirmed after it was presented to a group of highly qualified arbitrators. Jurisdiction has got, and got an agreement rate of (80%). In its final form, the tool consisted of four skills, namely (prediction, which includes four sub-skills under (11) indicators, the visualization skill, which includes five sub-skills under (11) indicators, the future problem-solving skill, which includes six sub-skills under (16) indicators. ) indicator, and the skill of expectation, which includes three sub-skills under which (10) indicators fall, the book was analyzed according to this tool, repetition a sample of the analysis sample was presented to a group of arbitrators and they agreed on the validity of the analysis process, and the stability of the analysis was also confirmed, as The researcher used the two methods of stability, the first over time, and got an agreement rate of (%94.51), and the second through other analysts, and the agreement ratio between him and the first analyst was obtained (%89.48), and between him and the second analyst (%80.88), using the Holsty equation .The results of the research repetition in That: the visualization skill came in the first rank with a rate of (%44.42), and the skill of prediction came in the second rank with a rate of (%22.07), while the skill of solving future problems came in the third rank with a rate of (%17.55) and the expectation skill came in the fourth and last rank with a rate of (%15.95), and when compared With respect to Maha The future thinking skills agreed upon by the arbitrators and experts, the researchers find that the inclusion of future thinking skills in the science book for the fifth grade of primary school came with a weak inclusion rate.

The research aims to identify the impact of the challenge strategy in testing the deep understanding of the fourth grade middle school students. In order to achieve the aim of the research and its hypothesis, the researcher adopted an experimental design located in the field of experimental designs with partial control of the post-test in the deep understanding test of the two research groups, as the current research community is represented by students of the fourth scientific grade in secondary and preparatory schools for morning girls affiliated to the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad - Karkh, the third of the academic year. (2022-2023) AD, and by intentional choice, (Al-Anwar Secondary School for Girls) was chosen from among the schools of the current community, and the researcher conducted parity between the students of the two research groups in the following variables: (Achievement scores for the previous academic year in chemistry, previous information test, intelligence test, test deep understanding), and to verify the goal of the research, the researcher prepared a research tool, as it was represented by the deep understanding test of the multiple choice type, consisting of (20) items, and its apparent validity and the power of distinguishing its paragraphs were confirmed. The researcher applied the two research tools to the two research groups after the end of the experiment period, which lasted from Sunday corresponding to (1/16/2022 AD) and ended on Tuesday corresponding to (1/17/2023 AD), and the researcher studied the two research groups by herself.
The researcher used the following appropriate statistical means: (T-test for two independent samples, Pearson's correlation coefficient, difficulty coefficient equation, paragraph discrimination power equation, false alternatives effectiveness equation, Kuhn's equation, and the spss program). After analyzing the results statistically, the researcher concluded that the experimental group students excelled. The group students in the deep understanding test, and the researcher recommended a number of recommendations and proposals that were mentioned in the fourth chapter.

The current research aimed at verifying the factorial construction of the cognitive representation scale among middle school students using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, where the research objectives related to the two factorial constructions of the scale were formulated, and the research tool was built after relying on Solso's theory (2000), which was applied to A sample representative of the research community, the size of which was (320) male and female students from the tenth year of middle school, After which the data derived from the application of the research tool were subjected to statistical analysis by the method of the greatest likelihood to estimate the parameters of the model and choose a number of relevance indicators, and the Chi-square, in order to ensure the suitability of the model for the data , By using the statistical bag (SPSS-V25) and the program (AMOS-V25), the study concluded that the exploratory factorial construction was matched with the confirmatory factorial construction of the scale in its six-factor model of the first degree.

The aim of the research is to Identify the habits of mind among middle school students and their relationship to future thinking in mathematics. It was applied to a sample of (229) male and female students from the second intermediate grade students for the academic year (2022/2023 AD). In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared the two research tools, which are a measure of mental habits in mathematics, in its final form, consisting of (52) items, and a test for future thinking, consisting of (24) objective multiple-choice items. By methods of teaching mathematics and psychology, the results showed: middle school students have mental habits in mathematics with a good and acceptable degree of future thinking and there is a positive correlation statistically significant between mental habits and their future thinking in mathematics among middle school students, and a number of recommendations and proposals were presented for the purpose Carry out further research and studies.

