Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies

The study of Islamic money is one of the modern and important studies that began in the eighteenth century AD. It has been preserved by international museums, and is now displayed in these museums like other antiquities, according to their historical sequence. Researchers of a country paid attention to it, because through it a lot of important information that was written wrongly in historical sources was revealed to us. Therefore; and we have plenty of evidence for that, and it was approved by archaeologists and researchers, because it is a document issued by the caliphate and does not accept error, just as money received special attention in the Islamic state, and Islamic law took care of it in the for worship and transactions, and Because money is connected to zakat, dowries, contracts, religions, etc., and through it we can learn about the political system of the state. As well as through the cities of minting money, we can know the geographical borders of each country and the provinces that separated from it. This dinar preserved in the Iraqi Museum is one of the rare dinars in the fifth century AH, which was minted for an important media reason, dating back to the Seljuk era, to announce the political treaty that took place between the Seljuk Sultan Tughralbek and the Emir of the city of Isfahan, Faramarz, in the year (439 AH). This prince followed the rule of the Seljuks and to The Abbasid caliphate during the reign of the caliph, Al-Qaim bi-Amr Allah, through the texts of the dinar inscribed on it. We have studied the dinar scientifically in terms of texts and their analysis and the technical aspects of the dinar, i.e. weight, diameter, etc., and we have reached important positive results, which is the purpose of studying Islamic money and the resulting information that may not have been mentioned in historical sources.

Since the civil war in Yemen began in 2015, the war has led to historical destruction, thousands of lives have died, and various heritage sites have been damaged, which has led to the destruction of the infrastructure of various cities and towns. Cultural costs are on the rise in a country with potentially the best traditional urban fabric and vernacular architecture in the Middle East. The thereat to culture of Yemen’s heritage, which have largely remained unchanged for more than 500 years are severe and there are multiple causes: pressure from development, inadequate enforcement procedures as in many cities of Yemen. Yemen has got very rich and diverse culture built heritage sites of universal significance, UNESCO has designated the old cities of Sana’a, Zabid, and Shibam as world heritage sites. The unique qualities of Yemeni historic cities have extraordinary homogeneous, planning and architectural style and has very rich and diverse traditional built and cultural heritage sites, and many of its major cultural assets are of universal significance. World heritage property is a fragile, non-renewable, and irreplaceable resource, therefore should not be destroy. Cultural heritage in an area that is judged and recognized as one of the world heritage, has a particular historic value and should be protected and preserved, such properties consist of art and architecture works, manuscript books, and other properties of artistic, historical, or archaeological interest, including ethnological documents. Vandalism problems also arise from public behaviors and their attitude to cultural property. The respect for culturally built heritage has gradually been lost over the last years, due to the economic problems of the average citizen. The destroyed buildings and structures that have been studies as options for inclusion in the proposed program are present in the paper research. To achieve the objectives of this study; a detailed analysis of the cultural heritage and its critical situation with particular reference to the reasons behind them, in the last decades during the war, will be made.

Contemporary French orientalist Dominique Urvoy (1943) - Professor of Arab Thought and Islamic Philosophy at the French University of Toulouse - attempts to present a biography of Ibn Rushd (520-595 AH/1126-1198 AD) that began from his birth in the time of the Almoravid state (440-539 AH/1040-1148 AD) And his family’s relationship with them up to his youth, which began with the beginnings of the Almohad call and the establishment of the Almohad state (541AH/1121AD-668AH/1269AD). The philosopher and his scientific output, in addition to the societal and religious conditions that affected that personality that was subjected to the catastrophe, which Orpheus tried to put on the research table because it did not get the right to study and detail.The research was divided into three sections about me. The first topic is the biography of Ibn Rushd between two eras, i.e. between the Almoravid state in which his father and grandfather served, and then the Almohad state in which Ibn Rushd held the position of judiciary and participated in the entire political and cultural life until he was exposed to the ordeal, considering the personality of Ibn Rushd a legendary figure that was not taken Her right to research, while the attention of the second topic was about the product of Ibn Rushd, which is related to the Almohad state Urvoy believes that this authority, as an official intellectual, placed in his hands a large and rich amount of documents, and therefore his product came in comparison to other thinkers at the time, as he was known for the multiplicity and diversity of authorship between religion, philosophy, medicine and other natural sciences. The catastrophe that Ibn Rushd was exposed to - that fact that researchers differed in interpretation - by the Caliph Al-Mansour Al-Muwahidi (580-595 AH / 1184-1198 AD), who was angry and for various reasons.

“You may never know what results come of your actions, but if you do nothing, there will be no results.” ― Mahatma GandhiThe rise of opposition between the authoritarian regime and the non-authoritarian public is a page in history of worldwide communities. Protesting against governmental laws, actions, and regulations, the anti-party, whether the activists, the protesters or the organizers make use of different tools to communicate with their regimes. The verbal and the non-verbal tools are canonical in the street protests and/or online political dissents having different shapes. In our pandemic age of increasing inequality, this article speaks of humour as a powerful tool in environmental protests. In their banners, cartoons, posters, caricatures, pictures, and memes, the environmental dissenters spell out the way the regimes are crushing not only the human rights, but also the biodiversity rights of sharing with us the earth creatures and substances, including animals, plants, water, and soil. Some illustrative examples of verbal humour, non-verbal humour and mixed humour are given where necessary. Our descriptive article is basically built on the claim that a joke in environmental protests should not be conceptualized as fun and joy or a punch line of a story anymore; rather, it is the profound role of humour functioning as satire, irony, pun, and sarcasm speaking to a variety of environmental issues of the day. Global warming, animal extinction, pollution, and desertification are good representatives in non–violent actions and movements to save Mother Nature.

White women are more likely to mistreat black women. This concept is demonstrated by observing a real-life black lady who lives under the whites' cruel regime. To illustrate, the emphasis of attention throughout this research will be on how white people dehumanize and mistreat black people while observing their living circumstances in Kathryn Stockett's novel The Help. The history of black people is defined by their persistent pursuit of equal rights with all other ethnic groups. Thus, the data studied in this research pertains to The Help by Kathryn Stockett, as it presents several examples of how black people are emotionally tortured and excluded from white society. The Help tells the story of two black maids who devote their lives to serving their white masters. Both Aibileen and Minny represent the suffering of African-Americans who are discriminated against and regarded as lesser human beings. This paper also shows the general problem of being black living in a white society and being obliged to obey the rules of the whites. The obstacles that black people face are presented in Kathryn Stockett's novel through analysing the relationship between the two groups. Moreover, this essay shows the courage of black women trying to cross the lines and talk about their painful life experiences. The wake-up call that Stockett’s novel provided opened the path for all black people to demand their rights equally with white folks. The segregated life of the black people makes them fight as the two main black characters in the novel who raise their voices against white supremacy.

The Cairo Geniza documents are one of the sources of the history of the Islamic world, especially the economic one. There are many documents that confirm and refer to the activity of economic life and the role of the Jews in Egypt and neighboring countries during the Ayyubid era (569-648 AH / 1173-1250 AD; Therefore, the meaning of the Geniza or Geniza was clarified and its concept, linguistically and idiomatically, then clarified and clarified the role of the Sultan “Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi” and the sultans after him in activating and encouraging the Ayyubid industry and civil and military industrial products and commodities. And Islamic countries are non-Islamic countries, and what was exported to countries, what was imported, their weights, colors, quantities and prices, and who was the sender and the addressee, all of this was found preserved in lists, records and documents of the funeral, and it was concluded that the Ayyubid economy in general and industry in particular was in the most beautiful form of security and all requirements Successful industry Despite the political instability thanks to the firmness, strength and rationality of the Ayyubid authority at the time on the industrial level, the Ayyubid era was characterized by industrial prosperity and the diversity of industries and crafts. 'amaa khutat albahth fatadamanat thalathat mahawira: khusas almihwar al'awal limafhum aljanizat lughat almihwar althaani aladhi tadaman awla - alsinaeat fi aleahd wainiwaeaha w thanyaan - alsunaae wafawayid alsunaae fi "wathayiq janizat alqahira" wamin thama khatimat albahth waqayimat alhawamish walmasadir walmarajie alearabiat walaijnabiati. aietamadat aldirasat ealaa wathayiq wathayiq alwathiqa "dhat alsilat bimawdue alsinaeat alaywbyti

Known as the followers of one of the oldest monotheistic religions, the Sabians-Mandaean minority constitutes an important part of Iraqi cultural and social identity. However, their number has been significantly declining due to wars, international sanctions, sectarianism, and marginalization. Thus, it is the aim of this study to have an understanding of the Mandaean community's perceptions of their future, heritage, and culture in Iraq and in the diaspora as well as to look at their representation in Iraq and the characteristics, qualities, and features attributed to them. The data were collected from 20 Mandaean respondents inside and outside of Iraq. To achieve the research aims, the Discourse Historical Approach to critical discourse analysis along with the access patterns to discourse was adopted in the analysis. The results shows that although the Mandaean participants reported they have been positively constructed by other non-Mandaean communities when it comes to their profession, peace, handcrafts, and goldsmith jobs, they are also negatively constructed when it comes to their religion and their belief as well as being accused of warcraft and sorcery. The results also shows that there are many negative stereotypical and evaluative characteristics assigned to the Mandaean. Besides, the lack of access to state sectors as education, media and politics has contributed to having them more negatively represented and isolated. Mandaean minority has little or no access or control over the discourse of schools and university discourse. There is a little or no mention on who the Mandaean are or what their religion and traditions are.

