Journal of The Iraqi University

Summary
The call of the Prophet Saleh, peace be upon him, was based on the unification of God Almighty to the people of Thamud and they were a denial people, as God sent him to them to reject polytheism and unbelief, and then he began to remind his people of the blessings that God gave them, and God gave them a lot of sustenance, and their structure was good and healthy, and they carved houses and castles from The mountains, and they were of great strength and might, and the Prophet of God Salih, peace be upon him, always reminded them of those who preceded them as a people who returned and what their conditions had become as a result of their disbelief, and how God appointed them on earth after their destruction, but they disobeyed their Lord by their worship of idols and they boasted among themselves of their strength, so God sent them a good evangelist. And a warning, but they lied and disobeyed him, and demanded that he come with a miracle so that they might believe him, so he brought them the she-camel, and it was an unusual one. The she-camel drank all the water on the day of her shift, and did not drink at all on the day of their shift, then she watered the people with her milk the next day, and he commanded them not to harm her, but they insisted on their arrogance, so they stabbed the she-camel, and God sent down a thunderbolt on them, so they were stunned for the reward of their action.Keywords: : The Camel of Saleh, The People of Thamud, The Economy of the People of Saleh, Water, Stories of The Qur’an

ABSTRAK
This study dealt with an important topic related to the sciences of the Holy Qur’an, namely (misconceptions and the role of the Holy Qur’an and the Prophet’s Sunnah in correcting them). The researcher used the inductive method In this research, there is a response to the suspicions that Muslims and Islamic thought are exposed to by those who lurk in it as a result of the intended or unintended understanding of the Quranic verses. The study concluded with the most important findings, including: The study showed that the Holy Qur’an and the purified Sunnah of the Prophet address the conditions that were present in every time and place in a realistic manner without causing an economic and social shock. The study also indicated that the lack of understanding and comprehension of the legal texts causes great problems, and misconceptions, including the revelation of verses regarding the infidels to Muslims.

Among the reasons that prompted me to investigate these issues, I found in its verification something very important, since this book is one of the important books in Hanafi jurisprudence, as it is one of the precious manuscripts, and in its investigation is a revival of the glorious heritage of the nation, especially since the manuscript deals with valuable jurisprudential issues.This manuscript is one of the best left by Imam Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi, may God Almighty have mercy on him, who wrote it down at the request of some of his friends, and this is what the Imam, may God have mercy on him, mentioned at the beginning of the manuscript, and I chose something brief from the issues that I dealt with, because Imam al-Nabulsi extracted the issues from books Gentlemen of the Hanafis, and then proceeded in explaining the ruling on issues by mentioning sayings Gentlemen of the Hanafis, and mention their books, and then extract the opinion and a summary of the opinion on the issue.For my work in this dissertation, I collected what was available in my hands from the written copies, then I chose one of these copies and transcribed its text, and chose two written copies for the interview on the transcribed copy, and I proved the differences between the original copy and the other copies in the margin, and I also corrected the transcribed text And taking into account the spelling in writing in a contemporary manner, and I took care of the verified text, then I attributed every word mentioned in the text to the book in which it was mentioned, with the translation of the books and scholars who were mentioned in the text.Keywords: sharpening, mindfulness, purification, anointing.

Abstract
This research contains a study of misconceptions spread among students of knowledge, repeating them on their tongues, but the situation has come to them that they have made them Muslim rules that they infer to prove non Muslim rulings, and the misconceptions in this research amounted to ten terms that fall under different rules, and these issues were discussed according to fundamental rules, and showed its errors.
Keywords: Quran, conjecture, public, hardship

Summary:
Theresearchwasconcerned with eliciting jurisprudential rulings related to the hadith: (The start of the call to prayer...); Which was included by Abu Dawood in his Sunan, and the hadith is long, the beginning of it: (... He said: The Prophet, peace be upon him, was interested in prayer, how people would gather for it. It was said to him: Set up a banner when the prayer came, and if they saw it, they called each other, but he did not like that. He said: Al-Qana’ was mentioned to him - meaning the ashbur, and Ziyad said: the Jews’ spit - he did not like that, and he said: “He is the one who commanded the Jews”...), and I also mentioned some of the rulings of the call to prayer in which the scholars differed - may God have mercy on them -, and in the conclusion of the research I mentioned all that I found it from the results of this research.

Abstract
Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Tamimi, may God Almighty have mercy on him, is Abd al-Aziz ibn al-Harith ibn Assad ibn al-Layth ibn Sulayman ibn al-Aswad ibn Sufyan ibn Yazid ibn Akinah ibn Abdullah Abu al-Hasan al-Tamimi, and his nickname is “Abu al-Hasan.” He was nicknamed al-Tamimi in relation to Tamim. He was one of the trusted imams who was They have good effects that God Almighty has brought to us, and as a matter of loyalty to these virtuous personalities, I thought to write about the jurisprudential opinions of Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Tamimi, may God have mercy on him, in purity and worship, and I found that he was unique in seven issues.key words:Sunny water, gold utensils, nakedness, imprisoned, rain.

Abstract
The aim of the research is to clarify the effect of incapacity and insolvency in fulfilling the vow, as the problem lies in the fact that some Muslims commit themselves to a vow that he is unable to fulfill, so the matter becomes difficult for him even though the vow is a pure act of God Almighty and did not obligate man to what is beyond his capacity.The topic of the research is of great importance in the lives of Muslims in that it investigates that the intention of making a vow is for God alone, based on the sayings of the imams of the four schools of thought (Hanafi, Shafi’i, Maliki and Hanbali) and that the care must be to do good and righteous deeds initially and voluntarily without committing oneself to what God Almighty did not oblige him. Who is worthy of worship and thanksgiving.In this research, the issues of incapacity and insolvency in fulfilling the vow were investigated using the comparative method through what was mentioned by the jurists and scholars according to the four schools of thought, with the weighting between them according to the opinion of the researcher.Keywords( disability/ insolvency/vow/fulfillment)

Abstract
Relying on God almighty is closely related to belief ,and the absence of this concept has an impact on the individual and thus its reflection on society, this is because if the virtue of trust is instilled in the souls of society it is followed by all other lslamic virtues such as strength,courage,patience,sufficiency,memorization,forbearance love,and other moral virtues so that the society will be more patient,courageous,dreamy,satisfied with fate and destiny,love and thanks to God Almighty,as well as relying on work,not laziness,and a call for advancement in all) industrial and agricultural, sectors commercial sectors .(.....