The research aims to identify the impact of a mental and informational strategy on the students of the second intermediate grade and their clever thinking. The two researchers adopted the experimental approach with an experimental design for two equal groups, and the researchers randomly chose (Al-Shaima Intermediate School for Girls); As she formulated the behavioral goals for the topics she will study, they were (120) behavioral goals according to Bloom's levels (remembering, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation), and the researcher prepared (48) a daily plan for teaching the two research groups and presented a model of it to a group of arbitrators to see its validity and suitability For the students of the second intermediate grade, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared the skillful thinking scale: it consisted of (fourteen) fields with (4) paragraphs for each field. The discriminatory power and difficulty coefficient for each paragraph of the scale using appropriate statistical means, and the stability was extracted using the alpha-Cronbach method. Before correction, it reached (0.94), and after analyzing the results statistically using the t-test for two independent samples (the skillful thinking scale), the results yielded the following: The superiority of the experimental group over the control group that was taught in the usual way in the skillful thinking scale, and based on the results of the research, the researcher concluded that teaching the students of the second intermediate grade according to the strategy of my mind and my information had a positive impact on raising the achievement of the students of the experimental group who studied according to the strategy of my mind and my information compared to the achievement of the students of the group control subjects who studied according to the usual method.

The research aims to identify the impact of the (Neale) model on the pivotal thinking of the second intermediate grade students, and the researcher adopted the experimental approach, as she formulated the behavioral goals for the topics she will study, so it was (261) behavioral goals according to Bloom's levels (remembering, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation). ), and the researcher prepared (48) a daily plan for teaching the two research groups and presented a model of it to a group of arbitrators to see its validity and suitability for the students of the second intermediate grade, and to achieve the goal of the research, she prepared the pivotal thinking test: it consisted of (42) test items, and Al-Dhaheri’s sincerity was extracted through his presentation On a group of arbitrators in education and methods of teaching science, the discriminatory power and difficulty coefficient were calculated for each paragraph of the test paragraphs using appropriate statistical methods. Conclusion: Teaching using the (Neale) model led to an increase in the acquisition of physical concepts among the second intermediate grade students in science. In general, and the middle stages in particular, and as a complement to this research, the researcher proposes conducting research on the impact of the (Neale) model on the achievement and pivotal thinking of middle school students in the subject of chemistry.

The research aims to identify the impact of the P.M.I strategy on critical thinking among the fifth grade primary students, and to verify the objective of the research, the following null hypothesis was formulated: There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average achievement scores of the experimental group students who will study according to the P.M.I strategy and the average scores of the control group who will study according to the traditional method of critical thinking.
The current research community represented the fifth grade primary students in the morning public schools for boys affiliated to the Education Directorate of Baghdad Governorate / Al-Rusafa Al-Awwal for the academic year (2022-2023), as it reached (74) schools. The number of its students was (85) students from three divisions (A - B - C), and by simple random assignment, the research sample was chosen to represent (50) students from two divisions (A - B) with (24) and (26) students, respectively. Division (a) the experimental group that was studied according to the steps of the P.M.I strategy, and division (b) the control group that was studied according to the usual method. The experimental design with partial control was chosen for the two groups, the experimental and the control, with a post-test, the critical thinking of the fifth grade primary students. The experiment was applied in the first semester and lasted (10) weeks. The content of the first three units, including the first five chapters, was analyzed according to Bloom's classification of the cognitive domain for levels (remembering, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis), as it reached 164 behavioral goals, and (23) were prepared. A daily teaching plan for the experimental group using the P.M.I strategy and the same for the control group according to the usual method The students of the research sample (experimental and control) were rewarded in some of the variables that may affect the results of the research, namely (intelligence, previous achievement, previous information, and critical thinking).
The research tool was prepared, which is a critical thinking test consisting of (24) paragraphs distributed over four areas (knowledge of assumptions, interpretation, conclusion, deduction) and the virtual friend of the paragraphs was verified by presenting it to the arbitrators, and the researcher verified the sincerity of all construction in the test by means Calculating the correlation coefficient (Pearson) by extracting the relationship of the degree of each paragraph with the value of the values of the correlation coefficients for the paragraphs between (0.254-0.432), as well as for testing a relationship
The degree of each paragraph in the domain that it measures, so the values of the correlation coefficients for the paragraphs ranged between (0.237-0.237). which is an acceptable level of internal consistency. He also (0.421 ) extracted the psychometric characteristics of the items of the critical test tool. After completing the application of the experiment, the critical thinking test was conducted on the students of the research sample, the experimental group and the control group, and the data were analyzed statistically, based on the statistical bag (spss). In the control group, with statistical significance and a large effect on critical thinking, and in the light of the research results, the researcher recommends using the P.M.I strategy in teaching as an alternative to the usual method, and proposes a number of suggestions.