Since civilization arose on the land of Mesopotamia ,its light began to shine and extend beyond its borders natural, and has taken place on its land and different times and on its impact , and the civilization has flourished it has its origins in the traditions and methods that link the races despite the presence of natural differences and ethnicity, but the common denominator that characterized this civilization is the methods and artistic achievements distinguished , our research is summarized in the study of the mongoose, which played an important role in the lives of the inhabitants of Mesopotamia to the point of being associated with one of the gods and depicting him greatly on the seals of Mesopotamia, and the beginning of our research focused on the name of this animal in the Arabic and then received his name in Sumeria and Akkadian confirmation sources then a detailed explanation about this animal in terms of its kind ,gender ,locations, spread and finding his bones in the country of Mesopotamia , and deals with the research mention this animal in religious census texts Historical , Literary and economic, the mongoose appeared in the seals of the modern Sumerian era in scenes presentation of a worshiper by a minor deity to the goddess seated on the throne ,and the mongoose is shown in one pose stand on the back of the background near the gods , and the pictures in old Babylon era the main and secondary scenes as the scenes of the appearance before his or her king ,and in the sights for god or in scenes of a man presenting to the king , as well as in scenes of presenting an offering to god and scenes the conflict, and other scenes ,and all shows two status times standing on its background and common again , he is sitting , and the research of the great wearing between the representation of monkey and the sun in seals cylindrical, and many researchers believe that ferret is a monkey because of its small ,inconspicuous shape the research puts forward several points confirming that the ferret is an animal that appeared in Mesopotamia and played an important role it was widely required to appear on the seals of the modern Sumerian era and the ancient Babylonian era

The revolution of Ibrahim bin Abdullah has revolted against the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mansur, He was (also astring supporter uprising led by his Muhammad (The Elnefs Al zakiya) against Al- Mansur as well later on hom, Muhammad became ustrong opponent him But Ibrahim’s personality and revolution are among the revolutions that deserve appreciation and praise. The man was completely different from his brother Mohammed and father Abdullah Al Mahd From the companions of al-Sadiq (peace be upon him). A dead man was called Ba Khumra, which is the nickname mentioned by most of the sources in relation to the spot in which he was martyred, as well as to distinguish it from other students who bore the name Ibrahim.And got wide support from the public at all levels in all parts of the Islamic state It has received unprecedented support from scholars and modernists Choosing Basra was a good choice because Hijaz is poor in money and supporters It was this revolution victory in the first round, but the military and regulatory matters turned victory into defeat, One of the most important is the difference in timing between Ibrahim and Muhammad in the announcement of the revolution It was agreed that they would go out in one day, but Muhammad was ahead of the time, so he confused Ibrahim's calculations, and gave Mansour an opportunity to fight them both separately. ended up the battle to defeat the Revolution and the death of Ibrahim bin Abdullah, One of the main reasons for the defeat of the revolution was the march to Kufa and the failure to stay in Basra, And after the end of the battle, Al-Mansur’s revenge included the people of Basra, so he ordered the demolition of the role of those who went out with Ibrahim and cut down, Likewise, Al-Mansur continued to abuse the Alawites in order to support Ibrahim’s revolution, as Ibrahim’s personality was loved by the people, so many of them felt grief and sorrow for his death their palm trees and cut off his head and roaring its countries, and was buried on the battlefield, and still his grave is .visited by people from all over the world.

Mana arose and flourished in the ninth century BC and reached its peak at one time. In its beginnings, it was a group of mobile peoples until they settled around the south of Lake Urmia and made it their home. Mana gained historical importance due to its geographical location represented by its location on trade routes, as well as It was an important source of exporting raw materials and minerals, all of these factors made it the focus of the ambitions of the contemporary forces, including Assyria and Urartu, and it oscillated between these forces in a desire to preserve its political position, but this does not mean that it did not have a significant political role as it participated in wars against some Strengths and strengths Its refusal sometimes to submit under the rule of Assyria and Urtu made it enter into repeated conflicts with these two powers and eventually became officially affiliated with the Assyrian Empire in return for the payment of royalties and tribute. It also became supportive of Assyria in its wars against Urartu and other powers, including the Medes and Scythians. After them, it officially became under the rule of the Medes.

The Sufi movement did not organize itself until the beginning of the fourth century AH, but after this date, especially in Islam-friendly countries, it began organizing different methods, as the great Sufis followed special methods and teachings, and their followers gathered around them, so they lived in groups in khanqas and takiyas following those methods, and followers After them they establish branches in other lands, cities and countries. The Levant and Egypt included a share of that activity, and the formation over time (Akhawati) large or small, with its own sheikhs, independent schools, dress, rituals, hospices, and rivers, who do not receive knowledge except from the sheikhs of their way, and do not refer except to them for spiritual guidance. Their beliefs, arranged for a particular religious philosophy. And before this philosophy was concentrated in the monotheistic views of Muhyi al-Din ibn Arabi al-Andalusi (d. 638 AH), it fluctuated between several dangers. Scholars differed about the definition of Sufism, and it has many meanings taken from the substance (wool), and the name Sufism is the well-known name that includes all of their sects. Political factors contributed to the growth and emergence of Sufism during the Mamluk era and its development. It penetrated the circles of the people and the private alike, and its names multiplied and the state recognized it. Each Sufi order has its own rules, but they all agree to compete to attract followers and believers, and vows are given in different ceremonies, and followers and followers engage in those methods, with dancing, remembrance, and special dress for each method to be distinguished from the other. Examples of these Sufi orders are: the Qadiriyya, Rifa’iyya, Shadhiliyya, Badawiyyah, Dasuqiyya, Naqshbandiyyah, and Qalandariyya orders. They were places of Sufi presence, cultural centers, and a tool for spreading the intellectual movement. And with the entry of the common people into Sufism as sheikhs and disciples, and their formation of Sufi orders, there was an exaggeration in sorcery and claims of dignity, and in conferring the qualities of sanctification and deification on the Sufi sheikh as much as they neglected theoretical and philosophical mysticism

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the most honorable of creation, our master and sanctuary, Muhammad, the Messenger of God, and upon his good and pure family, and upon his chosen companions.When we study the biography of one of the pure imams and his social, religious, political and economic life, we find that they are closely interrelated with the biography of his pure fathers and grandfathers. It is the biography of an infallible Imam that reveals the behavior of a good example in all its manifestations. He, peace be upon him, was the caliph of his father, his successor, and the ruler of the imamate after him. It was narrated about him what was remained of the Companions, the others of the followers, the leaders of the Muslims and their jurists, that he became, the praise to his family, also he became a science with which proverbs are used and issued as monuments and poems.If we converged between the biography and the career of Imam Hussein bin Ali, peace be upon him, and the path and exile of Imam al-Rida, peace be upon him, from Al-Medina to Khurasan, he would be the same under the rule of the exiled and the excluded after he was persecuted by the Abbasid regime in the city of his grandfather, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, as the exile was political, religious and social to silence the voice of Imam al-Ridha, peace be upon him, and prevent his followers from reaching him that he bid farewell to all the people of his house and did not take any of them with him to Khurasan.The goal of the imams, peace be upon them, was one: to preserve and spread the true Islamic religion, and with this banishment, the banner of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, which is the banner of guidance, truth and knowledge, flew over the land of Khurasan and Persia as a whole, using it as a distinct method for spreading the knowledge of the people of the House, peace be upon them. When Imam Musa bin Jaafar, peace be upon him, was poisoned and unjustly martyred in the prisons of Banu al-Abbas, a general atmosphere of oppression took over the countries under the authority of the Abbasids, killing Banu al-Abbas “Alawites” either by drowning them in the Tigris and Euphrates or burying them alive in Baghdad and Kufa.In his biography, peace be upon him, we can see morals, chastity, honesty and courage dominating the movements of the Imam and his actions in society, and the Imam was not only knowledgeable in jurisprudence and religious sciences, but in medicine, languages and all sciences and knowledge, where he established an integrated scientific school of thought, dealt with the Abbasid rule intelligently and wisely, saved his followers and Shiites from the dominance of the Abbasid rule and made rational and correct decisions away from the pursuit of power.

Archaeological survey means the effort made by specialists in antiquities to locate and inventory archaeological sites and monuments, inventory their horizons and space, and describe their remnants and material remains that appear above the surface of the earth, such as architectural elements, walls, buildings, and archaeological finds such as pottery, metal, glass, and others, using topographic maps, aerial photographs, and scientific methods and methods used in uncovering the largest A number of archaeological sites without excavation work. In the beginning, the archaeological survey was nothing more than a preliminary procedure before the excavation, through which it determines its space and framework. However, with the passage of time, the archaeological survey has become an intended goal and a self-contained specialization, like other disciplines included in archeology, and thanks to it, many archaeologists have helped the excavation sites and contributed to The speed of identification, completion and low costs compared to the previous excavations, which required great capabilities and a long time to determine the archaeological site from the normal hill, At the beginning, the archaeological survey was nothing more than a preliminary procedure that preceded the excavation, by which it determined its space and framework. However, with the passage of time, the archaeological survey became an intended goal and a stand-alone specialization, like other disciplines included in archaeology. The speed of identification and completion and the low costs compared to previous excavations that required great capabilities and a long time to locate the archaeological site from the plain hill, The archaeological survey makes the view of the archaeological researcher broad and comprehensive and allows the formation of information on various types of monuments, archaeological remains and multiple historical periods.

This study came to shed light on the position of the United States of America regarding the political situation in South Yemen, during the eighties of the twentieth century, specifically between 1986-1990, which marked its beginning with the outbreak of the civil war between the wings of power in South Yemen in January 1986, however. This war has restored the course of political relations between the governments of the United States of America and South Yemen, after a hiatus of more than twenty-two years. In the Yemeni internal affairs, however, the difference in the American position made it clear to us that the American policy in the Arabian Peninsula, especially the Red Sea region, was often short-sighted. Its expansionist goals, which are to obtain areas of influence in the peninsula and the Persian Gulf, if the Soviet Union declines And withdrew from its role as a global superpower, South Yemen lost the Soviet Union, which was an international and ideological bond, and it was left with nothing but the door of unity with North Yemen and the merging of all the institutions of the two parts into a unified political entity under the name of the Yemen Arab Republic, and thus Yemeni unity was considered the most important international variable that occurred in The region of the Arabian Peninsula in relation to the United States of America, which culminated in its establishment on the twenty-second of May 1990.