Islam came to organize the life of the Islamic nation through gradual legislation and arranging the necessities of life according to their priorities and importance for the Muslim individual, family, society, government and the state, and in order for the nation to rise and build its civilization, and to restore security and peace to the whole world when Islamic Sharia prevails and governs the land, east and west. This research is the jurisprudence of priorities in the purposes of Sharia according to the Islamic perspective, a definition of the jurisprudence of priorities from the linguistic and idiomatic aspect, then he clarifies the importance of the legal document for this principle, then shows the importance of the principle of priorities and the need for it today and its most important criteria, and then shows the importance of the relationship of priorities with the principle of balance and its relationship to objectives .

Abstract
The topic of this paper is related to the reasons and causes of the spread of societal violence and terrorism. I will try to present the root for such phenomenon as well as extremism. According to my view, the most serious and influential topic deserves a careful study and exhaustive examination is: Terrorism, extremism and violence. These turned to be social phenomenon. It is my conclusion that associating terrorism with any specific religion or society is wrong. In most cases, there are factors caused this to emerge. It does not come without reasons factors caused it. The analytical approach had been used. The researcher has concluded that the reasons and causes for the emergence of this thought are multiple and vary. The causes can be intellectual, psychological, political, or social reasons. It can be also driven by economic and educational motives. With an objective and comprehensive view, the researcher can be sure that the causes are intertwined and overlapping. Therefore, we should not focus on one cause, as the phenomenon we are facing is a complex one and its causes are many and overlapping.Keywords: terrorism, violence, community terrorism, causes of violence, causes of terrorism.

Summary:
The issue of atheism and related problems is not a recent phenomenon, rather it is a phenomenon as old as history, but in the past, the matter of atheism was not a problem, as it was the phenomenon of the untouchable few, and it was weakly spread and very limited, but like other temptations, it is subject to continuous modernization, but in our time In the hadith, the matter has changed a lot, as atheism has become a global phenomenon, and even entire countries have become called atheist states, and perhaps the reason for this extreme spread of atheism is the difference in its content from the old atheism, which was either associating with God or atheism in His names and attributes, as the Jews adopted the idea Modern atheism, and they saw it as the ideal way to empower their nation over all other nations by weakening other nations religiously, morally and socially, by seducing people with atheistic and materialistic ideas, so they made modern atheism based on many theories dyed with a scientific character and ideas sweetened by logic and arrangement and suspicions that need specialists to refute them, which made it A strong trap for a large group of people, such as the young generation, adolescents, the uneducated, the weak-minded, those who do not have any religious knowledge, and many others. The Jews had the largest role throughout history in spreading All global atheistic ideas such as communism, Darwinism, Freudianism, etc., and what made it easier for them to do so in our current era is the availability of social networking sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, which in turn enabled atheism to reach every home either directly or indirectly, as if it is within An educational program presented in an image and scientific nature as proven facts or mixed with comedy and banter, in order to make it easier to convince young people of it. The research clarified the types of ancient atheism, as well as the types of modern atheism. The research also presented the most important atheistic suspicions that led many to atheism, and the research also presented the position of the Jews on atheism and their history with it, and their role in spreading it throughout history and the methods they used in that. It is widespread today, and it never became a global phenomenon, and he also concluded that despite the many causes and means of spreading atheism, it can be overcome and confronted by refuting its suspicions and spreading religious culture. Many places to address atheism and deal with all its problems.key words:The phenomenon of atheism, modern atheism, the position of the Jews towards atheism, the role of the Jews in spreading atheism, Zionism, the motives of atheism, the causes of atheism, suspicions of atheism.

Summary:
Our research tagged with (material (nasha) and its contextual relevance within). Among what the commentators, the masters of rhetoric and its masters mentioned, and perhaps we do not exaggerate if we say that consideration of the Holy Qur’an is the means of steadfastness and honorThe chapters on the search for the beauty of the image varied: (the context of description, and the context of acknowledgment).

Summary:
These pages intended to answer the following question:
What is the true position of Ibadi scholars of the justice of the sons-in-law? Is the position of the ancient scholars different from the contemporary ones, or is it the same?
Therefore, the tagged research included: (The Companions of the Ibadis, the forerunners and the contemporary, “Al-Sahran as a model”) two main axes;The first: Presentation of multiple models of the position of the advanced scholars on the Ibadis and their sayings about the justice of the Companions, especially the two caliphs, Othman and Ali, may God be pleased with them.The second: It presents a group of sayings of the famous contemporary scholars of our time regarding the attitude towards the Companions in general and the two sons-in-law in particular.
God and the Pacific to either way...

Abstract
Arabic literature, with all its clear data, is rooted in the expressive side full of emotions, and the last, and the simulation of reality and its embodiment, was represented in that human message carried by the character of poetry, which reveals the characteristic of discourse, which is one of the elements that creators rely on in conveying their goal represented in highlighting human and social aspects. And the extent of its impact on society in general and the addressee in particular, and this creative feature made the poets scoop out the structures of their innovative ideas that make the recipients live it in the depth of the poetic experience

Abstract
This paper came under the title of semantic meaning in the return of conscience, where it showed that the element of the return of conscience or referral is one of the most important elements that contribute to the construction of the text in that some words do not have an independent connotation, but are mentioned in other parts of the discourse, and this is what called linguists to stand On pronouns and their importance in the construction of the text and the significance of their meaning in the context, which we will show in this paper is the indication of the exact meaning in the reference of these pronouns.Keywords: semantic, pronoun.