The research aims to identify the organizational intelligence among the heads of the departments of the colleges of the University of Baghdad and to identify the significance of the statistical differences of the measure of organizational intelligence according to the gender variable (males – fema) (172) head of the research sample department was selected, and in order to measure the level of organizational intelligence in the research, the researcher built the organizational intelligence scale, and the psychometric properties of the organizational intelligence scale were extracted, and the results showed that all the paragraphs are distinct, and thus all were kept Paragraphs The asure of organizational intelligence among department heads in its final form (28) items, The researcher also used the Facronbach method and the method of re-testing to find the reliability to extract the stability, and it reached (0,90) Statistical, and this means that the individuals of the sample as a whole have organizational intelligence for the first goal, and this means that there is no statistically significant difference, meaning that there is no difference that can be attributed to the gender variable between the heads of departments of the colleges of the University of Baghdad in the level of organizational intelligence Organizational Intelligence Categories key words.

The present study aims at identifying the effectiveness of the Circular House strategy on the achievement and development of visual thinking among student in the preparatory stagy in the Biology Education . The research assumes the two hypotheses:
1-There is no significant statistical difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of students in the experimental group and the average score of students in the control group in the overall test attributed to effectiveness of the Circular House strategy in the Biology Education as a teaching method compared with the traditional method. 2-There is no significant for statistical difference at the level of(0.05) between the average scores of students of the experimental group and the average score of students in the control group via the visual thinking attributed to effectiveness of the Circular House strategy in Biology Education as a teaching method compared with the traditional method. The sample of study consists of (49)students divided to(25)students in the experimental group who studied using the Circular House strategy and (24)students in the control group studied in the traditional method. To achieve the research goal, preparing the post-test consisted of (30)paragraph and the pre and the post test of the visual thinking consisted of(20)paragraph the result showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the two averages in the achievement test for scores of the students of two research groups and for the experimental group. There is also a statistically significant difference between the mean repetition for the test scores, Of the visual thinking skills of pre and posttest for two groups of research and for the experimental group.

The objective of the current research is to identify strategic thinking among kindergarten Leaders. The sample of the research includes 175 Leaders from the directorate of Kindergartens in Baghdad / alRusafa/1 – al-Rusafa/2 – al-Rusafa/3 and al-karkh/1/2/3 . To achieve the goals of the research , the researcher has prepared a scale (strategic thinking) after reviewing the theories and previous studies regarding the subject.
The Strategic Thinking scale consists of 40 items distributed on five fields (8) tangible items - (8) composition items – (8) abstracted items and ( 8) analytical items , (8) abstracted items, and the researcher reached the following results: --
1. Kindergarten directors are distinguished by strategic thinking.
2. There are no differences between strategic thinking among kindergarten directors according to the educational qualification.
3. There are differences between strategic thinking among kindergarten directors, according to years of service

The research aims to identify the impact of the (NEEDHAM) model on the acquisition of scientific concepts among the fifth grade students in science, and to verify the aim of the research, the following null hypothesis was formulated:
1- There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who will study according to the (NEEDHAM) model and the average scores of the control group students who will study according to the usual method in the scientific concepts acquisition test.
The experimental design with partial control was chosen for the experimental and control groups with a post-test to test the acquisition of scientific concepts.
The research community represented the fifth grade primary school students in Al-Nahrawan Primary School for Boys, affiliated to the Second Directorate of Education of Baghdad Al-Karkh, which was chosen randomly, as they numbered (64) students distributed into two divisions (A, B), and by simple random assignment, Division (B) represented the experimental group The number is (33) students, and the (A) division represented the control group, which numbered (31) students, and after excluding the (4) students who failed, by (3) a student from Division (B) and (1) a student from Division (A) The number of students in the experimental group became (30) and the number of students in the control group (30).
Tools were prepared for the research, the test of acquiring scientific concepts of the multiple-choice type, as it consisted of (33) items, the validity of the tool was verified by presenting it to a group of arbitrators, and its stability was calculated using the equation (Kewder Richardson-20), and the characteristics were extracted Psychometric for the test items, and the researcher applied the test of acquiring scientific concepts.
After completing the application of the experiment, a test of acquiring scientific concepts was conducted on the students of the research sample (the experimental group and the control group), and the data (research results) were analyzed statistically based on the statistical bag (spss). The results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group who studied according to the (NEEDHAM) model The students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the test of acquiring scientific concepts, with statistical significance and the size of a large impact on the acquisition of scientific concepts, and in the light of the results of the research, the researcher recommends using the (NEEDHAM) model in teaching as an alternative to the usual method, and proposes a number of suggestions.