The modern and contemporary history of Iraq is replete with many examples that reflect the highness of religious commitment and the spirit of sacrifice instilled by our true religion in standing up to injustice since the beginning of the Muhammadiyah message through the path of the pure imams (may God’s prayers be upon them all), and in this article we will shed light on the life of the martyr Jamal Jaafar Muhammad Ali Al Ibrahim and his jihadist role in Iraq. The biography of Hajj Jamal Abu Mahdi Al-Muhandis testifies to his asceticism in the world since the beginning of his life, as he took the path of jihad at the beginning of his youth. He's a college student with the chance of a life, especially at that time. His degree in engineering opened up prospects for the future, inside and outside Iraq. But he refused this opportunity, which represented the world in his eyes, and she opened her arms to him and called him to be preoccupied with it and to stay away from the Hereafter at its highest levels, which are the degrees of the Mujahideen. So God Almighty gave him insight into that, and this is nothing but evidence of his success as a result of his devotion to God Almighty. So he chose the path of jihad away from the love of the world, and told her: He seduced others. God Almighty has shown me your illness and medicine, your life is short and your danger is easy, and what you lack increases in the hereafter, and what increases you decrease in the hereafter. Jamal Jaafar Muhammad Ali al-Ibrahim, nicknamed Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, is one of the most prominent militant figures in the Iraqi Islamic Dawa Party. This leader stood with his brothers in the Muhammadan Islamic faith in the face of American arrogance during the American invasion of Iraq in 2003. This mujahid man concluded his humanitarian and religious journey by martyrdom, treacherously, by the hateful American enemy, and he accompanied another brilliant Mujahid star, the martyr Qassem Soleimani, and their assassination at Baghdad airport

The experience of modernization in Egypt, which began at the beginning of the nineteenth century, is considered a unique experience, which affected the components of Egyptian society and its social fabric in all political, economic, social, cultural and religious fields. Hence, we aim in our study to focus on the impact of modernization on the Copts during the period 1805-1879 and its repercussions on their general conditions, especially their social and religious conditions, and how the policy of tolerance and non-discrimination pursued by the rulers of Egypt contributed to spreading the spirit of citizenship and equality among all components of Egyptian society. The social change of any society takes place through the issuance of a set of laws that aim to bring about real change in society, which is reflected through a set of policies pursued by the ruler to express an actual desire to make change, especially if this Society suffers from economic, political and social crises that affected all its citizens. And it led to a real change in the structure of society, and thus an actual modernization that was reflected in the components of society in Egypt. The Ottoman administration in Egypt in the nineteenth century was not based on social structures. Rather, the rulers of Egypt, starting with the governor Muhammad Ali Pasha and ending with Khedive Ismail, were the first to notice the importance of this social structure based on equality in rights and duties, in addition to the policy of tolerance that they pursued. Priorities of the rulers of Egypt in dealing with the subjects. The rulers of Egypt during the period 1805-1879 were able at that historical stage to give the Copts a greater role to integrate into society and allow them to be more close with their Muslim compatriots. The authority of law and justice in dealing with all citizens regardless of religion, nationality or sect

The assault on women in all its forms is a social phenomenon that has serious effects. A country or society may not be devoid of it, regardless of its civilization, culture and level of development in all fields. This requires taking preventive and legal measures to reduce and combat it as a crime, which represents verbal or verbal abuse. against working women, a clear picture of this crime; Because it falls within the framework of the criminal phenomenon, and constitutes the first stage of the assault that affects the moral side of the woman’s personality, which can often extend to the physical side, and results in assault by beating, wounding, or otherwise, which affects the woman’s body and her consideration. Sometimes it reaches the end of her life by her relatives, as in the case of defaming the honor and reputation of a working woman, as it falls under the concept of defamation, which is a criminal act under Iraqi legislation; For all of this, it is necessary to stand on the extent of the criminal legislative treatment to criminalize assaulting the moral entity of working women, after the widespread acts and behaviors that offend women and their status, and to research the reasons for that, in order to provide the necessary criminal protection for women in society as they are the nucleus of the family.Because of the importance of the foregoing and the great problematic it causes, we decided to delve into such an important and dangerous topic, which we will try to shed light on through our research, and we will stand on fundamental points related to the moral entity of women, the most important of which is protecting the honor and consideration of women from the criminal legal point of view, and the extent to which the victimized woman is discriminated against by some The punitive provisions contained in the penal texts, and we will deal with all of this through two sections. In the first section, we explain the concept of criminalizing assault on the moral entity of working women. As for the second topic, we will devote it to some applications of criminalizing assault on the moral entity of working women

Every lawsuit filed before the courts, its value must be estimated, and if it is not quantifiable, a lump sum fee is estimated for it. And some of them are subject to special rules of estimation according to their nature if it is a real estate with its value, or any right in rem that is estimated according to its value on the day the lawsuit was filed, taking into account the multiplicity of litigants imposed primarily in the lawsuit or through the entry of the third person into the lawsuit and its impact on the estimation of the lawsuit’s value and by which the lawsuit’s value changes from what A legal fee has already been paid for it,The case may not be valued, so it is subject to a lump sum fee, and the course of the case is affected by its value in terms of determining the competent court, estimating the legal fee, estimating the attorney’s fees, and the extent to which it is subject to appeal, and whether what is relied upon in the appeal is its value when it is filed or what the fee has been paid. Legal fees according to the final requests for which the legal fee is paid, or what the court has ruled, And does determining the competent court relate to the value of the case at all or to its type has an impact on that, and it has been discussed how to estimate the value of the case according to several cases, as well as the impact of the value of the case on its course according to the Iraqi Civil Procedures Law and the Egyptian Civil and Commercial Procedures Law, in which the value of the case is more effective by determining specialized court

One of the facts proven by history is that oil has a clear impact on changing the societies of the oil-producing countries, including the state of Algeria, as oil is considered the main factor in financing economic and industrial development plans and thus bringing about an industrial renaissance, as new industrial and oil cities appeared, as well as changing the function of existing cities, and the residents of those cities can be classified. Cities to the residents of oil port cities and the residents of cities close to the oil fields, which are the most populous growing cities, then the residents of the cities of oil stations that experienced growth due to the passage of oil pipelines through them, and finally the residents of cities that grew thanks to oil, which are cities that prospered as a result of the rise in oil revenues and their positive impact on Those cities, which was reflected in the migration of large numbers of citizens from the countryside to the city to settle and work in industrial and oil projects, which had an impact on the high rate of population growth in the cities, and had a negative impact on the agricultural sector due to the desire of most farmers to migrate, and due to the improvement in the health and living standards rose The birth rate and the death rate decreased, which is evident in the population statistics in the 1977 census compared to the 1966 census statistics, which is the first national census to be conducted. After independence in 1962, the population growth rates in 1977 were clearly higher than they were in 1966, and perhaps this is due to Algeria’s failure to adopt a clear population policy despite several government attempts that failed to draw attention to the seriousness of this social problem that may exacerbate In the future, this is due to the belief of the Algerian president at the time, Houari Boumediene, to the idea that it is economic and industrial development that leaves an impact on population growth, and not the other way around.The rapid and large increase in population was accompanied by the inability of cities to provide all the requirements and needs of the population, especially housing, so the suburbs of cities witnessed the spread of huts, the revival of tin, and marginal gatherings

The importance of the research lies in the fact that it discusses the policy of the Ottoman state towards the Christian community in the Levant. The Ottoman state was based on a policy of keeping the situation in most Arab countries as it was, especially with non-Muslims of the sects, and each sect was self-contained and enjoyed important privileges, especially in Religious and educational aspects. It has a head of the group working with a special council for his group and the council consists of two religious and civil divisions. The religious councils represented the legitimate authority or the legislative body in everything related to ecclesiastical matters. The Ottoman Empire promised education from matters related to religions and sects and granted them the right to establish and manage educational schools and these schools depended on Religious education developed in the nineteenth century to be the source of modern education.One of the important matters is the intervention of European countries under the pretext of protecting the Christian sects in the Levant and the great competition between those countries and their adoption by one sect over another. We find that the educated elite that contributed to the adoption of secular thought and modern education were mostly Eastern Christians.

It would not have been possible for mankind to take steps on the path of civilizational progress, had it not been for the steady development that occurred in the constitutions and laws regulating the relationship of the ruler with the ruled, and the relationship of the ruled among themselves, and ensuring respect for the implementation of the legal system while ensuring its development in a manner that respects human dignity and freedom and preserves his natural and political rights from By securing the independence of the judiciary and the rule of law, which today constitutes an essential pillar of democracy and an essential pillar of the modern state.As for the countries that are ruled by totalitarian regimes such as our Arab countries, including Lebanon and Algeria, and especially Iraq of course, they work day and night to establish their rule in various ways and methods, so they follow the path of marginalizing the judiciary and undermining its prestige through the enactment of laws, legislation and customary orders, and the establishment of courts and exceptional cases that help it to survive. to rule endlessly; Where it excels in creating courts under different names, starting with the National Security Courts, the Field Courts, the State Security Courts, the People’s Court, and the Revolutionary and Sharia Courts, and not ending with the Terrorism Courts.What matters most to individuals in any society is that their rights are protected by law, and that a judiciary be able to protect these rights. The court plays a pivotal role in criminal cases, so it must be far from all influences that disturb the balance of justice, and to embody this on the ground it must The court relies on judges who cannot be touched by suspicion, accusation and lack of integrity in their work, so we will try to clarify the relationship between the guarantees of the accused and the judicial authority. Rather, the unusual methods of appeal are the special rights of the accused as an exception in criminal trials, and they are those methods that the legislator does not allow for the accused, unless he mourns a specific defect from the defects stipulated by the law exclusively, and the unusual methods of appeal do not aim to repeat

The Syrian-Lebanese relationship was characterized by its military character since the beginning of the entry of the Syrian forces and their stability on Lebanese soil, and this in turn strained the relationship between the two countries to a great extent. The Lebanese and its transgression into interference with the choice of the President of the Republic, as well as interference in the internal affairs and fateful decisions of Lebanon and its relations with countries. Therefore, the Lebanese viewed it as an unequal relationship and it was not a peer-to-peer relationship. Especially the Syrian intervention had the greatest impact in making Lebanon a fragile and weak base that is liable to collapse at the least that befalls it. Just as Lebanon has lived and will live under difficult conditions of sectarian formation that makes up the political system in Lebanon, which was centered around society and not around the state. Duration, although this change can only take place with the existence of mechanisms, means and methods that guarantee success without prejudice to the rights of all social classes in Lebanon, as well as the situation Lebanon turned to politicians and leaders far from sectarianism and personal goals. These events produced a bitter reality for the Lebanese society, especially the economic devastation it reaped, which worsened their conditions. In the eyes of the Syrian authorities, this Syrian intervention was inevitable, and this is natural, as Syria considers Lebanon a part of it, in addition to the fact that Lebanon represents the Western flank in the face of the Israeli aggression. As the situation deteriorated to become increasingly volatile, the major players in both countries began seeking to assert their interests as the situation deteriorated, volatility, and worsened.