Savior :
This study dealt with the two topics of wisdom and old age, and their implicitly related meanings and other topics, such as admonition, advice, and guidance, in the poetry of a capable Andalusian poet, who left an influential imprint, competing with others, in the arena of Arabic poetry in general, and Andalusian (Paradise Lost) in particular. In many of his poetic texts, this poet tried hard to shed light on these reform themes, which contribute to building society and man, and urge him to walk towards the right path, especially in the stage of his old age, after his mind has matured, and he has gotten rid of the fleeting pleasures of the world, and his poetry has turned black. To the whiteness, which in his view is a clear sign of the imminence of death, and its nearness, so he was certain of the demise of youth, which he was upon, and that it would not return as the darkness of the night returns after the light of day. Or he sits behind her, as in his hair, which covered the image of gray hair; Because it is the best for that according to our humble vision, and the study was divided into an introduction, two topics, and a conclusion.

Research Summary:
In the fever of enthusiasm and the noise of collective impulse there is no room for thoughtfulness, deliberateness, accounting, review and scrutiny, in such a case haste is normal, and mixing or falsifying facts is easier than anything else, readers have pasted the accusations of several Arab recipes, It has been said to be a text that has been transformed into the pre-Islamic era, and is a product of narrators who lived in the second century AH, but there are some scholars who did not stand idly by, but tried hard to correct that deviant path by confronting that path with another path that distances from the lamia the specter of plagiarism and proves its authenticity to that era Keywords: deviation, plagiarism, exclusion, trying, correction, vision.

Abstract:
It aims to identify the most prominent crises faced. Women through the distance education experience, where women have many responsibilities, including being a housewife - mother, sister, daughter and wife - who have work outside the home, which led to the emergence of multiple crises (economic - technical - time), and this gave importance to women to manage Crises, where you need to properly manage crises to reduce or eliminate them. The study found: The alternative is continuing education. - The educational image has become remote, instilling a culture of social distancing in reducing the increase in the incidence of this virus, and the importance of using vaccination to refer to treatment. And that planning is the inevitable entrance to reduce any threats to society. Among the most important recommendations: the continuous change in educational patterns - according to the severity of the outbreak of the epidemic - and moving forward with blended education, and thinking about devising new plans to manage the crisis of the emerging corona virus, according to what it appears from the variables in the future. And building a solid health and social awareness based on scientific facts published by solid health websites.
key wordsThe crisis - crisis management - types of crises - e-learning - the corona pandemic.

The current research aimed to identify the significance of the difference between the level of self-esteem among students of the College of Education for Girls according to the variables of age and specialization.
The sample of the current research was limited to (120) students from undergraduate study in the majors (Quranic Sciences and Islamic Education, Arabic Language, History, English Language, Sharia, Kindergarten, and Special Education) in the College of Education for Girls/ the morning study The researcher adopted the "Cooper-Smith" scale (1967) consisting of (58) items. For each paragraph, there are two alternatives for the answer. The respondent chooses from them the alternative that agrees with him or applies to him. Its stability is verified by the retest method, the application of Cronbach's alpha equation, and the semi-partition method. The stability coefficient was For the scale (0.63, 0.87, 0.68), respectively, and its validity was verified by adopting two indicators: apparent validity, and the internal consistency method. The results showed using the t-test for two independent samples:There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of second-grade students and the average scores of fourth-grade students, in favor of fourth-grade students.There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of female students majoring in the sciences of the Qur’an and Islamic education, Arabic language, history, Sharia, and the average scores of female students majoring in English and kindergarten and special education in the level of self-esteem, in favor of female students majoring in English and Kindergarten, and special education. In light of this, the researcher recommended the need to include in university curricula, activities, and programs activities that increase the level of self-esteem among university students in a way that qualifies them to complete their scientific and professional careers She suggested studying the relationship between self-esteem and parental treatment methods. Self-esteem , students , College , age , specialization

Research Summary:
The doll is an effective and important element in communicating human ideas to the child and the moving, silent, speaking object that attracts his attention and influences him directly. Through it, we can make children learn language, speech, customs and traditions. There is no child who does not love dolls because they are the best friend for all his feelings and emotions, even for introverted children. Through them, we can To communicate educational and moral ideas to the child without resorting to old educational methods. The idea of this research was founded through the question posed by the researcher: What is the function of the puppet - as an educational tool - in aesthetic education, to develop the artistic taste of the Riyadh child?
The importance of the research is evident in the following:
1. The importance of the role played by aesthetic education in society, including aesthetic values that contribute to the formation of emotional taste, and the internal impulse that controls human behavior.
2. Knowing the importance of aesthetic education and artistic taste for kindergarten children.
3. Introducing the doll - as an educational tool - to the kindergarten child.
The current research aims to identify the function of the puppet as an educational tool in aesthetic education and the development of the artistic taste of the kindergarten child.
The results of this search showed the following:
• Aesthetic education is important in a child's life, especially in kindergarten, and it has a great role in developing aspects of his emotional personality and their integration, which calls for serious interest and a great goal in children and building their artistic and aesthetic taste.
• The areas of art education, including the puppet theater, have a great role in providing the artistic environment in the life of the child, and contribute greatly to the development of artistic taste and emotional and aesthetic education.Keywords: glove doll - artistic taste - aesthetic education.

Abstract
The research aims to identify the extent to which the MARC21 standard and the RDA rules are applied in indexing and classifying the manuscripts available in the Iraqi Manuscripts House, what are the advantages achieved by applying the MARC21 standard and the RDA rules, and the difficulties or obstacles that prevent the application of the MARC21 standard and the RDA rules for indexing and classifying manuscripts in the library as a research sample. On the survey method in obtaining the necessary data for the research, and the most important data collection tools, the interview and the observation that is carried out with the official in charge of the indexing and classification department in the Iraqi Manuscripts House, and the questionnaire that is distributed to the staffing in the department, as their number reached (7) employees. The research found a number of results, including:
1-The Library does not rely on the MARC21 and the RDA rules for indexing its manuscripts because there is no qualified staff to work according to this standard and the lack of financial support for the house, which helps to qualify the staff to suit the recent developments in cataloging, classification and automated systems that can be used to develop the house and promote Services provided to beneficiaries . 2 - The staffing lack the necessary qualifications to apply the modern rules in cataloging and classification because of their role in opening broad horizons for cooperation between them and other institutions related to it, because of the lack of involvement in training courses in this regard.
The most important proposals that came out of the research were as follows:
-1 Provide financial support to the house which helps to qualify the staff to suit the modern developments in the field of cataloging, classification and automated systems that can be used to develop the home and improve the services provided to the beneficiaries.
-2Involvement of staff in training courses on MARC21 and the rules of cataloging Anglo - American and the importance of control and advocacy role in the standardization of the entrances and Metadata because of their role in opening broad horizons for cooperation between them and other institutions related to them.
Keywords: Manuscripts, MARC21 Standard, RDA Rules.
The research aims to identify the extent to which the MARC21 and RDA