The goal of the research to determine the identification of the correlation between the academic self -motivation of students of basic education at Al -Mustansiriya University, in addition to determining the differences in the level of academic self -motivation and the customs of the mind according to sex variables, as well as determining the strength and type of relationship between the two variables. To achieve this, the study was conducted on a sample of (300) male and female students, and with (139) students and (161) students, and the researcher adopted the scale of the academic self -motivation, which , which consists of (40) positions for each of the two alternatives, one of which represents the motivation Academic subjectivity and the other does not represent it, and it was extracted for the virtual honesty scale through the opinions of the arbitrators about the formulation of the vertebrae of the scale, in addition to that the statistical and mechanical characteristics were extracted to the discrimination of the vertebrae and the sincerity of construction and stability in two ways, namely Alpha-Cronbach, and the method of half-shine.
As for the scale of the habits of the mind, the researcher built the scale of the habits of the mind, which consists of (30) behavioral positions, and is distributed in three areas, which (the customs of the ability to plan the self consists of 10 behavioral positions), (the customs of power.

The aim of the research is to find out (the effectiveness of the strategy of learning stations in the attitudes of the second intermediate grade students towards mathematics). 29) female students, the learning stations strategy was applied to the two research groups (experimental and control). Teaching plans were developed for both groups. A measure of attitude appropriate to the Iraqi environment and the school stage was adopted, consisting of (36) items distributed over four areas (the nature of mathematics, the status of mathematics, the role of the mathematics teacher, and personal value). It was presented to a group of arbitrators and specialists in mathematics teaching methods to ensure its validity and stability. After applying the scale to the two groups, the results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups and in favor of the experimental group. The research concluded that the strategy of learning stations has an important role in students' attitudes towards mathematics. It recommends using this strategy in secondary schools. The research suggested conducting a similar study on other dependent variables such as multiple intelligences. Thinking and problem-solving skills.

The development and progress of societies in the present century came as a result of the great interest in preparing educational cadres and qualifying them for the educational tasks entrusted to them during the service or preparation period, and subjecting them to training courses that develop their capabilities in all educational fields, and the importance of the active learning strategy, and its active role in achieving educational goals and its contribution to Addressing the problems facing the learner may help him to understand the concepts. Therefore, it is necessary to work on creating opportunities for students to raise the level of their inductive thinking, which starts from particles to colleges, in order to achieve the goals in the processes of deduction and induction, and to develop their attitudes towards the subject through activities and practices that make students effective elements. And that the interest in learning strategies and the development of attitude made the students a focus in the educational process as a result of organizing the information they have, which enhances their ability to think. The differences between the experimental and control groups when equivalence in the variable of academic achievement for parents, the discrimination coefficient for the items of the inductive reasoning test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient for calculating the stability of the inductive thinking test. The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the active learning strategy according to the constructivist theory in the inductive thinking of the fifth grade literary students in the subject of history and the development of their attitudes towards the subject

The current research aimed to identify
1- Emotional fatigue among university students
2- Significance of differences in Emotional fatigue among university students at the level (0.05) according to the gender variable (male-female)
3- Academic adaptation of university students
4- Significance of differences in the academic adaptation of university students at the level (0.05) according to the gender variable (male, female)
5- The nature of the relationship between Emotional fatigue and academic adjustment among university students
The research is determined by identifying emotional fatigue and academic adaptation among male and female students of Al-Mustansiriya University. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the descriptive correlational approach and using appropriate statistical methods. The research reached the results that the students of Al-Mustansiriya University, the research sample, have emotional fatigue and the presence of statistically significant differences in emotional fatigue. According to the gender variable and in favor of the students, and the results also indicated that the university students enjoy academic adaptation and there are no statistically significant differences according to the gender variable. among university students, and the researcher recommended a set of recommendations and proposals .