The research was concerned with a statement of the legal adaptation of the tort responsibility of the security facility for the mistakes of its members, as it is one of the vital and important issues, and that the security facility represents a cornerstone of the system in society. Its members practice several administrative, judicial and social functions at the same time. Our research is concerned with clarifying the nature of the harmful acts in which the members of the security facility fall and the ways in which the law deals with these mistakes as one of the subordination relations between the follower and the follower. It also becomes clear to the citizen the extent of the burden placed on the employees of the security facility entrusted with protecting him, ensuring his security and tranquility, preserving his freedom, and preserving his money and honor. This will activate and enrich scientific research in the field of security facility work from the legal side . It contributes to the dissemination of the security culture on scientific grounds for the benefit of society in general and the security services in particular. In order to achieve the goal of the research, it was divided into two sections, the first concerned with the theory of error and the second with the theory of liability, with a statement of the position of Iraqi legislation and comparative laws.

Soft power, in its general term, refers to the influence and influence of a country abroad on a country or other countries for specific goals that that country sets for that, and this is actually done in several ways, but the most important of them is through the use of persuasion and attraction, not threat and military force Adopted on a scale traditionally accepted in international politics. The traditional means of waging wars are no longer the dominant language among the countries competing for leadership in the world, especially China and the United States, perhaps because of the first of them, the cost of waging such wars militarily, economically and humanly, and secondly, the acceptability of using soft power means in all its directions and the affiliation of the means used, which It includes cultural methods and providing investments and economic facilities, and in this regard, China has in fact begun to use the concept of soft power increasingly from its support for cultural exchanges with countries of the world because of its firm belief that these methods are among the most important means that help in achieving its control over the world in a peaceful manner, In order to increase its influence and influence in the world, especially in the United States, it sends doctors and teachers to work abroad, welcomes students from other countries to study in China, and spends large sums on teaching Chinese abroad. From this perspective, experts believe that China is trying to convince the world of its peaceful intentions, ensure it has access to the resources needed for continued economic growth, and ultimately isolate Taiwan. In the same context, there is a belief that China seeks to lead the world, in its competition with the West and the United States. With this explanation, the research attempts to study China's soft war and its use against the West, especially the United States, and point out its successes in different parts of the world.

This study deals with the attitude of the Soviet Union towards the 1974 movement in the northern part of Yemen and its impact on the relations of the two parties until the assassination of al-Hamdi in 1977. We tried to concentrate on the local, regional and international dimensions that affected the adoption of this position by the Soviet Union, and then determining the nature of the relationship between the two parties. Especially because of the great importance of North Yemen to the Soviet Union, after which it is an important area close to one of its important areas of influence represented in the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen, in addition to its proximity to the richest petroleum areas, which are one of the vital interests of the United States of America and promised from its areas of influence .Therefore, the Yemeni Arab Republic (North Yemen) formed a barrier for both the Soviet Union and the United States of America, separating their areas of influence. Therefore, the Soviet Union tried to be always present in the Yemeni arena, and to play a greater role in the events, but it continued its usual policy in North Yemen, which is not to show any hasty reaction to any of the events, and this is what we noticed towards the developments that occurred in the Yemeni Arab Republic When Ibrahim Al-Hamdi made his corrective movement on the thirteenth of June 1974.The Soviet Union did not show a great interest in Al-Hamid’s arrival to power, However, Al-Hamdi's behavior alerted the Soviet Union to the necessity of maintaining and keeping the relations with the Yemeni Arab Republic, even though at its lowest levels. That’s because his aim was getting closer to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, especially in the first year of his rule. By doing this, they were trying to preserve the Republic of Yemen of falling under the influence of the Western military and the danger of that on their influence in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen.

As a result of the expansion of the state\\'s activity and defining its functions to satisfy public needs, as its role shifted from the role of the guardian state that deals with issues of \\"internal and external security\\" and the judiciary to the role of the state that fills the growing intertwined social needs and fulfills peoples\\' demands to achieve a welfare state. The public office has acquired an important role in the development of States and their progress, and their great role in implementing the general policy of the state, by organizing social and economic life in society and on various political systems, and employees constitute the human factor for the public office, as they are the ones who play the main role in thesuccess of the public office. When the process of selecting them is successful and fit to perform their tasks, the activity of the state’s public utilities will be regular, satisfactory, and fulfilling public needs. Develop special legislation for the selection of leaders by defining the conditions .and criteria that must be met by the candidate for those leadership positions.The issue of special degrees is one of the important topics that must be addressed, because the holders of special degrees represent the supreme Aryan leadership in the administrative apparatus of the state. As the holders of special degrees are the main tool for the administration to carry out the burdens of its responsibility and to achieve its desired goals, as the holder of the special degree enjoys an important and effective job position that empowers his holder with broad powers to enable him to plan, organize and coordinate to make sound administrative decisions in order to achieve the functions of successful administrative leadership.The issue of the authority concerned with appointing those with special grades of vitality and development is addressed, as we note how this important issue is ramified by “special grades” and the extent of the discrepancy in its merits. As it is known, appointment to special grade positions is subject to a set of rules and conditions, both formal and objective, as is the case with appointment to the rest of the public jobs in the country. The competent authorities to propose and approve the appointment and issue the appointment decision.

In light of the great development witnessed by stock markets at the global level, it has become of great importance to have multiple guarantees for online trading of securities, which are guarantees aimed at preserving securities, and ensuring their safety when trading and settlement, especially in online trading, which is the trend The international market in the global stock market, which leads to the proper functioning of the financial markets based on the dissemination of sufficient information for investors, so that they are aware of the shares that they are trading, and the law has entrusted multiple tasks to the stock market, as the stock market is committed Financial matters regarding regulatory issues, as the stock market must open an electronic record for each broker It is kept according to a pre-prepared form, approved by the Securities Commission, to confirm the principle of control by the said body, and market management, a management consistent with the development in the stock markets, and granting licensing and registration to brokers, in order to reduce risks, achieve transparency and protect the investor, which is reflected In the end, on the activity of the financial markets, which constitute the important economic aspect in each country, hence the Iraqi legislator’s keenness to protect investors, since the process of trading securities is via the Internet and through the website prepared by the broker and the appropriate laws systems that secure online trading.

This research aims to investigate the use of the poets Bashar bin Burd and Abi Tammam for the literary styles (the proverb) and (myth and myth) as two symbolic techniques that poets use to express their thoughts and feelings; Due to their many technical features or characteristics, they achieve a set of purposes and objectives.These symbolic tools are closely related to people's daily lives. People are represented in the situations and events that concern them in their lives. They are among the most prominent cultural references that contribute to the formation of people's awareness and perceptions, and it is rare that a talk is devoid of them, given the narrative nature on which they are often based. The suspense and wit, and the aesthetic pleasure it achieves. Since the first Abbasid era was an era of openness to different cultures and an era of mixing of many peoples and races; The transmission of the heritage of other nations flourished, through translation, and it is natural for this era to witness a difference or specificity in the nature of the use of these symbolic tools. To achieve the goal of the research, it was divided into two sections, the first section dealt with (Proverbs) and the second topic: (Myth and Myth). Rather, the two poets achieved - through the brevity, brevity and suggestion of the aforementioned methods - poetic intensity, aesthetic pleasure, and accurate expression of meanings. The two poets also achieved - with the ambiguity and expansion of the significance contained in the aforementioned methods - to activate the role of the recipient and involve him in shaping the meaning and producing and reproducing the text, and the poets' use of proverbs, myths and superstitions contributed to achieving the most prominent characteristics of their poetry such as ease and generosity of Bashar bin Burd, ambiguity, cost and diving in Meanings of Abu Tammam.

This research aims to know (the extent to which Arabic language teachers use smartphone applications in The high school) the research sample consisted of (eighty) teachers of the Arabic language affiliated to the Directorate of Education in the center of Babylon Govemorate, as they were chosen by the intentional method, and the researcher chose the descriptive approach Given the nature of the research and its procedures, and in order to achieve the objectives of the study one of the researchers sought to measure the extent to which the applications are used The smartphone consisted of (twenty) paragraphs, and their validity and reliability were verified. The researcher started applying the questionnaire In the first course of the academic year (2020-2021) through the network (internet) because of my inscription And Bah Karuna" and the disruption of attendance in public schools, and the researcher concluded that the use of applications The smartphone by Arabic language teachers was at average degrees, as some teachers had a different opinion, in A number of the questionnaire's paragraphs that consider education by smart phone applications as a successful alternative to face-to-face education, Encouraging Arabic language teachers to use e-learning through smart phone applications Various educational situations Conducting a field study on the extent to which smart phone applications are used by Arabic language teachers in other Spreading awareness of the concept and culture of e-learning, its importance, and how to benefit from it at the educational and educational levels, especially the school and its educational or teaching cadres. stages of study The researcher recommended .