Abstract
The current study aimed to identify the difficulties facing the application of the (STEM) in the teaching of mathematics from the point of view of mathematics teachers in the capital Amman. The study sample consisted of (120) male and female teachers in public schools, which were chosen by the intentional method, and the results of the study showed that there are difficulties facing the application of the (STEM) in teaching mathematics from the point of view of mathematics teachers with a high degree in all axes, and the absence of statistically significant differences attributed to The impact of gender in all fields and in the total degree on the difficulties facing the application of the (STEM) in the teaching of mathematics. Keyword: STEM, Difficulties, mathematics teachers

Abstract
This research aims to know the effect of the Ayas model in developing the skills of expressive performance and creative thinking among first-intermediate students in written expression. The experimental group, and the number of its students was (34), and the division (B) represented the control group, as the number of its students was (34) students, and equivalence was conducted in a number of variables that may affect the safety of the experiment, and the researcher formulated the behavioral goals according to Bloom’s classification Its number is (56) A behavioral objective in the light of the content of the prescribed course, and the necessary plans were prepared for the subjects of the expression, and the researcher prepared two tests, one for the development of written expression and the other for the development of creative thinking: The students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group, and in light of the results, the researcher recommends using the Ayas model in teaching written expression to students of the first intermediate grade, for the role of the actor in developing the students' expression skills and creative thinking. Keywords: model, despair, skills development, expressive performance and creative thinking

Abstract:
The current research aims to measure the effectiveness of strategies for developing imagination and stimulating kinesthetic intelligence in developing the, skills, of ,fourth year, preparatory students, in, the, subject, of, handicrafts - colored paper materials To study this, the researcher determined to build teaching plans for handicraft skills according to (Imagination Development Strategies).Two, null, hypotheses, were, formulated,:
1.There, are nom statistically, significant differences, at the, level of, significance, (0.05) between, the grades, of the, students of the, two, groups ,(experimental ,and control) in ,assessing ,skill ,performance (pre).
2. There, are no, statistically, significant differences, at the ,level of, significance, (0.05) between, the grades ,of the, students of the ,two groups, (experimental, and control) in assessing, skill performance, (post The results, of this,research, showed the, following,:The effectiveness, of, teaching, plans, according, to, (imagination development strategies) in, developing the, skills of, handicrafts for the, fourth preparatory students - the experimental group. Which had a positive effect to reach the desired results.

Abstract
The issue of sustainable development has attracted the attention of many countries in the world and the Arab countries because of its importance in preserving natural resources and preserving the environment. Economic growth is one of the main means for achieving sustainable development. However, the rapid population growth and the exacerbation of political, security, economic and social problems in most countries Especially in Iraq, where indicators showed that there is a disruption in the exploitation of natural and human resources led to the existence of environmental problems, social and economic because of the political crisis experienced by IraqThe study recommended the adoption of solutions and solutions, including the activation of the rule of law and granting powers to the local administration to implement policies to develop programs to raise awareness of the community through the media and the building of legal institutions as well as the deliberate transition from government to government and citizen and the adoption of a strategy suited to the reality of the Iraqi economy.Keywords: 1 - the concept of development 2 - dimensions of development 3 - indicators of development 4 - obstacles to development 5 - sustainable development

ABSTRUCT
The process of drawing up public policies is one of the central processes in building the foundations of rational policies of the political system, where the policy represents a major exit for the government in the political system and at the same time the main entrance of the administrative system within the same political system .. No policy is not the result of the effort of many Institutions and procedures that differ from one political system to another, but ultimately represent the basic direction of work before the administrative apparatus. James Anderson pointed to the importance of executive power by saying that we live in the stage of executive hegemony and in which the effectiveness of the government depends entirely on the leadership And in the Aviation Safety drawing implementation of public policies.
Research problem
The basic problem of the process of drawing the general policy is the nature of the drawing, and it is the drawing hand, where there is great confusion between drawing, making and taking, in addition to the overlap between the executing agencies, which is reflected in the clarity of the vision of the drawing.Research MethodologyThe most appropriate curriculum that studies and analyzes public policies is the descriptive analytical approach.Hypothesis ResearchThe researcher assumes that a central process of drawing up public policies will enable him to develop effective policies for the political system and the citizen.Research difficultiesScientific research usually falters with its source of resources. The most difficult of them is the lack of a real understanding of the nature of the drawing because there are no real political bodies charged with drawing

Abstract
It is a general rule in the criminal law that the legislator, when punishing criminal behavior, does not take into account the time in which it was committed. Time is not part of the legal composition of the crime, but the legislator may in some cases and for legal considerations deviate from the general rule. Therefore, and in order to punish some crimes, proving their commission at a certain time becomes a requirement. Interpretation of this is that the behavior does not represent a danger unless it was committed at this specific time.Criminal law jurists differed in determining the time phase in which the criminal will of the perpetrator is followed to commit the criminal behavior as well as its result. There are some crimes in which the criminal intent includes a temporal element that separates the act from its result in most cases. In these cases, time becomes an element in the formation of the crime and the law has different criminal rules towards it.