● The current research seeks to identify the effectiveness of the strategy of searching for the other half in the collection of drawing and high order thinking among the students of the first-grade teacher department, in order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the study relied on the experimental approach through the design with partial control through two experimental and control groups consisting of (61) male and female students from the first-grade teacher department, and the researcher prepared an achievement test for the subject of drawing as well as a test to measure high-ranking thinking ,the researcher was keen to extract the appropriate psychometric characteristics of validity and reliability , and after applying the experiment, the study reached the following results;
1-The superiority of the members of the experimental group that studied according to the strategy of searching for the other half over the control group that studied by the prescribed method in academic achievement in the subject of drawing
2-The superiority of the experimental group that studied according to the strategy of searching for the other half over the control group that studied by the prescribed method in high-order thinking.

The aim of the research is to identify visual thinking and recall habits and to identify the relationship between them among the hearing impaired, as the research sample consisted of (140) male and female students with hearing disabilities, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher proceeded to build a visual thinking test consisting of (22) items, and a measure of habits The recall consists of (30) items for the hearing impaired, as the research objectives were achieved through the use of the procedures that were presented in the research. Weak in the field of organizing time, strengthening memory, preparing for the test, and the presence of a positive correlation between visual thinking and some of the study habits.

The purpose of the present research is to answer the following questions:
1) What is the use of educational platforms in mathematics teaching?
2) The extent to which Mathematics Department teachers use educational platforms in mathematics teaching? "
The research sample consists of 30 teaching and teaching courses from the Department of Mathematics of the Faculty of Basic Education/University of the Missionary. The researcher adopted the prescriptive methodology for his research. The research tool was prepared:
Measuring the use of educational platforms in the teaching of mathematics by subparagraph (28), distributed to the axes of measurement (first: presentation of content using educational platforms in mathematics learning, second: features and skills to use educational platforms in mathematics learning and third: obstacles and challenges to the use of educational platforms in mathematics learning. After applying the measure of the use of educational platforms, the compilation and tabulation of data in tables, and the use of statistical affordable means. The results of the research showed what is coming: a strong piracy relationship and a desire to use sports teachers for educational platforms and e-education in general, which can be attributed to several reasons:أ‌.A- Education in all parts of the world has been disrupted in educational institutions by the Covid-19 Caribbean and by frequent closures and openings over the past three years, which have led to the sudden transformation of education into e-education.
B- Some teachers and students know about e-learning skills and educational platforms.
C-The lack of educational resources for e-learning in educational institutions.
In the light of the research findings, the researcher has made several recommendations, including diversification of methods and methods of teaching used to present educational content that develop students' wishes, increase their interaction, share and motivation towards learning, and acquire training for all students Educational modules.

The current research aims to identify the impact of the Rothkoff model on the achievement of fifth-grade female students in mathematics. To achieve this goal, the researcher formulated the following zero hypothesis:
1- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group pupils who studied mathematics according to the Rothkoff model and the mean scores of the control group pupils who studied the same subject in the usual way in the achievement test.
As the research sample consisted of (60) female students from the fifth grade of primary school, for the first semester of the academic year (2023-2022), and Al-Asmai Primary School for Girls affiliated to the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad / Al-Karkh III was chosen intentionally, and by random selection, Division (B) was chosen. ) to represent the experimental group that studied according to the Rothkoff model by (30) female students, and Division (C) to represent the control group that studied according to the usual method by (30) female students, and the two groups were rewarded in the following variables (chronological age in months, intelligence, and previous knowledge in Mathematics, previous achievement, and parents' educational level).
The research tool was prepared as an achievement test in mathematics consisting of (24) items, including (22) objective items of multiple choice type with four alternatives and (2) essay items according to the six Bloom levels (knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation), and using the (alpha-Cronbach) equation, the value of the stability coefficient was (0.88).
After completing the experiment, the achievement test was applied as a whole to the two groups (experimental and control) and after collecting data and using appropriate statistical methods, the results of the research were as follows:
There is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the achievement test in mathematics as a whole, in favor of the experimental group.
The most important recommendations:
1- Inviting primary school teachers to apply the Rothkoff model by presenting texts in teaching mathematics due to the importance shown by the results of this research in increasing achievement.
The most important suggestions:
1- Conducting a study similar to the current research on other dependent variables such as critical thinking, creative thinking, and the attitude towards the subject.