Linguistic accompaniment appears in many places, whether it is in the Noble Qur’an or in the aphorisms of supplications and acts of worship, such as the supplication of Al-Nadabah, for example.Among the terms that appear in the Holy Qur’an (prayer and zakat, hunger and fear, heaven and fire, jinn and mankind) they are meanings that are almost inseparable from each other. The difference in phrases and names leads to the different meanings that are recognized, the words may differ in the order of their letters and their form, but their meaning is close in terms of linguistic context and meaning, as is the case in the difference between (science and knowledge). The word “knowledge” is used to distinguish the known from the other, and the word “knowledge” does not benefit from another type of specificity in mentioning the known.The same is the case with the difference between (forgiveness and forgiveness), for you say: I forgave him, which necessitates that you erased punishment and pain from him, and you say: I forgave him, which necessitates that you concealed his sin and did not expose him by it, and forgiveness of sins is often from God Almighty for the children of Adam.Among the linguistic accompaniments that were mentioned in the supplication of Al-Nadabah is their saying to God Almighty (the mighty in strength), which is one of the attributes of God Almighty.Linguistic accompaniment is a phenomenon that is present in the Arabic language as it is found in other languages. The word “green” may be used with the word “herb,” so it is said: “green grass.” The word “barking” usually comes with the word “dog,” so it is said: “The dog barked.” Or (the dog's barking). The accompaniment of the modernists by which the word is known through its context and represents part of the meaning of the word. The connotation is reached in other fields such as the maqam context and there are words accompanying other words with the possibility of expressing them in phrases. Linguistic accompaniments have a role in acquiring words with special connotations

The interest of Arabic linguists focused on serving the Noble Qur’an, so various linguistic studies appeared ~ Various of sound, morphology, metamorphosis, eloquence, and with them, and other studies ~ that recorded the knowledge of scholars in the various fields of language, clarifying its subtleties and comprehending its methods ~ It was It is the matter of scholars that no one is based on the interpretation of the Noble Qur’an or its syntax except for an encyclopedic scholar ~ knowledge of the languages of the Arabs, well-versed in the rules and principles of the Arabic language. One face, and a weakening of the other, which was the reason for choosing this topic; Because his grammatical choices are an important tributary to enrich the grammatical lesson, as well as his morphological, rhetorical and linguistic choices, which will be devoted to another research, and the research in his grammatical choices is important, so the title was: (Ibn Abi al-Rabi` al-Tahweeh’s choices in his interpretation of “Surat Al-Baqarah” A model”), and his interpretation – may God have mercy on him – was characterized by precious grammatical choices, blinding an important lesson in the method choosing the convolutional aspect. The meaning has different forms within a single structure, and among his choices he did not accept the grammarian doctrine, as he was often inclined to the visual doctrine when the issue contained contention, and the research was based on extrapolation~ Ibn Abi Al-Rabee’s choices from his interpretation, and classification It is divided into two parts: the first section, it relates to his Arabic preferences, which does not contain a difference of piety, and the second part relates to his grammatical preferences that relate to Oman jansiyah in grammar, and from an old research that the mention of the honorable verse did not mention the words of Ibn Abi al-Rabi’, the sayings of the scholars were not presented In the issue concerned, in order for us to know the premise of Al-Tahwi (Mentist Ost Mufas Al-At 100m) On the reading of Asim Ibn Abi Al-Nujud Ab Tao), and God made clear the country of those who preceded the exegetes and Arabizers, and he was influenced by them, but he touched it on independent scientific drivers, so he was not only an affected transmitter. , and this indicates the strength of his knowledge and his vast knowledge of knowledge and manqa, and he had uniqueness in the Bedouins, which indicates his highness in this peace, and his deity took a wide honor with the inflectional divorce, and he is interested except that there is a potential gap, which ~Big blinds in the lesson ~ Feeling ~ Choices Ventilation

The Arabs lived on the banks of the Euphrates River, and they knew it as generous and generous, until it became known to them for its generosity, and this appeared in their poetry since the pre-Islamic era. Abbasid poetry, and a brief study was initiated firstFor the same signification in Arabic poetry until the end of the Umayyad era, if the common employment of the Euphrates to denote generosity was formulated in the composite poetic image, then the single poetic image began to appear and spread at the expense of the composite image, so that the supremacy of the single image in the poetry of the Abbasid era varied, and the methods of depicting the Euphrates varied to denote the generosity ofOne era to another, from one poet to another, and from one poem to another, and this is apparent in all eras of Arabic literature, and the use of eloquent methods prevailed in visualizing the Euphrates indicative of generosity, and most of them are the method of analogy, especially the implicit analogy method, then followed by the overall analogy method, and this is more accurate In art and more beautiful, and the movement has a great role in the image of the Euphrates for indicationOn generosity, and this is by the methods of metaphor, whether by diagnosis or embodiment, and it may be by others, such as the declarative image, as the poets used the methods of the beautiful, and his methods began to multiply in improving the depiction of the Euphrates as we went into the Abbasid era, as well as the method of exaggeration was employed and it began to spread in the poetry of the Abbasid era and increased steadily This was evident inDepicting the Euphrates River to indicate generosity, and the most poets depicting the Euphrates River denoting generosity is Al-Farazdaq, then Al-Akhtal Al-Taghlibi in the Umayyad era, and in the Abbasid era, a number of poets emerged, the most important of which was Al-Buhtri, then Mahyar Al-Daylami, then Ibn Al-Roumi.

This study analyzes a poem by one of the most prominent mystic thought magnates, and is often conflated with fairy tales and legends, until it became a model for mystic disturbance. Between praise and defamation by words, Al-Husayn ibn Mansur Al-Hallaj died in 309 Hijri ,is the first class of Islamic mysticism, relying on the authority behind the mystical system will illustrate the aesthetic of the phrase , and the mystical singular, it reveals the mechanisms of her intellectual work in her literary field, and an aesthetic interaction between intellectual activity and literary creativity, So, we purposely neutralized criticism of our mystical poet and analysis of his verses, to reveal the effectiveness of analytic criticism in bringing out the hidden from the text in a framework of interpretation and open reading of the text horizon, and make three approaches: linguistic, semantic, and rhythmic. This text is a milestone for the mystical poet of faith and his taste experience ,this text is at the top f mystical texts in its journey and may reveal some f its knowledge horizons Knowledge has people and faith has orderAnd knowledge is two sciences: rejected and acquiredAnd the time is two days: reprehensible and praisedSo listen with your heart to what comes to you with confidenceI climbed to a mountain without feetI waded through a sea and my feet did not fall into itIts pebbles are gems that no hand has touchedI drank from a hundred irrigated water without a mouthBecause my old soul has thirsted in himI am an orphan and I have a father to whom I take refugeBlind, seeing, and I'm a shrewd idiotAnd boys knew what I knew, they understoodYou met in ancient times themselves Science and its people have experimentsAnd the sea is a ridden and terrified seaAnd people are two, praiseworthy and despisedAnd see with your understanding, for excellence is giftedHe has hardships on othersMy soul fought with him and my heart was terrified of himBut it is in the hands of understanding plunderedand water since it was with the mouths a drink ( )And the body is what it touched before it was put togetherMy heart for his absence, I have not lived distressedAnd I have words, if you like upside downMy companion is accompanied by good deedsSo their sun shone while time was strange

tamathalat alruwyat al'asasiat fi alnasi ealaa khasayis wa'ajza' muathirat fi almuhtawaa al'adabii walmadmun alfalsafiu albinayiyu mae al'adawat almahkamat al'asasiat fi tahawulatiha almawdueiat , alati tuetabar min 'ahami rakayiz wujudiha ,wbima 'ana alnasa yahwi maean 'iinsaniatan wazawahir fikriatan yumkinuna rasdaha min hayth almahawir alati hawalna alwuquf ealayha fi 'athna' dirasatina lilnasi bi'iibeadih almutaeadidat , walmutakawinat min" usus wamuashirat mukhtalifat , fa'aqtadaa alminhaj almarsum lildirasat taqsim alfikrat 'iilaa mihwarayn ahidihuma bieunwan (muashirat alqasdiat walruwyat aliaiftinaniati) almuetamadat ealaa jame al'afkar alati yuhawil alshaaeir tarkizuha fi alfikrat aleamat biqasdiaat mutanahiat wabi'iibead mutawariat , watadwiriha bishakl mutasalsil libayan al'awjuh alkhafiat alati yuhawil alshaaeir alwusul 'iilayha ean tariq balaghat aliaftinan wahaythiaatih ,'amaa almihwar al'ukhar muthl b (aliaftinan bialruwaa alnafsiat walfikriat lilnasi) wahadha aljanib yubayin ma yajib 'an yaqae ealaa almutalaqiy lilbahth fi alnasi wama yadur hawlah min jawanib tarikhiat 'aw aijtimaeiat 'aw siasia 'aw nafsiat , mae wujud baed allawazim alnasiyat alati aqtadat bayan alafikar altawjihiat warasmaha bi'iishkal ، The text is taswiria، with its kinetic effectiveness, which enables it to identify with negative intention towards an open loop in which the other intentions that the poet wanted to employ in the content of the text become clear and presented in a manner that suits the mentality of the recipient who has an integrated vision of what is going on around him and special capabilities in looking at the text in a way that suits the cultural thought of life lived by the Arabs. At that time, the mental thought of the hidden direction in which expression recedes at a pictorial and symbolic level at the same time. The text also searches with its intention for psychological trends with their moral value and formations taken from experiences that the poet lived in instantaneous moments to communicate what is going on in his mind of realistic transformations that carry temporary discourses at a time he felt and reasoned in. His moment and he was managing in some of the others, so when it is aliastirsal fi qasdiat alhadith mndfeaan bishakl qasriin li'asbab qad takun mutaealiqatan bialhudur almutamayiz limutalaqiyh falabuda 'an takun lah qasdiaat mutawazinat tunasib hadha

