Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies

Al-Tabrizi's poetic treatments have a prominent place in our Arabic literature, in addition to their importance in various sciences - explanatory, linguistic, grammatical, morphological, prosodic, semantic, and historical, and they contain many critical opinions, especially the linguistic aspect. Al-Tabrizi expressed his linguistic critical opinions within those explanations of many of the poems and focused and followed them. Based on this point of view, I tried in this research to consider the integrative approach that characterized Al-Tabrizi in his poetic explanations, using the descriptive analytical approach, and in line with this standpoint. This study dealt with the most important aspects of Arabic poetry and its keenness on the soundness of pronunciation and composition, in line with its integrated approach in its poetic explanations

Abstract
Learning English, as with learning any new language, is a challenge. It is not an easy task for most language seekers, if not all. Learning English language can; however, be less challenging if sources to many of the errors and mistakes made in the new language were to be studied, and explained. This can be achieved in what is known as “Error Analysis”. Learners, whose mother-tongue is Arabic, face features and structures in both the Arabic language and English language that are either the same or different.
Error Analysis studies the sources of common mistakes and errors made in the learners’ second language learning attempt. Usually referring back to the native language of the learner and how this reference effects and influences the second language learning process. This is so because similarities and differences among the two languages appear when the learner of a new language refers back to her/his first language in order to solve and overcome difficulties and problems that arise in her/his new language learning attempt. A such, the learner’s successfulness or unsuccessfulness in the target language as s/he rely on their first language id dependent on the degree of similarity and difference. All which is known in contrastive studies and error analysis as positive and negative transfer.
The research study, herein, backs these outcomes and such results are within the interest of this study. Arabic mother-tongue learners of English encounter difficulties in their English as an L2 learning ability. This is because the Arabic language have many formation rules that function both similarly to English, on the one hand, and differently, on the other hand. This is found to cause noticeable mistakes and errors on the part of the language learner. This paper has the aim of illustrating outcomes and studies, which are in fact limited, concerned with Arabic native speakers and the influence of their mother-tongue in their second/ foreign language learning. By presenting, citing and listing how the differences between both Arabic and English languages, regarding grammatical rule formation effect learners of English and influence them to produce repeatable mistakes and errors in their English learning attempt.
This paper points to the fact that Error Analysis predicts findings, regarding upfront English language learning errors, mistakes and learning problems. For instance, Error Analyzing of English language grammatical items, such as determiners, prepositions, relative clauses, and articles would likely influence learners of English, with an Arabic native language, to make fewer errors in their English language learning effort. These mistakes or errors are involuntarily made by L1 Arabic learners of English due to the differences between the both the Arabic language system and the English one. It is, for certain due to the two languages being different in some cases, even though similar at other. However, being aware of error analysis findings and outcomes of likely errors can help English language learners overcome them much more efficiently and effectively. This, in turn. Would, in fact lead and result in improving learning abilities and thus more determination on behalf of the student.

Abstract
Prosody, which is considered one of the most important characteristics of Turkish literature, especially diwan literature, has effectively contributed to the formation of a rich rhythmic system for the Turkish language. It is natural for contradictions and differences that disturb meter and rhythm to arise due to a number of linguistic issues and characteristics while composing poetry according to the meter of prosody. Resolving these contradictions leads to harmony in meter and meaning, and thus to poetry conforming to the meter according to which it was composed. These contradictions in prosodic weight cannot be resolved except by using one of the prosodic operations such as (wasl, tilt, zhaf, etc.). We can say that there is no previous study of this topic in Turkmen literature in Iraq. Therefore, the focus of this study’s research will be to shed light on the application of prosodic processes in the poetry of a number of Kirkuk poets in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, namely (Nawras, Badri, and Orfi).

ABSTRACT
Folk tales have a special place in Turkish folk literature. Both its rich repertoire and complex structure of this genre, which is one of the narrative genres in terms of variety and subject variety, is an important research area. The folk tale has a mixed verse-prose structure in terms of form. On the other hand, there is a feature that reflects the development of genre and form from mythology to realist stories. As the bearer of the epic tradition, the texts in the Dede Korkut Stories and Köroğlu branches have an epic feature. Also, fairy tales, legends, anecdotes, etc. It also includes most of the prose genres. In the same way, almost all forms and types of folk poems can be found in folk tales. Thus, folk tales develop on a core event. It becomes anonymized by enriching and changing by word of mouth. The original creator is lost. As it is known, folk creations developed in a myth (mythic), epic (epic), and epic-romanesque line. Folk tales were formed in the epic-romanesque period of this development. A Comparison of Arzu with Kamber Story in Anatolian and Kerkuk Variants has been the main subject of our study. The Story of Arzu with Kamber is an interesting story among folk tales due to its special status. Most of the publications on this story until now have been predominantly text publications. This story lives in the oral tradition of Turkmens in the geography of Iraq, especially in Kerkuk, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Anatolia. Thus, this oral expression is compared between the Anatolian field and the tradition of expression in the