Conclusion
Judicial notification is a formal procedure whose aim is to inform the person to be notified of what is directed to him by the court, and in order to achieve this goal, it must be true, and therefore the notification is considered invalid if it is marred by a defect or a fundamental deficiency that violates its validity or exceeds its purpose On the basis of this, the court proceeds with its procedures if the notification was done correctly and legally, then the court may proceed with the lawsuit procedures and decide on the dispute between the litigants, but if the notification was made in a manner other than the form specified by the law, then the invalidity results, and this invalidity may be either related to the system General, i.e. a decision to protect the public interest, or the invalidity is relative, i.e. a decision to protect the private interest. The importance of judicial notifications is highlighted by considering notification as the basis on which the lawsuit procedures are built. Accordingly, it must not be satisfied with setting rules and procedures for the lawsuit without setting a penalty for anyone who violates them and forcing the litigants to follow them. These procedures by themselves help the owner to follow the path he reaches. to his right. Keywords: official notification paper, judicial ruling, litigation

Abstract
There are many ideas that do not agree with the truth, regardless of whether the truth is judicial or factual, and this is like the so-called legal assumption, and in Islamic Sharia jurisprudence it corresponds to the so-called legal trick. In the development of law and the interpretation of its texts through the historical rooting of it and the statement of its legal philosophy, and then a statement of the applications of the legal assumption.

Abstract:
Parliament is a constitutional institution specialized in legislating laws within the state. It includes a group of individuals who exercise their authority through this institution. They are chosen in various ways, including appointment, election and inheritance. The most democratic way to choose them is election.
The law may grant some privileges to members of Parliament, not in themselves, but in their positions, which necessarily means that these privileges end with the end of their duties, and accordingly, the privileges that a member of Parliament enjoys automatically lapse with the termination of membership in the Council, and the Iraqi Constitution of 2005 stated that a member of Parliament enjoys the rights of membership From the date of approving the election results, the member assumes his duties after taking the constitutional oath without stopping to verify the validity of his membership, and that these rights continue throughout the term of the member’s representation, and ends with the expiry or demise of the membership status, whether the termination is ordinary or exceptional

Abstract:
Therefore, jurisdiction is held to consider these disputes for the ordinary judiciary, which is provided for by legal provisions affirming the jurisdiction of the ordinary judiciary to consider disputes raised through the implementation of administrative contracts, as stipulated in article )29) of the Iraqi Civil Arguments Act No. (83 of( 1998, as well as article (3) of the Judicial Regulation Act No. (160 of( 1988, which provided for the jurisdiction of the elimination of all natural and public and private persons, except except with a special provision of the law of judicial regulation. Thus, the ordinary space (the court already competent to hear the dispute) is competent to ratify and implement arbitration judgements.The arbitrators' rulings have the merits of the past, and if this is the case with the arbitration judgements, they are not different from the rulings of the judiciary, since some have equated arbitration with the judiciary, considering that the arbitrator is a judge and that the arbitral award is the judicial ruling, that the administrative judiciary is competent to issue an order for the execution of arbitration provisions in administrative contracts, and that the arbitration ruling in administrative disputes is considered to be administrative and subject to the same procedures as the execution of these provisions. Thus, the means that a person who has obtained an arbitration judgement against the State can use to force it to carry out the sentence are the same means that can be used by those who have obtained a ruling from the administrative courts in their favour against the State to force it to carry it out. Moreover, some writers and jurists make the arbitration provision in administrative disputes within the administrative provisions in matters of implementation.In Iraq, the situation is different. The ordinary judiciary is competent to hear disputes over administrative contracts rather than administrative justice, since the State Shura Council Act No. 65 of 1977 amended by Law No. 106 of 1988, under which the Administrative Court of Justice was formed, did not give that court jurisdiction over disputes over administrative contracts.
In Iraq, the situation is different. The ordinary judiciary is competent to hear disputes over administrative contracts rather than administrative justice, since the State Shura Council Act No. 65 of 1977 amended by Law No. (106) of 1988, under which the Administrative Court of Justice was formed, did not give that court jurisdiction over disputes over administrative contracts.

Abstract
was Iraq was one of the first countries in the Middle East to use trains to transport passengers and goods. According to available documents, the first flight was from Baghdad to Al-Daqa (Dujail) south of Samarra in 1914, and that "Iraq continues to use the railways built by the Germans in 1914 and developed by the British in 1916 during their colonization of Iraq... Then a train was routed from the stronghold in Basra to Baghdad on the metric line which is less than 90 cm and from Baghdad to Mosul on the metric line as well as from Mosul to Istanbul and called the Train Taurus the first train of the East Express and stops on the Turkish-Asian side and then proceeds from the European side penetrating Europe to the British capital (London), which was considered the longest journey on the train in the world, and the importance of this matter we invited us to study the tabernaq of the station in The Djel because it is one of the oldest railway stations in the world Iraq our study includes in general the history of the construction of the railway in Iraq as well as a descriptive study of the station palace after we have carried out a field study of the station where we developed plans and photographs of the station from all its parts and aspects to show the research in an integrated way and be a reference for theKeywordsDujail City , Train Station , Heritage , Amary , Railway

abstract
Abo-Idris,Ali Ibn ldris Al-Rouhani Al-Ba’qoubi(D-H619)- A His Torical sTudy. Abu-ldris AL-Rouhani ALBa’qoubi is on of eminent higures of(Ba’qoubah) which used to be one of Ba’qhdads deeds in The Islamic Ages. Due to its importan, it became an illumination centra of scholars and jurist. This is because it is Located on The route between Baghdad and the Islamic East. This,in hact, is whatis reherred to as The Trade Route connecting The East with the Islamic world. Besides,it is the pilgraims rout aswellas its being the route of those heading for umra,the students and the sheikhs All those who seek knowledge at the hands of the scholars of mecca,madina, Baghdad,Damascus,Egypt and north Africa took this strategic route to go to these centres of knowledge.Ali Ibn-Idris is from the prophetic family and one who is closest to the sheikh Abdel-Qadir AL.Qailane.Due to his well-known reputation,he is being inves tiga ted-explored and studied historically the study has tackled his name, surname,hickname,lineage,family,and his knowledge to sheikh AL-Qailoni. In addition, his state ments, corres pon dence with other scholars, and what others had said about him- Evenhis poetic heritage has been shed light upon.In condusion,his death has bear mentionel. He died in the year 619 of Hijra