This research is on the eloquence of phonetic repetition in the pre-Islamic poetry of the poet Marrakesh the Younger, where it focused on the technique of repetition, which is a central focus that pulls the structure of the text together. contained in the Diwan of the Younger Marqash only without referring to the Diwan of the poetry of the Greater Marqash, where these texts dealt with the poet's poetry by study and analysis, and "repetition" was within several diverse axes that may be in (letter, word, or phrase) This made the poetic text escalate from the various musical rhythms and the repetitive poetic event. The nature of the study necessitated dividing the research into three sections, as well as the introduction that followed, an introductory study that identifies the study’s starting points and paths, and the cognitive tools with which the rhetorical research is disciplined. the research was divided into three sections: The first section is entitled “Voice Repetition in the Letter” comes as a study on the repetition of the letter ‘C’ in the poem; the second section, entitled “Phonemic Repetition in the Word”, the poet’s repetition of the word is a manifestation of a high ability to enrich the musical rhythm, such as the water cup or the verbs, as it aims to perform a contextual function imposed by the nature of the language used in the poem; the third section entitled “The Phonemic Repetition in the Formula”, the repetition of the formula when the poet used certain formulas to adapt with the activation of the long sea ‘mufaeilin’. After completing this interesting journey among the texts of the mottled, the research does not claim to have encompassed all aspects of the poem, but the research records in its conclusion the texts and their aesthetic secrets.

Mr. Al-Murtaza left us a group of books, most of which are suitable material for the lexical lesson, and I saw that his book (Gharar Al-Fawa’id and Durar Al-Qa’id) known as (Amali Al-Murtadha) is a prelude to a larger study that includes a census of all linguistic vocabulary in its vocabulary.I found that he employed the lexical significance in explaining the texts that appear in his council, whether they were Qur’an, hadith, or the words of the Arabs, and this employment came from his familiarity with the dictionaries that preceded him, but he never gave them up; He was speaking from the point of view of lexical composition, deriving the word and returning it to its origin, and citing reliable texts in its statement, such as Quranic verses or the speech of Arabs of all kinds, and he depended on the word according to what the context dictates in his council, so we see him once abbreviated and again he expands a little and thirdly prolongs, these methods All three have been spotted in Alamali.Al-Murtada’s hopes are rich in diversity in the sciences of Arabic, and they have a significant impact in each of its branches. Among these sciences are lexical terms and their connotations, which reflected a great knowledge of Al-Murtada, and these words were given great attention by scholars because of their defining the context in which they are presented, and Mr. Al-Murtada is one of the scholars who They had more attention to these words, and his writings were replete with clarification of what was obscured from them.Al-Sayyid Al-Murtada’s interest was clear in the Qur’anic expressions, the noble Prophet’s hadith, and the speech of the Arabs in prose and poetry, but he did not leave us a dictionary, except that if you limited his linguistic studies to vocabulary, and the words that he explained in his many books, a glossary of hundreds of pages would come out of them, which includes thousands of words explained accurately and with meaning. Great attention is paid to it in its structure and semantics, and I have seen in the writings of Sayyid al-Murtada what constitutes a real blog that benefits scholars as they benefited from his many writings.

Text coherence is one of the most prominent characteristics of the text، as the text is only based on it. Textual linguists have agreed to consider textual coherence as a basis for the formulation of the text. Then، some of them shortened the textual coherence to the semantic side، and that the semantic and semantic relations in the textual semantics are the meanings of the text. Context، simile، and other various and varied links، it is not achieved without relying on semantic relations، semantic coherence with respect to textual cohesion is a base basis، and from it starts and its tools are formed، and in its structures، it grows. It is not possible to imagine a tightly structured، coherent text without taking semantic structure as its base. Hence، semantic relations had a prominent impact on the consistency of the text، and an insurmountable necessity in formulating and building its manifestations. Indeed، it is these multifaceted textual manifestations that guarantee the text its deliberative advantage. This calls for familiarity with the areas of use of these relations. This is what we will try to address in this research using a descriptive-analytical approachAnd to know their syntactical meanings and connotations، whether this relationship exists between phrases outside the text. or is it a list between them in the same text، as the context includes two contradictory issues، or one of them is an adjective for the other، or is it opposite to it in tandem، or was it clarified and indicated to it، and so on، they are related to each other، in terms of expressive format and methods of attribution. handling a specific issue، thus achieving textual harmony، at the level of the semantic concept، which is what we will try to address in this research with a descriptive-analytical approach.

The form of the verbs of the form represents a literal increase, compared to (verb, verb, and verb), and that one of the basic functions of this addition is the transfer, as it transfers the verb from the form of necessity to the form of infringement, or from the infringement to one object to the infringement to two objects, and this addition carries different connotations The most important of which are transgression, compliance, and exposure.And one of the basic functions that the hamza performs in the verb is the function of making, although the ancients did not talk about making in independence from transgression, rather they included it in one chapter, and Al-Astarabadi’s saying confirmed this (so know that the predominant meaning in (do) the accusative was that which was threefold, which is that You make what was a subject with a necessitating object to the meaning of making, a subject of the origin of the event as it was, so the meaning of the saying (I went Zayd) made Zayd going, so (Zayd) is a direct object to the meaning of making that benefited from the hamza, and a subject to go as it was in (Zayd's gold), so if it is The tertiary verb is non-transitive. It has become in the hamza transitive to one, and it is the object of the meaning of the hamza: that is, to make and make it as if I made it go away. I brought Zayd the river, that is: I made him present for him, so the first is (plural) and the second is (present), and if he was transitive to two, he became transitive to three: the first of them to make, the second and the third to the origin of the verb, and it is only two verbs: (I know) and (I see). The morphological function of the hamza is related to the extent to which it relates to the grammatical functions that it can perform, and the morphological function of the word in the meanings that benefit from weights and abstract formulas, and it is isolated from its relationships in the sentence, and that some of these morphological meanings are due to morphological formulas and others to conjugation buildings, and these indicate The formula refers to colors and physical defects inherent to its owner, and jewelry is an example of colors, such as, (red - white - green) as in the Almighty’s saying: “And his eyes turned white from grief” and among the defects (one-eyed and squint), which indicates the ornament (ashur and kohl), as well It indicates exaggeration towards the blackness of the night, i.e. (its blackness), or that it is to enter towards (the red pattern), i.e. it has entered the redness, and (the grass has turned green), i.e. it has entered the green (the face of the plank has turned black), i.e.: it has entered the blackness . .The research focused on studying some of the functions related to the hamza and its functions in nouns and verbs.

Qur'an is the most important argument and proof of proof for The anyone who wants to invoke it to prove the opinion or to prove the and the Prophet ( al – Bari ) has guaranteed all that he ruling , has God says : [ [ Stone : 9 ] . The origin of Arabic grammar is preserved , closely related to the Holy QuranThe origin of Arabic grammar IS closely related the to Holy Quran . The grammatical significance derived from the system of sentences and their order , and that any imbalance in the construction of sentences affects the significance , but the destruction of correct grammatical relations leads to a meaningless statement , and grammatical connotations were present in the book of simplex for the rationalization of the religion of the Stratification ( v : 715 e ) In this sense , this research includes the grammatical significance of the Quranic verses in the absolute effect , and the approach that appeared in the book of the simplex of religion . and on naseer Al estaarabathi was described as a scholar who participate in grammar , pragmaatics , logic , medicen , speech jurisprudence assets and he worked al tussi getting much informtion then he was introduced by al naseer to be the head of alashab in muraga .when a nueeri travel to Baghdad in ( 672 h ) al estrabathi went with him to get much information and when al nuseeri died in ( 672 h ) with the presence of his student al estrabathi in the holly and Musel shrine of al kahdum then ruken aalldeen went to Musel and The named was he even famous al nooria school then allowed to left he 50 was equipped with many fields of science grmmar , syntacs him in behind works and books pragmatics denotation ( Baseetwritten by Ruken and very became there setteled musel strat teaching in of scholar teach in the shafia school Grammatical Allahum.The phrase Ruken aldeen many assets and jurisprudence. ( Al the

The divine Sunnahs are many and different, the most important and the first of which is the Sunnah of causes and causes. This Sunnah, like other Sunnahs, is distinguished by its stability, generality, comprehensiveness, and consistency. The first means that it is fixed and does not change and does not change in the Almighty’s saying, “And you will not find that the Sunnah of God can be altered.” Repetition, meaning that it recurs regardless of time, place and persons, and this regularity does not conflict with the divine will.God Almighty has made the world subject to the law of causes and causes, and the verses indicating it are many and cannot be counted. There is nothing without a cause, everything in the universe has a cause and includes all existing things, whether human, animal, or plant, and the universal and legal norms are based on this general divine law.This divine law is violated when the miracle occurs according to God’s will and will, and there is a difference between the current Sunnahs and the supernatural Sunnahs. The current Sunnahs are the ones that are characterized by the above-mentioned attributes. As for the supernatural Sunnahs, they change, stop, or violate the causal system, and this is exactly what happens with the prophets(peace be upon them),The Prophet Noah(peace be upon him) has had reasons for the flood story in all its details, since the divine command came to him to build the ship and the appearance of the blaze of enlightenment, which was the most prominent sign of the flood because it was the enlightenment of news between an old woman, and then Noah and those who believed with him escaped from this huge, expressive flood that It reached the highest mountain peaks and lasted for several days.In addition to the story of the Prophet Jesus(peace be upon him), the violation of the reasons was inherent in his birth and the birth of his mother, the Virgin Mary(peace be upon her), who was born from an old father, who lost the health capabilities that enable him to have children, and from a sterile woman who cannot have children for life, but God Almighty’s kindness to them The system of causation was violated for them, and so was the birth of the son of Jesus(peace be upon him) in exceptional circumstances. He was born from a mother without a father, and his mother was one of the chaste and pure and was not married, so the violation of the reasons is by the order and will of the Almighty.