(Research Summary)
This is aresearch in the art of readings (a novel) in which I dealt with (the phenomenon of choices in Quranic readings), in terms of: origin, characteristics, time extension, who represents it, and examples of it in Quranic readings.
It is a phenomenon that had a great impact on the Qur’anic readings, until the matter was straightened as it is today, and I saw its division as follows:

1. The stage of choices of the people of the environment (the research sample) who lived at the time of the prophetic mission, and extended until the collection of the Qur’an during the time of Caliph Othman bin Affan, and the people made it the last offering.
2. The stage of the readers’ choices (collective narrators), who came after the time of the Companions, may God be pleased with them, and their time extended until the time of Ibn Mujahid (d. 324 AH), who put an end to it in his book (The Seven in the Readings).
3. The stage of the choices of scholars (normative scholars), whose time extended for a period of (five hundred years) since the era of Ibn Mujahid, and passed through dozens of books of scholars with experience and knowledge in the art of readings, and the matter culminated at the hands of Ibn Al-Jazari (833 AH), the conclusion of the investigators in the art of readings.

Abstract
History poems are one of the important types in ancient Turkish literature. The rise of the Othman sultans to the throne and their deaths, the ceremonies of circumcision of princes, marriage, births, conquests, wars, victories, peace, growing beards, fires, earthquakes, building and restoring architectural monuments, and the dates of important events of interest to the society were written in alphabetical order for letters. These dates were calculated according to the Arabic alphabetical system, as each letter corresponds to a number, and in light of this, the date of the event is known according to the Hijri calendar.

The Turkmans, and who have been living in Iraq for nearly 1,000 years, have products of handicrafts, ancient buildings, and historical constructions. In addition they had works in the literary field. The ghazal, the poem, the takhmees, the elegy, the mathnawi, the stanza, the historical system, and similar forms and types of ancient Turkish literature and its use by the Turkman poets, especially in the areas where Turkman live, such as Kirkuk, Erbil, and Talaafar.

In our article, we will discuss the literary aspect of the history poems of the poet Muhammed Sadiq, which were not sufficiently studied in the foregoing. Whereas, Muhammed Sadiq is one of the poles of diwan poets in the twentieth century in the Iraqi area. We will analyze the history poems of our poet, which he organized towards the Turkman martyrs in Kirkuk massacre that took place on July 14, 1959.

Researc Summary :
The novel The Maps of Oblivion is framed by the words of the magician, as it begins with him and ends with him, in a narrative structure that reminds us of the Thousand and One Nights, as it is framed by the story of Shahryar and Scheherazade, while the overall narration and secondary stories are from Scheherazade, with the difference that The Thousand and One Nights do not gather an organic unit on which they are united. The narration threads merge into one strand, except for what they mean by postponing the death of Scheherazade as long as she continues the narration process, while our narration is being monitored in which the stories and events combine in a dramatic way that makes it one long story, which recalls everything related to the main incident related to historical and contemporary incidents and facts, and overlaps In it, the political, social and cultural events in a diachronic successive process are confirmed by the deteriorating Arab reality, which is monitored by the novel, which is repeated and successive in losses, defeats and crises, in a way that the contemporary life of different nations and peoples did not witness, and a process witnessed by the structural state of the novel, which means the transition of something from One state to another, or from one time to another, which means movement, change, and transformation, and it is the opposite of steadfastness and stagnation, and this is what our reading of the novel Maps of Oblivion results in.