Abstract
The issue of human slavery, trafficking and exploitation still exists and represents a hideous phenomenon and a disgrace on the forehead of contemporary humanity despite all laws, international agreements, human rights charters, constitutions and national laws of countries, which did not prevent the continuation of the slavery phenomenon, which was treated by Islam and the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). And the House of the Immaculate (peace be upon them). Therefore, studying this subject is of great importance to benefit from the lessons of that care, its nature and objectives.and its effects. It should be noted that the care of the imams (peace be upon them) for the slaves and the focus on the minute details of that care in all its economic, intellectual, social and political aspects, is not intended to dismiss any kind of suspicion or refute a libel or accusations that raise doubts about the generous care of the imams of the family (peace be upon them). In the sense of defending them and their biography, they do not need this kind of raising suspicions and defending the accusations because their dealings and behaviors were not even able to the opponents to enter or direct them to them, and in other words, the study focuses in its essence on the truth of the authentic and pure Islamic approach that the pure imams represented (them) Peace) in their dealings and care for the slaves until great results were achieved by the presence of distinguished and illustrious personalities in the history of Islam and the Islamic nation, including Salman Al-Muhammadi, Rashid Al-Hajri, Hisham bin Al-Hakam, Ali bin Yaqtin and others

Abstract
The importance of the research entitled (The Cold War in Central America) lies in the clear effects of this war on the course of political events that Central America witnessed in an important period of time that witnessed intense conflict and competition between the two ideologies, capitalism and communism, because that region was considered an American sphere of influence primarily for geographical considerations, as well as On the political and economic influence of the United States, but the events that Central America witnessed, represented by the revolutions and coups that took place at the forefront of the Cuban revolution, were a catalyst for parties, movements, and personalities, especially those that adopted Marxist thought. By providing various aids to it and thus concluding bilateral and collective military agreements and alliances, especially the Rio Pact to which all Central American countries joined, but the Soviet Union used the same method to create a balance of power that continued until the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of the eighties of the last century

Abstract
A study in (the employment of digital media in the experience of a postmodern artist) (analytical study) that included three chapters, the first methodological chapter: it included the research problem and highlighted its importance Shedding light on the rapid transformations that art in general and artistic formation undergoes, especially for postmodernism, through the era of contemporary technology, which in turn led to opening wide and new horizons for those contemporary artistic trends and methods in modern artistic production based on digital media that directly affected them , In particular, it led to the generation of many arts of the era of digital communication and its direct and rapid connection with the world. Which affected positively in meeting the world's social, cultural and economic requirements... through the creation of a new discourse language with the world separated from the laws of physical and spatio-temporal sensors. This is what made artistic trends and methods turn towards it, to elevate with the help of many techniques and mechanisms of digital communication and presentation, integrated with the elements of its artistic formations, and to transform these artistic experiences into products bearing the intellectual and performance aspect that are open to open interpretations and reconciled with the surrounding world.By breaking down barriers between public art formations. The various arts meet each other in art and life. And we came out with questions about the problem: What is the role of these digital media, technically and functionally, in the experience of the post-modern artist? What is its impact on postmodern art? What is the extent of its achievement or achievement in the products of the modernist artist? And what are the techniques and mechanisms of its manifestation that the artist has adopted in achieving his digital artistic output? ? This directs the importance of research in its subject, as it witnesses a broad and non-specific opening, with the modernist artist in an innovative artistic creation and a new era that is unfamiliar or not repeated in its previous artistic data and its development into a modern and contemporary. Diverse fields keep pace with the era of modern digital technology. As a new and updated dialogue language with virtual worlds parallel to our concrete world, it is conceptual and brief, and includes in its artistic elements its interactive and provocative intellectual and artistic inspiration so that the recipient interacts with it This facilitates the artist's acquisitions in order to show the idea and meaning without resorting to the simple concepts and assumptions adopted by traditional software. Thus, the artist realizes his artistic requirements and aspirations within his community through his production of digital arts. He pointed out the importance of the impact of this modern development (the age of the machine), in transforming the mechanisms and tools of communication and communication through these digital media, which leads to the polarization of many traditional arts and their integrated artistic, scientific and functional interaction with them. In order to create modern modern artistic productions that meet the requirements of the contemporary world. Through the objectives of the research, which included: To identify the role of digital media in the experience of the postmodern artist. We defined the research with its spatial, temporal and objective limits: it is represented in the use of digital media in the experience of the postmodern artist. Spatial: Europe and temporality: the postmodern period. In order to define the terms, which included idiomatic definitions of digital media, and we came up with a procedural definition of the term: it is the process of using and activating all that is included in digital media (computer, screen, video, camera, cinema and television, sound and image..etc) and its integration with the artistic formation in general. After processing it in line with the theme of the technical experience. The second chapter (theoretical framework) represented in the first topic: an introduction to digital media and its impact on art and the artist, standing on its artistic output and what constitutes the diversity of digital media as a basic element that stands in its plurality, on the diversity of the world’s functional and cognitive needs in general and artistic in particular, and how to be able to deal with Those media.., in order to serve their topics that need quick solutions, develop and protect them in the future by recording information and completing its storage in safe places through these electronic devices for all fields in general and art in particular. And their important role in the field of post-modern art formation, as they are artistic techniques that keep pace with reality and meet the needs of society. By meeting the requirements of the age with innovations and artistic creation of artistic and creative productions through innovation, research and continuous experimentationThe second topic: The role of digital media in postmodern artistic trends and methods, we shed light on its influential role in changing art, identifying new, more extensive and difficult outputs, and influencing societies by transforming their culture into a rapidly changingcommodity or circulation. Consumption, give preference to taste. Technical and traditional concepts. Which reveals to us the contemporary artist's quest to invent new innovative ways by sticking to the exploitation of everything that is natural or consumer, and stressing his consumerism of everything in existence. In turn, art is reflected in becoming a global movement that masters and enjoys the aesthetics of visual presentation. In particular, her transformation into an increasingly cultural trait by displaying images, sounds, and words is proportional to her interest in physical objects. Standing on the culture of the era of communication And the emergence of arts with modern digital technologies associated with new names related to the computer and the Internet.. as the art of digital and multimedia, and using media, taking virtual reality into a real reality through which it can communicate and meet. Digital and multimedia played a major role in bringing about formal transformations in the image at the expense of the content, especially the diversity of the image through its transformations from the sensual to the absurd, which works on spatio-temporal documentation and addressing the verb By reshaping reality according to its formal outputs and in a new way by technically and synthetically manipulating it. Coming to the third chapter: Results and conclusions: We mention some of them: The results included 1. The transformation of art into a technical act that is open to the possible and the unexpected, through its association with digital technology and its multimedia, which was reflected in its impact on the artist's production, techniques and the mechanism of their manifestation (such as painting), In its formal composition and content, the mechanism of its presence has turned into a new area such as (electronic art board) equipped with a computer machine, and another speech language with the recipient to be his subject, which in turn opened wide horizons for the recipient to realize it and change the pattern of his production of it. Technical according to its activation media and its integration with Lumiarte technology - light art, based on light expression in harmony with the fundamentals of artistic achievement, in terms of form, color and movement in a dark space in order to achieve the missing third and fourth dimensions on the surface of flat screens. By transforming its flat shapes into three-dimensionality through optical illusions realized with light, color and movement.). As for the conclusions, we mention some of them ; 1. Technical pluralism and the mechanisms of its digital manifestation have enriched the creative process in creation and contemporary artistic innovations, especially the techniques of automated information processing, which in turn enhance the creation of hybridity in achievement, which opens up to limitless possibilities. This is what makes it the language of the age by dealing with these systems digital multimedia unit to convert it into digital art 2. The artist seeks to find new and expressive structures for the world through his artistic experience, and to represent the non-idea by composition, perception and chance towards symbolism in expression. Through a shift in the construction of his technical system. Which constituted an important role in creating a new vision for the artist that differs from his previous vision, towards the world or the surrounding environment, through its association with the most important developments or explorations in the fields of multiple sciences, modern digital technology and the multiplicity of other cultures. Suggestions: (Using digital media in the experience of the contemporary Iraqi artist). Recommendations: Introducing curricula that highlight the importance and role of digital media in the plastic arts.) With a list of approved sources in writing the research .