Constructing a cluster achievement test in (educational statistics) for master's students in educational and psychological sciences departments according to the traditional measurement theory The researcher followed the scientific steps to achieve the first goal in building a cluster achievement test in the subject (educational statistics), starting from defining the academic content and formulating behavioral goals. The test was applied to a sample of (400) male and female students They were chosen in a random stratified manner from Iraqi university students for the departments of educational and psychological sciences. The researcher used the traditional measurement theory to calculate the psychometric characteristics related to the test items represented by (the difficulty of the items , the distinction of the items , the validity of the items and the effectiveness of alternatives), as well as the psychometric properties related to the test, which are (Validity and reliability). I concluded that all the items and clusters of the test are of medium difficulty, and that their discrimination is very good, as well as the test is characterized by very high stability.

The abundance of pressures is characteristic of this era due to the existing obstacles and numerous problems, despite the great scientific progress, because along with this great progress and more openness, many complications and problems have emerged that have also affected the behavior of individuals, especially the group ages that are within the developmental processes as they have influenced values and moral systems in general. In this way, this research will expose those problems and obstacles among secondary school students in Iraqi society, and Kurdish society in particular.
Moral intelligence carries with it several basic features or characteristics that make people not oppose moral characteristics such as (truth, forgiveness, and trust, etc.), also some the educational institutions feel that the level of moral intelligence of the societal members and students weakens and, therefore, face a big problem concerning that and it is continuing to become a bigger problem in future.
This study aims to determine the following:
1. Level of moral intelligence among secondary school students.
2. IQ level indicators of moral behavior among secondary school students by gender (female).
3. Significance of differences in the level of moral intelligence among middle school students according to the variable of specialization (scientific, humanity).
The sample consisted of (750) male students, including (347) boys and (403) students in Erbil. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared the moral vitality criterion and status of validated criteria and the researcher statistically processed it statistically with the statistical program (SPSS) and reached the following results:
1- The sample set of the study shows that the participants have moral variation.
2- Statistically, there are remarkable differences between the measurements of moral intelligence according to the variation of (male, female) in favor of males.
3- Statistically, there is a remarkable difference between moral intelligence according to professions (scientific or humanity) in favor of the scientific branch.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of using electronic mind mapping on EFL Students' Achievement in English Grammar. The sample of this study included two academic classes that were chosen from the second year students in the English Language Department / College of Basic Education / University of Mustansiriya. The first class included (28) students and represented the experimental group where its members were studied grammar using the Electronic mind maps. The second class included (26) students and represented the control group where its members were studied grammar using the conventional method. The data of the study was collected based on an achievement test that was applied to the two study groups. After conducting statistical analysis, the results indicated a statistically significant difference at level (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group and the scores of the students of the control group in the post-test of English grammar in favor of the experimental group. The results also indicated that the size of the effect resulting from the use of electronic mind maps on English grammar in the experimental group was high. Based on the results, a number of appropriate recommendations were suggested, most notably providing training workshops for English language teachers to train them in preparing electronic mind maps and employing them in teaching English grammar.

The current study aims to identify the potential effects of using Facebook reels as a pre-lesson activity on EFL learners' pronunciation. Specifically, this identification seeks to explore how pre-lesson Facebook reels influence EFL learners' proficiency in using English sound system and pronunciation skills, as well as their engagement and motivation. The findings of this study can help in designing engaging and efficient pre-lesson activities for enhancing EFL learners' pronunciation skills, and can provide a gateway for future research to continue investigating the use of social media in language learning.
The researcher adopted the descriptive approach to achieve the goal of the research and chose a sample of 50 students from the fourth stage in the English language department / College of Basic Education / morning study academic year 2022/2023 25 males and 25 females to collect quantitative data on the research variable through the distribution of a digital questionnaire by Google Docs. The questionnaire included 13 items divided into four tabs: pronunciation, proficiency, engagement, and motivation towards using Facebook video reels as a pre-lesson activity.
The results show that using Facebook reels as a pre-lesson activity for practicing English pronunciation as a positive impact on EFL learners' English pronunciation and the majority of the respondents felt motivated to continue using it for improving their skills.