Abstract
Our choice for the subject entitled (the Symbol) subject of our tagged research (The Poetry of the Symbol in the Diwan of Hawajes on a Private Mirror by Abdel Wahab Ismail) is that the symbol has its own poetic form that stems from its composition characterized by brevity, condensation, and suggestion, which provides it with tremendous energy to serve the poetic idea or the poetic topic. It includes a range of often - to the astonishment of the recipient, contributing to the crystallization of a vision for the creator of the creative experience. This is one of the poetic requirements that stem from the same elements to advance the experience and reflects its effectiveness.
Our choice of the poet Abdel Wahab Ismail, as an Iraqi Mosul poet is that his poetry is characterized by its poetic language, and its elaborate poetic images that express the reality of his era and its various emotions.
The research adopted the integrative bmethod because it is the most appropriate one in approaching and analyzing the poetic texts to come across their symbols and structural elements, while taking into account the contexts surrounding them, such as the national, social and religious context, which were referring to their connotations.
The research plan is based on three topics, preceded by an introduction, and followed by a conclusion that included the findings of the research from the results, and mentioning its sources and references.
The introduction tackles the statement of the symbol as a linguistic, idiomatic and literary concept. As for the first section , it dealt with (the poetics of natural symbols) in the study. It expounds the most important elements formed in his poetry, whether they are symbols of static or dynamic nature. While the second section concerned the study of (the poeticality of political symbols), whether it was patriotic or nationalistic. Finally, the last section has been devoted to the study of (the poetry of Islamic religious symbols), whether its origins go back to the Glorious Qur’an or the noble Prophet’s hadith.

Abstract
The research took the lead in revealing the mechanisms of poetic discourse, its implicit patterns, and the textual significance in it, according to a conscious, collaborative (semiotic-cultural) vision of the poetry of the less-regarded poet: Awif Al-Qawafi, through signs of personal and social response, and this study was implicitly referred to by our esteemed professor, Dr. Nouri Hamoudi Al-Qaisi in his collection and investigation of Umayyad poetry, and the evidence for this is the objects of praise through a system of noble values that the poet adopted in his embodiment of the praised person, and he embraced them and thrust him into a real circle not empty of meanings, in a direct and showy way, which together formed his advanced poetic image. And the resulting end result Expressing the intensity of the influence and pride that stems from his self- and social awareness and that the poet believes in, since this tendency is an impulsive tendency that seeks to create ideal practical results achieved by the presence of the unique praiseworthy person and granting him the due emotional status according to the recognized poetic paths applicable in the context of the context of the poetic text. Immersed in emotion and intense semantic signals.

ABSTRACT
It deals semantic of the structural shifts that derived a single root in Surat Al-Isra. The present study focusses on monitoring the significance of this difference in structures in the places that were extrapolated in the blessed Surah. This shift and shift away from analogy were due to an intended meaning that was achieved through this shift.
The shifts in the different structures in the context in which it appeared in Surat Al-Isra have achieved richness in meaning and richness in connotation. It was also shown that the flow of morphological structures is a disciplined process defined in accordance with the laws of the language at the level of structure formation in Arabic. The various connotations that were achieved in the buildings that seemed to have one meaning, turned out to have a different meaning and a different connotation. The difference in the building, even if it is from one root, inevitably leads to a difference in meaning
Similarly, the contrast in the meaning performance between the structure and the semantic context is achieved by the difference that is led to a specific meaning, and the significance of the contrast between the two different structures has emerged by determining the morphological significance of each of them separately.

Abstract
This research relates to Andalusian literature in the sixth century during the Almohad era, in which I talked about the spinning of poets, especially the Andalusian poet (Hafsa Al-Rakuniyya) and her love
for the poet-minister Abi Jaafar Al-Qaisi.

Keywords: (Hafsa al-Rukuni's love, Hafsa al-Rukuni's ghazal, Hafsa's poetry in the poetic minister, Hafsa al-Rukuni and her relationship with Abu Jaafar).

Abstract
The research deals with the doctrine of the Ba'ath in the Holy Quran by the mental proofs he used to establish this doctrine and to stabilize it in the souls, It included the definition of the key words in the title, then the adoption of the book dear to this doctrine and its handling of it, and then the most important evidence in it, which is based on mental evidence, This study found that there is an abundance of mental evidence to prove that the Day of Resurrection (Baath), which reflects the interest of the Holy Quran in it and the response to its deniers, and the promise of them, and then concluded the importance of attention to this section, which is to collect and clarify the evidence of the Holy Quran in the proof of Islamic beliefs, especially in our time when knowledge and the development of science spread, and with it increased suspicions about religious beliefs occult.