State rulings are procedural and executive rulings. Because it is required by the nature of the issue of guardianship, and it always refers to diagnosing minor matters and subjects, applying the rulings of the Sharia on them, and applying them to the rulings of the Sharia.The guardian can take a series of decisions according to what is required by the current interest, put some rules on their application, and work to implement them in a timely manner. These decisions are obligatory, and they have the same consideration as the Sharia, with the difference that the heavenly laws are immutable and immutable. Positive decisions are subject to change, and in their steadfastness and survival they depend on the interest that created them.And state rulings are based on the general interests that the non-infallible can perceive and know.And regarding the area of state rule and the limits of the powers of the Guardian Jurist. Some jurists believe that it is specific to mathematical matters. And there are those who added to matters of proportion the issue of defending Islamic lands as well. And there are those who added to that the establishment of limits and punishments; And there are those who said that state rule is linked to social and political matters, and the qualitative interest; And there are those who consider the powers of the jurist guardian linked to the enforcement of Islamic rulings and the administration of Islamic affairs within the framework of just Islamic laws.As for the document of state rule, it was indicated by some noble verses and some narrations from the honorable Sunnah, in addition to some jurisprudential and fundamentalist rules, in addition to the necessity of the ruling mind to maintain order and preserve the public interest.The research concluded with a set of results, including:The guardianship provisions have a wide area through which the capacity of the guardianship of the jurist is evident.The state government also has a clear impact in finding solutions to many emerging issues. The activation and implementation of state rulings has a prominent role in preserving the security and economy of Islamic societies.

The results of previous studies on serious outbreaks, according to the size of the announced statistics, indicate a high prevalence of diseases and mental disorders in adolescents, for example anxiety disorders, which are by far the most common mental disorders and are published by (25%), followed by major depressive disorders by (17) %) post-traumatic stress disorder (1-14%), but this percentage increases in societies that are exposed to great risks, as the percentage may reach (3-58%), and studies indicate the prevalence of adjustment disorder by (5-21). Therefore, the current research tries to find out the extent of its spread in general in Iraqi society, especially after the end of the conditions of sanitary isolation due to the Corona pandemic, as well as its relationship to defensive pessimism among university students. For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research, the researchers built a scale for adjustment disorder based on the diagnostic criteria of the Fifth International Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which consists of (22) items. The researchers adopted a scale (Abdul 2021) for defensive pessimism, which consists of (51) items, and after making sure that the psychometric properties of the research tools were achieved, it was applied to a random sample of (400) male and female students from the University of Babylon for both sexes for the academic year (2021-2022). Using the appropriate statistical methods, the following results emerged:1- University students suffer from adjustment disorder with a rate of (14.25).2-There are no statistically significant differences in the adjustment disorder among university students according to the variables of gender and specialization.3-The university students have defensive pessimism with statistical significance.4-There are no statistically significant differences for defensive pessimism among university students according to the variables of gender and specialization.5-There is a correlation between adjustment disorder and defensive pessimism. In light of the results, the researchers developed a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The study aims: The current study aims to (analysis of the content of social books for the primary stage according to the standards of the International Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE). The researcher selected the research sample and it wasA - Sociology book for the fourth grade of primary school, the eleventh edition of the year (2021), which is scheduled to be taught for the academic year (2021-2022). So, the pages subject to analysis became (17) pages.B - The social book for the fifth grade of primary school, the seventh edition of the year (2019), which is scheduled to be taught for the academic year (2021-2022). And the pages subject to analysis (26) pages.C- The social book for the sixth grade of primary school, the fifth edition of the year (2021), which is scheduled to be taught for the academic year (2021-2022). The pages subject to analysis are (60) pages. The researcher chose the questionnaire as a tool for collecting information and data related to the study; In order to extract the apparent sincerity, it was presented to a group of experts, and the percentage of agreement among them reached 94.56%. The questionnaire in its final form became composed of one dimension consisting of (5) criteria and (20) and in order to extract stability, the researcher analyzed the same material with another analyzer, and the researcher analyzed the content again with a time difference of (15 days) between the two analyzes.

The research aims to know the effect of the strategies of enrichment of ideas and creative solution in acquiring the concepts of science subject for second-grade students and their intelligent thinking. and control). The researcher chose the medium accreditation for girls affiliated with the Directorate of Education of Babel / the Center intentionally; After the researcher determined the school in which the research experiment will be applied, she found that it contains three sections for the second intermediate grade (A - B - C), as she randomly chose section (A) to represent the first experimental group whose students will study according to the idea enrichment strategy. The number of students reached (26) ) female student, and section (B) to represent the second experimental group whose students will study science/biology according to the creative solution strategy, and the number of its students is (28), and section (c) to represent the control group whose students will study the same subject in the usual way, and the number of its students is (27). student, and thus the total number of the research sample reached (81) female students before exclusion. The researcher determined the scientific material that will be taught to the students of the research groups during the experiment, and the scientific material included the last two units of the first part of the science book for the second intermediate grade, 3rd floor, for the year (2019 AD), and in light of the article, the researcher formulated (198) behavioral goals depending on the units ( The fourth and fifth) from the science book for the second intermediate grade / biology, distributed among the first six levels in the cognitive domain of Bloom's classification: (remembering, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation). The researcher used the appropriate statistical methods for the research, and after analyzing the results statistically, she concluded that the two experimental groups were superior to the control group. In light of the research results, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions that were mentioned in the research.

The current research aims to knowledge the effect of the list –group –label strategy on the achievement of the intermediate third grade female students in the history the researcher depended on the the experimental design for two groups(experimental–control),the sample from56 students ,the experimental group of 28 studen girlgs, they were studied by using the learning of strategy (list –group –label ) for students ,and the control group of 28 student girls ,they were studied by using ordinary method ,the two groups were equalized with the variables :achievement the school year for the previous ,the chronological age ,and educational level of the father and mother ,the researcher use a post –achievement test consisting of 34 items of type multiple choice to be a research tool,and she achieved from validity of tool by show the test on the number of expert and specialists ,and the level of difficulty and strength of distinction were calculation for each paragraph of the test ,and extact the stability of the test whose value was 0.71 using the half - dividing method, the researcher derived a number of behavioral objective ,and prepared a number of teaching plans for two groups , the study reached the following results: the average achievement of the experimental group that was studied with the strategy list –group – label was greater from the average of the students of the control group who studied in the ordinary method ,Thus ,the hypothesis that states that there is no statistically significant difference between the average achievement of the experimental group who studied with the strategy of list –group – label and the group that studied by using ordinary method ,the researcher used usual chi-square ,T.test ,and Spearmans –Brown as statistical tool ,

The research stems from a basic issue centered around the fact that human thought is a product of the social environment, and therefore it is subject (i.e. human thought) to the historical, political, economic and religious influences to which the members of society who formed this thought are subjected in the context of interaction with that reality, with the issues, problems and challenges it imposes. They have to respond to it. On this basis, the research is based on an attempt to determine the nature of the civil state and the requirements for its construction, and to research the roots and concepts of the civil state in politics, law and society, in an attempt to reach the establishment of a comprehensive concept of the civil state whose human and social disciplines differed in its interpretation and identification of its foundations and requirements for its construction. The civil state is one of the most controversial concepts in our contemporary Arab societies, as a result of the discrepancy in the concept of the civil state and the nature of the ruling political wills that seek to form a concept of that state that is consistent with its aspirations and gives it legitimacy that contributes to meeting the building and job requirements of the state. The research also tried to shed light on the most prominent requirements for building a civil state, such as democracy, the rule of law, and the separation of powers, because these requirements represent the essence of the civil state and without them this state loses its spirit and entity, and the citizen becomes unable to express his freedom in it, and express his his views, and the exercise of his intellectual, cultural, political and religious freedoms and rights, within an institutional framework subject to the law. Here the nature of the civil constitutional state is determined as it is linked to the free citizen, which is expressed through elections and the law that translates the general will of citizens with equal rights and duties

The study was held in the field of adult education, revealing the most important local, regional and international participation in adult education, and then reaching a proposed vision to raise the developmental and developmental competence of the adult teacher in the light of contemporary conferences and trends. To achieve this, the study relied on the descriptive approach using the content analysis method. The study reached several results, the most important of which were: that despite the efforts made by legislation and conferences for adult education teachers, the adult teacher still needs modern developmental efforts that are in line with the constantly changing era, to meet the diverse needs of adult learners and in the light of these results The study concluded with some recommendations, including: The need to make greater use of old legislation and modern trends for adult teachers to ensure that the ever-changing needs of adult learners are met.

The goal of the current research is to have good relationships between the educational counselor's strategies. The aim of the research, the measure of educational counseling strategies, is to know the extent of the educational counselor's ability to know and then know and then achieve the objectives of the research. According to this approach and the objectives of the research, the researcher applied this research to a sample of (80) male and female employees at the University of Babylon who were chosen in the intentional way through the distribution of an electronic form. The final (26) paragraphs, and the apparent validity was verified, then the stability was extracted using the (Alpha Cronbach) coefficient, and the total scale reliability coefficient was (0.90). t-test for two independent samples).The research concluded with a set of results, the most prominent of which are:1.Research results that the percentage of adults (88%) is higher than that of adult females (12%), while the highest percentage in the age group was the third age group (30%) of those around me (28-32) years old, while the age group was It is the age group (20%) who meet the previous conditions (33-36) years.2.The results of the research showed that the educational counselor’s strategies and his role in promoting social affiliation came to a high degree with a mean of (3.84) and a standard deviation of (1.01).3.The results of the research indicated that there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) in the strategies of the educational counselor and its role in promoting social affiliation among students of internal departments according to the gender variable in favor of males.4.The results of the research indicated that there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) in the strategies of the educational counselor and its role in promoting social affiliation among students of internal departments according to the academic specialization variable in favor of the scientific specialization.In light of the researcher’s findings, the researcher recommends a number of recommedations, including:1.The necessity of adopting the application of the educational guidance strategies used in this research on a wider sample to generalize the benefit of students, especially since the majority of the sample members suffer from problems that they face during their educational life.2.The role of the educational counselor in educational institutions must be developed and extended and a helping hand be extended in recommending and guiding students about the manifestations and values of social belonging.3.The necessity of emphasizing cooperation and solidarity among all employees in educational and educational institutions for the efficient and effective implementation of the educational counselor’s strategies in order to enhance the values of students’ social belonging and to avoid manifestations of violence and intolerance in all its forms.4.Urging the employees in the internal departments to deal correctly with the students and avoid provoking them, which is reflected in the deterioration or destruction of the students' personality.5.The work urges the inclusion of some educational counselors in strengthening training courses for learning computer programs in order to implement their strategies from a distance.