Abstract
The aim of the research is to study the consumption of electrical energy and the effect changing the four seasons in increasing or decreasing the amount of energy consumption and quantity in the province of Bagdad to find out the extent of its impact on the amount of electrical energy consumption in the Bagdad region.Climate is on of the most prominent natural factors that play a role in finding a variation in the variation in electricity , electricity , and electricity energy in the study area Heat radiation ,diagram, drawing ,production ,drawing , production , drawing, production, production, drawing It has a direct and tangible effect on the human being in the study area, as the temperature rises above the optimum limits (15-25) c°.The demand foe electrical energy increases, so people use mechanical cooling and heating methods that increase electrical energy consumption The research found that there is a close relationship between the change in temperature and the change of the four climatic seasons in the increase and decrease in the amount of electrical energy consumption and the amount saved

Abstract
The research aims to study the phenomenon with its geographical and sectorial dimensions and to analyze the production and consumption of gas and waste quantities. To achieve the objectives, the research was divided into an introduction that explains the theoretical framework of the research, and three axes. The first: dealing with the spatial structure of the gas industry in Iraq, the second: the gas reserves in Iraq, production and consumption, and the third: the future prospects for the development of the gas industry in IraqIt was found through the research that there is a clear discrepancy in the production of gas at the level of Iraq. The underdevelopment of the gas sector led to the burning of large quantities and a waste of natural wealth. Iraq's hydrocarbon wealth and geographical location; It provides him with great current and future opportunities to meet local and global demand. On the other hand, the environmental impacts resulting from burning gas in Iraq are great and negatively affect the health and economic aspectsThe relevant authorities should expedite the completion and development of gas collection, processing and transportation projects, stopping the burning of associated gas, and meeting the local demand for gas, in a way that contributes to reducing the waste of natural wealth and saving money. The necessary solutions and treatments must also be developed to reduce the negative environmental impacts resulting from the gas industry and to protect the environment and human beings Natural gas Associated gas Gas fields Gas productionGas consumption
Environmental impacts

Abstract
the research seeks to show the impact of oil revenues and current spending on the volume of government investment spending based on the premise that government investment spending allocations are significantly affected by fluctuations in oil revenues, as well as the impact of current spending on investment spending allocations because investment spending is very flexible and has a greater and faster response to changes in government spending capacity than current spending, which is rising at a rapid pace as oil revenues increase and are difficult to reduce. With lower public revenues, the time (1980-2020) was adopted as a period during which political and economic events and transformations took place and oil prices experienced numerous fluctuations. For this purpose, the model was measured and estimated within the framework of the Johansen Methodology for Joint Integration using Eviews 12, which demonstrated a common integration relationship between research variables during the long and short period of time research, and the research through its analytical and standard effects indicated the causal relationship between oil revenues and current and investment spending, to complete the research with a set of conclusions and recommendations that would serve the research and confirm its hypothesis. Keywords: investment Expenditures, current Expenditures, oil revenues, Cointrgration,vector Error correction

Conclusion:
The research sheds light on the statement of the role of the Islamic economy in addressing the problem of poverty and the resulting problems, whether on the economic, social or security level, as the approach of the Islamic religion aims to achieve the level of sufficiency and justice in the distribution of wealth among the members of the Islamic community.The hypothesis of this research is based on the existence of an existing relationship between poverty and the problems that societies suffer from in general. In addition to the existence of effective solutions through the application of the provisions of Islamic law, especially the Islamic economic system to alleviate these problems and combat the scourge of poverty,
This research aims to highlight the policies and procedures adopted by Islamic law in general and the Islamic economy in particular to treat the phenomenon of poverty.The most important results of this research were the need to highlight the role of social solidarity in eradicating poverty through achieving justice in the distribution of wealth, especially Zakat, in addition to supporting charitable endowments to be an important tributary of the permanent financial tributaries of the state in the public sector to eradicate poverty.The most important recommendations lie in directing more support to profit-making institutions that benefit individuals and society, and portraying them with modern scientific means.