Abstract
The issue of internal conflicts in Sudan and the Addis Ababa Agreement is one of the important topics that must be researched because of its great importance to know the history and causes of the conflict between the north and south of Sudan, which was created by the British occupation since 1898 AD, as the British worked to create an entity in southern Sudan that differs in customs, traditions and culture from its north, which was inhabited by Muslim Arabs, and despite efforts to bring the north and south closer at the Juba conference, In which he declared the desire of the southern Sudanese to unite with the north in one Sudan, and accordingly the conference decided that the south should be represented in the Legislative Assembly. The city of Torit in southern Sudan, which was the first beginning of the emergence of the internal conflict between the north and the south, which opened the way (Israel) To intervene to support southern Sudan with arms and aid, and then increased incitement, killing and torture prevailed, and paved the way for the seeds of division and dispersion that have grown now after being sponsored by enemies and greedy people, which prompted the Sudanese government to enter into negotiations with the rebels in southern Sudan after the success of the Free Officers coup in 1969 AD led by Jaafar al-Numeiri. Which ended with the signing of the Addis Ababa Agreement in 1972, which ended the state of conflict with the rebelsk, After the signing of the Addis Ababa Agreement, the southern Sudanese region obtained autonomy for the region, which allows it to establish a government and administration and perform its work completely freely, with the exception of the powers of the central government, including defense, foreign affairs, criticism and this education.

Abstract
The ShewaSoor Basin, which is located northeast of Chamchamal district in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, is one of the important valleys in the region and is one of the feeders of the Lower Zab River, as it is characterized by large seasonal runoff in the winter and less in the summer. Enhanced by the use of modern technologies represented by remote sensing technology (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) technology. The importance of research lies in building a geographical database for the basin by analyzing and deriving its natural spatial characteristics, and estimating the basin’s natural potential for uses and development, and one of the most important goals it seeks to achieve The research is the use of quantitative equations and methods to find the hydrological and geomorphological properties of the basin .

The current research seeks to identify linguistic awareness and its relationship to cognitive achievement among students of Arabic language departments in the grammar subject. In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the study followed the descriptive correlational approach through a sample of students in the Arabic language departments in public universities who are receiving the grammar subject. The sample amounted to (150) According to a group of demographic variables, and in order to collect the necessary data and information, a questionnaire was designed to measure the level of linguistic (grammatical) awareness, in addition to constructing a cognitive achievement test in the grammar subject for students. The appropriate psychometric properties of the two research tools were verified, including validity and reliability. After ensuring these characteristics, the study was applied to the research sample, where the study reached the following results:
1. There is a good level of linguistic (grammatical) awareness among students of Arabic language departments in grammar
2. There is a good level of cognitive achievement among students of Arabic language departments in grammar
3. There is a statistically significant relationship between linguistic (grammatical) awareness and cognitive achievement among Arabic language department students in grammar.

Abstract
The goal of the current research is to know (the effect of the Web Quests strategy on the acquisition of historical concepts among fifth-grade literary students and the development of their scientific inquiry), and in order to verify the goal of the research, the researchers put four null hypotheses, and followed the experimental method, and the research sample consisted of ( 50) students were divided into two experimental groups of (25) students who studied using the Web Quests strategy and a control number (25) students who studied using the usual (traditional) method. Alami and verified its validity, stability and discriminatory power of the paragraphs, and the experiment lasted for eight weeks.
The data were treated using appropriate statistical methods, as the results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the historical concepts acquisition test for the benefit of the experimental group, and the presence of a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the post test of the Scientific Reconnaissance Scale in favor of the experimental group, and the existence of a difference in the mean differences between the test. Pre and post for the experimental group in the Scientific Reconnaissance Scale.

Abstract
The current research is to identify the relationship between personal temperament and academic achievement among middle school students, as well as to identify according to demographic variables according to the gender variable (males - females), and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the scale (Al-Kaabi, 2010), He extracted the virtual honesty and stability, and applied the research to a sample of (200) male and female students, and they were randomly selected from the students of the second intermediate grade and after collecting and analyzing data statistically, the following means were used: Pearson's correlation coefficient and the T test for one sample and the T test for two independent samples equal in number and the T test for the significance of the correlation coefficient, and the research reached the following results: The middle school students have a level of temperamental personality and the presence of statistically significant difference according to the gender variable (males - females) and was in favor of females, and the results of the research also found that middle school students have a level of academic achievement, and there is a statistically significant difference according to the gender variable (males - females) and it was in favor of females, There is no relationship between temperamental personality and academic achievement

This study aimed at evaluating the Arabic language book for the first preparatory grade from the teachers’ point of view. The results of the fraction and value The second result came in the second degree, and the result came in the second degree in the second degree. While the thirty to thirty-second paragraphs got an average evaluation, where the thirty-th place came in the lack of exercises and examples that help students to understand the rules, with an arithmetic average of (3.51). And came in the thirty-first rank, paragraphs that take into account the integration in the branches of the Arabic language, and an average of (3.41). And came in the thirty-second place, the paragraph of the number of pages of the book in its parts suitable for the duration of the course (3.31). In light of the results of the research.