Women are still governed by social customs and traditions that have a negative impact on women's economic empowerment, as evidenced by the fact that women do not have a large economic project of their own so as to reduce their role by the conservative traditions of society. The constituents for women's empowerment remain unclear because of the uncertainty in the implementation of plans and strategies for the qualification, training and education of women in order to rid them of the triad of poverty, ignorance and deprivation. The economic and political empowerment of women in Iraq is an absolute necessity that cannot afford to be postponed, because women are an important element in the strategy of state power. The participation rate of Iraqi women in the economic and political field is still low, especially since their right is reserved in the legislative aspect but is incomplete in the executive aspect. In addition to the existence of many challenges faced by women, foremost among which is the security situation, the absence of law, the disruption of infrastructure and inequality between women and men, and after the events of April 9, 2003, there were wide participations of Iraqi women as they were able to prove their worth through their entry into work in various fields and ministries and the development of senior and secondary administrative positions.

It was remaining always the main aim that hoped by hospitals is admiustration of health service of high level & good quality.Its well known there is difference in the level is return to many Causes ; for this reason the problem of this Article is asking if there is difference between the level of health services in public hospitals from that in private hospitals, and if the private hospitals aimed to profit & the public hospitals aimed the benefit of patient in spite of little profits. The Targets of this study are:-1- administration of real image of the meaning of quality of health services. 2-possibility of determining the causes of this difference & analyzing them to detect the point of failer of administration of suitable service to the patient & then treat them.3- administration of theoretic field strengthen by practical survey to study the causes in future by the mean of results & suggestions.To reach the aims a hypo thesis has put as there is variability in the level of Health service between the public & private hospital.To examine the hypo thesis. Data have been collected & analyzed by using question are done for this reason. then choosing samples from mosul city (ALKhansa. hospital .Ibn al- atheer. Alzahrawi private. AIRabee. private). Then analyses the Data by using some of statistical methods based on spss.15 for windows Then ended the search by some of results & suggestions resembled by ;1- There is Low index of response & Touchment & delicacy in private hospitals as a result of uncontinunity of service administration& Little presence of modern medical equipments.2-There is low Index in the security dimention & easy reaching & connection in the public hospitals as a result of Low feeling of patients that their Life's. Between secure efficiency. Then Suggestion put as : 1- providing dimensions of quick respenfe & to uchment such as modern building & medical equipment. with cooling & healing equipments. 2-provide feeling of security to patients in private hospitals & fighting insects, Taking care of cleaning the rooms. establishing Training course to the staff a bout how to dealing in humanity with patients & taking care of them with out personal benefit.

The current research is specialized in studying the manifestations of some Quranic concepts through what the potter embodied in Quranic verses on the surfaces of his works, which appeared as leather patches or sheets of paper on which the words of God Almighty were written. The research included several chapters that represented the course of the research, which are as follows:  The first chapter (the general framework of the research) was presented to the research problem, which was presented through the following question: What are the manifestations of the Qur’anic concept in contemporary Iraqi ceramics? Then its importance and purpose, in addition to mentioning the spatial research boundaries represented by Iraq, and the temporal boundaries represented by the period from 2005 to 2021. As for the objective research boundaries, it was represented by studying the manifestations of the Qur’anic concept in ceramic works, then the researcher proceeded to define the most important terms contained in the research.  The second chapter (theoretical framework and previous studies) included two sections. The first included the study of the Qur’anic concept (meaning, essence, characteristics): The second section was singled out for the study: the manifestation of the verses of the Holy Qur’an in contemporary Iraqi ceramic works. The chapter also included a presentation of the most important indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework.  The third chapter (research procedures) contained the research community represented by ceramic works that contain Quranic verses, which numbered (32) ceramic works. The methodology used in the research, the research tool, and then the analysis of the sample forms.  The fourth chapter (results and conclusions) included and discussed the results, the most important of which are:1-The objective and artistic equation appeared in a conceptual format and consistency that indicates the potter\'s keenness to employ the Qur\'anic verses as a form of preserving the Islamic identity, in all samples of the sample.2-The pictorial surface in Model No. 1 represented a revealing and revealing field that illustrated the lesson of some Quranic concepts, including the manifestation of the concept of the verse of the chair, and in particular the beginning of the verse, which the potter believed in the necessity of showing and revealing it in a large size to be the focus of attraction in order to stand at it conceptually to realize its nature, its meaning and what is meant by its words Where the emphasis is on the concept of unity (God, there is no god but He), the concept of eternity and immortality (the living), and the concept of domination over the servants (the eternal).3-The Qur’anic concept was manifested in Model No. 2 through the embodiment and demonstration of Surat al-Tawhid, which carries a number of Qur’anic concepts, including the comprehensive, comprehensive oneness (Say, He is God, One), and the concept of Samadiyah in the sense of the need of creatures for Him to be united, and Samad is one of the most beautiful names of God, as well as the manifestation of the concept Efficiency corresponds to God, for nothing is equal to Him, and there is no one who is equal to Him, i.e. equivalent to Him, may He be glorified and exalted. As another Quranic concept appeared to us on the surface of the pictorial achievement, the potter included it to be an aesthetic value and a conceptual addition in an eye-catching manner, as it conveyed to us the concept of divine guidance to the people of the heavens and the earth, and that He is Glory be to Him, the guide and enlightener of the heavens and the earth. The most important conclusions were as follows: 1-There is a keenness of the Iraqi potter to draw inspiration from the meanings of the Holy Qur’an in order to convey the meaning and concept and focus on presenting what is valuable. 2-Concepts are intellectual units reflected in the collection of separate topics.3-Every Quranic concept is a total unit that cannot be divided, and it is a kind of Quranic miracle. The researcher presented the most important proposals, then mentioned the margins of the research and the sources.

All nations that aspire to progress and progress seek to raise the child with a sound upbringing to be a healthy and active social individual in society, and this is what a good citizen should be. Those who are able to give. Through the children’s theater, which is one of those institutions that contribute to building the personality of the individual, as it is a means with an important social force for influence and guidance, as well as recreation and entertainment, as it is an important civilized interface by presenting the correct human model in the past and present, represented by the normal personality. Perhaps the interest in the permanent research on the children's theater and its importance is one of the important necessities because of the importance of this theater in the entertainment and entertainment. In addition to its great role in the educational aspect and in the development of the child’s thought and personality, despite the multiplicity of the basic elements of the theatrical text, the personality is an important element, especially the personality of the child because of its great role in influencing the children’s recipients.The current research is concerned with a study (appearances of normal personality in children's theater texts) and is located in four chapters. The first chapter is devoted to clarifying the research problem that focused by answering the following question (How did the normal personality employed in children's theater texts?). Its importance and the need for it, and its goal, which was manifested in (knowing the manifestations of the normal personality in the texts of the child’s theater), with temporal limits (2016-2018), and spatial limits that included (Iraq), and defining the most important terms contained therein. As for the second chapter, it included two topics: the first was about me studying (normal personality, its concept and characteristics) and the second about me (children's theater and its impact on the child's personality). The third chapter dealt with the research procedures, as the research community included (10) theatrical texts, and the researcher adopted the descriptive approach in analyzing the sample. While the fourth chapter included the results of the research as well as conclusions, recommendations and suggestions. The research concluded with the most important sources and references.

Scientists, thinkers, researchers and groups of research institutions have not abandoned their studies of discontinuity in communication, communication and interaction. It is the mainstay of all human activities throughout their history and through social transformations on communication and interaction, without any social phenomenon inherent to human existence since the very beginning of human existence. The emergence of any human society throughout history without the continuity and interaction among its members, while social studies confirm that the survival and continuity of social relations between individuals and the deepening and interdependence depends on the continuity of communication between them. The scientific questions of these different thinkers, they depend a lot on the integration of communication in various human and social concepts. The questions facing the researcher in his journey through the integration and introduction of the interactive character of the concept of communication, as the researcher that there is a conceptual overlap between communication and interaction.A social analysis of communication is also necessary to understand whether the media has an impact on social structure and vice versa. From home to school From school to workplace, We use different ways to communicate with others, because everyone carries with it a different social status that a person should understand as a social person. It is the constant search for social interaction that leads us to do what we do. Rather than focusing on the individual and his personality, or on how society or social status causes it, symbolic interaction focuses on the activities that occur between the actors. Interaction is the basic unit of study. Individuals are created through interaction. Society also arises through social interaction. What we do is to interact with others early in our life, and it depends on our interaction at the moment. Social interaction is central to what we do, and if we want to understand why, the focus is on social interaction. To understand the human being as a thinking being. Humanitarian action is not only the interaction between individuals but also the interaction within the individual. It is not our thoughts, attitudes, or values that are as important as the ongoing active thought process. The research came to face the problem of the relationship and linking concepts between the two concepts, and by following up the sharing of concepts and reaching conclusions that can contribute to the development of the research into other studies that expand due to the importance of the topic and its relationship to our actual contemporary reality.