ABSTRACT
The current research aims to identify the strategic vigilance and its role in sustainable innovation in the General Company for Leather Industries. Through the application to the General Company for Leather Industries, as the problem of the research emerges that achieving the most important goal of any General Company for Leather Industries related to achieving survival and continuity depends to a large extent on finding practical scientific solutions that enable it to accurately understand the relationship of influence and influences that it collects in its external environment, as it depends on Finding a successful and effective mechanism that allows it, on the one hand, to continuously monitor the elements of this environment.
The researcher reached a set of the following conclusions and recommendations:
1. Striving to build productive capacities that believe in the importance of sustainable innovation as modern administrative concepts.
2. The need for companies and organizations to pay attention to the behavior of strategic vigilance and its role in sustainable innovation.
3. The strategic vigilance and its role in sustainable innovation, this can be explained by not giving great attention to embodying prominent values and beliefs within the institution, as well as this could be due to the great delay that Iraq knows in the field of managing organizations on the basis and modern management theories in line with the requirements of the times .
4. The impact of strategic vigilance on sustainable innovation is self-evident, considering that it is necessary for the employee to perform well and to ensure the quality of learning, given that strategic vigilance provides ways to ensure and facilitate the process of performing jobs to the fullest, as well as making the employee creative in his work.Keywords: strategic vigilance, sustainable innovation.

Summary
Planning for development is the effective tool in achieving the main and secondary goals to be achieved from the legislation of the general budget law in line with the new economic developments of the state, as well as achieving a balance between those goals and the available financial capabilities, through serious and effective work on developing the government performance of the concerned authorities in predicting problems. that may face the achievement of the desired goals, especially the Ministry of Planning. The planning process is a theoretical mental process whose obligations, conditions, means of implementation and effects are planned within the provisions of the General Budget Law and within its available financial limits, and in accordance with the financial, economic, social and political plans targeted by its authors. After that, these mental plans are translated into numbers, and the numbers into applied financial operations whose effects are evident during the implementation phase of the general budget law. It is also a process of organization in the general budget whose focus is the management of the general budget operations, by structuring or restructuring the state’s expenditures and revenues, using multiple packages of legal rules, executive procedures and administrative systems emanating from them, as well as control, accountability and auditing, addressing financial imbalances, and promoting allocation The strategic financial resources, and raising the efficiency and effectiveness of public spending, by resorting to the process of differentiation between available alternatives or programs, with the aim of achieving the highest possible level of benefits and using a reasonable amount of resources.

Abstract
The study of the conventions of university degrees based on models from Arabic translations into Persian and vice versaThe translation of university degrees from Arabic into Persian and vice versa is one of the most important specialized translations because it contains special terminology for academic units in the departments of different faculties, which requires accuracy in choosing the correct linguistic equivalent through the use of specialized scientific and humanistic dictionaries.The significant improvement in Iraqi-Iranian relations in our time has led to the expansion of the horizons of scientific cooperation between the two countries, so university students were sent from one to the other to obtain a study seat in the universities of both countries, which led to the emergence of a great need to study the translation of university documents from Arabic into Persian language and vice versa to facilitate its equivalency in the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.It is possible to benefit from this research, at the university and professional educational level, in the field of official translation, as it is useful for all translators who work in the translation labor market. Real samples of university certificates for both languages were brought, and the terms were included in a table that included the term and its translation.Key words: terms of university degrees, Arabic translation, Persian translation, academic units.

Abstract
This study entitled “The Role of Basic School Teachers’ Pragmatic Competence in Teaching English Language”. The study aims to emphasize the importance of pragmatic competence in the English language environment. The study attempts to tackle various issues which face the process of teaching English language such as: Less attention is paid on speaking in the classroom, lack of professional and pedagogic competence of English teachers. The study hypothesizes that pragmatic competence is one of the neglected aspects in English language teaching in public basic schools. The teachers focus on linguistic knowledge rather than socio-pragmatic knowledge which could potentially reduce students’ proficiency in social interactions. Mixed methods have been employed for this study and the data have been collected through questionnaire and observation. The sample population of this study is basic school teachers in Sulaimani city in both Directorates of Education East and West through which they have been chosen randomly. The study consists of five chapters: Chapter one is an introduction which includes: The statement of the problem, the objective of the study, the research questions, the hypotheses, the procedures, the scope of the study, and the significance of the study. Chapter two is about the theoretical background and previous studies. Chapter three involves the methods of data collection used in the study, the sample and the participants, the data collection tools; questionnaire and classroom observation. Chapter four is an analysis and discussion of the data obtained from the questionnaire and classroom observation. Chapter five includes the findings of the research, recommendation and suggestion for further study. The findings of the study illuminate that teachers in our public basic schools are weak in pragmatic knowledge. They often transfer their first language pragmatic knowledge into the English language pragmatic knowledge.
Keywords: pragmatic competence, learning, teaching English language, pragmatic knowledge, basic school teacher

Abstract
Beckett's theatre, in particular, is deeply intellectual and the rationality of the absurd becomes clearer if it is compared to its Latin origin (absurdus) which means something that is dissonant, inconsistent, incompatible or harmonious. Thus, that thing becomes unreasonable and absurd. Specifically, what is unreasonable is the position of humans in the universe in which they are as a very small part of atoms. However, the absurd thing is the incompatible relationships, and therefore the inharmonious or dissonant and inconsistent thing is a person's situation with himself full of contradictions, which are difficult to get rid of without knowledge. Beckett theatre is neither absurd nor unreasonable in the common sense of the two words, but rather it is a subjective and objective depiction of the absurdity of life and the unreasonableness of the universe. Thus, Words and Music (1962) could be seen as a reflection of Beckett's struggle with writing, which ends with his acknowledgment that music wins because of an inability to express through words alone Keywords: Music, Rationality, Meaning, Irrationality, Words

Abstract
The subject of the contrastive approach to identifying the national and cultural identity of phraseological units is the method of comparing phraseological analogues of different languages in order to identify their national color, national and cultural characteristics. Comparison of interlingual phraseological equivalents in this case occurs in order to identify not so much what they have in common, as in classical comparative studies, but what differences they have, which constitute the national and cultural originality of the phraseological equivalents of the compared languages.Key words: phraseology, identity, Russian language, linguistic consciousness.
Ключевые слова: фразеология, идентичность, русский язык, языковое сознание.