Research Summary
The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the mind mapping strategy on the achievement of science subject among first-grade intermediate students.
The researcher used the experimental method and chose the experimental design of the two groups with the post-test. The research community consisted of first-grade middle school students in the middle schools affiliated to the General Directorate of Education in Salah al-Din / Al-Tuz Education Department (2019-2020) by 6 middle schools for girls, and the researcher chose them The sample of the study in the school to which it belongs, with a total of (68) female students from the first intermediate grade, and they were distributed equally on two groups, the first being experimental, which was studied according to the mental mapping strategy, and the other control group, which was studied according to the usual method. The researcher proceeded to implement the experiment, and after processing the data through the statistical package (SPSS) program using statistical methods (T-test for two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient, and alpha-Cronbach coefficient), the results of the research revealed the presence of statistically significant differences between The experimental and control groups in the achievement test in favor of the experimental group, and based on the results of the research, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, including:
-The effectiveness of the mind mapping strategy for first intermediate grade students. In light of the research results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, including
- Using the mind mapping strategy for middle and middle school students and including it in the curricula of teaching methods in the colleges of education in Iraqi Universities
The researcher suggested conducting a number of studies in the future, including conducting a study to reveal the effect of mental maps on the development of multiple intelligences for second-intermediate students in science

abstract
Nationalism is a political, social and economic system, characterized by taking into account the supreme interests of a particular nation within certain geographical boundaries, and a state is a group of people living in a particular country, who are protected from internal and external attacks through the core of governance and supreme authority. This research, entitled (National Thought and the Illusion of the State in the Kurdish Cognitive Equation), is an attempt to present the importance of nationalist thought and the illusion of the state in the poetry of some poets according to the stages of Kurdish poetry.
The first chapter consists of two sections: the first section deals with the concept of the state and its definition, and the second section deals with the concept of the nation and its definition. The second and final part deals practically with nationalism and the state in the poetry of poets. At the end, the results were determined in several points and the list of sources was arranged.

Research Summary
The title of our research is (Sufi duets in Saberi's Diwan), through this title we will present some Sufi duets in Saberi's Diwan, where some of the duets are from the case and the Sufi shrines. The absence of a scientific study on the dualities in Sabry's poetry is the main reason for writing this study. The aim of this study is to identify some of the dualities in the Kurdish poems of the poet. Where duets form masterpieces in the Kurdish poems of (Sabri). To write this research, we relied on the analytical descriptive approach and some stylistic approaches for dichotomous analysis.
The research consists of two main parts: the first part is devoted to the theoretical side, in which we emphasize the concept and definition of dualism, mysticism, status, and shrines, while the second part is devoted to theoretical and practical aspects and presents some Sufi dualities in Sabry's Diwan. The poems were explained in the light of rhetorical arts. At the end of the study, the most important results were presented in several points and a list of sources.

Abstract
The aim of this study is to find out the effect of using POSSE strategy in Trend Development of Seventh-Grade Basic Students in Kurdish Literature.
The researcher relied on the balanced design which includes two groups, the experimental group which they study through POSSE Strategy, and the control group which they study normally. The research population includes seventh-grade students of basic schools at the centre of Erbil in 2022-2023. The researcher chose Wanawsha Basic School, they selected two groups randomly, the students were distributed into two groups; Group A was the experimental group which they were 32 students, and group B was the control group which they were 32 students. The researcher found out the balance between both groups from the variables (student age in months, results of Kurdish-language subject in the first Semester, education level of students' parents, Orientation scale).
The research tool is Trend scale that the researcher relied on the scale (Hamad Saeed, 2014) which included 37 items and divided into (3) alternatives. The researcher verified research tool by giving to a number of experts and professionals, as well as the stability of a tool was achieved by retest in which the stability scale in Trend Development was (0.78). After implementing the tool and extracting the results using T.test, the researcher came to the following conclusions:
1. There is a significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average difference score on Orientation scale in post-test of the experimental group, which they study the Kurdish Literature by following POSSE Strategy, and the average score on Trend Development of the control group they study the subject normally in favor of experimental group.
2. There is a significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average score on Trend Development scale in pre- and post-test of the experimental group, which they study the subject by following POSSE Strategy in favor of post-test.
3. There is a significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average score on Trend Development scale in pre- and post-test of the control group, which they study the subject normally in favor of post-test.