Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

The effectiveness of Wavelet Packet based Multicarrier Modulation (WPMCM) with modulation is investigated, for communication over HF channel. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed WPMCM system is better than that of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for the same environment. Utilizing the advantage of concentrating energy to certain subspaces of the wavelet packet transform (WPT), a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction method for WPMCM systems is introduced in this paper.

Recently, the superimposed pilot channel estimation has been proposed for wireless communications, where the pilot symbol sequence is superimposed on a data symbol sequence and transmitted together, and thus it has higher spectral efficiency. The channel estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system based on pilot arrangement over frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel is presented. The estimation of the channel is based on least square (LS) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimators. In this work, two schemes of pilot arrangement are proposed; pilot aided form (3) and pilot aided form (1). The bit error rate (BER) performance of superimposed pilot channel estimation is compared with the two proposed schemes by simulation. The simulation results show that the superimposed pilot channel estimation outperforms pilot aided form (3), while pilot aided form (3) outperforms pilot aided form (1) under frequency selective fading channel for both MMSE and LS estimators.

The aim of this study or paper is to design and implement a system or device (an electronic circuit) for testing, discovering (detect) and measuring the electromagnetic field intensity (EMF) in the local area (in our environments), cased by the microwaves product from cellars mobiles or other devices.A design was built and tested theoretically and implemented practically then tested and the results were discussed and putted in tables and curves. The tests show how the dangers of EMFs are near to us and it is real and can effect on the human health according to the incurably increasing by the numbers of cellars mobiles and communications applications. The study shown that if we use the mobile cellar phone for 10 hours continuously, we be very close to the danger limits of the EMFs on human. Finally, the test shows the different between the cellars mobiles and the calling methods in the averages received power.

Several measures for evaluating the performance of wireless Asynchronous Transfer Mode (WATM) have been published in the literature. Among them: Offered Traffic Load, Handover Traffic Load, Call Admission Control and others. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study that collects all these measures into one GUI simulator. In the present work, eight measures have been discussed and then simulated into friendly used GUI using MATLAB. The proposed simulator enables the network administrator to: enter or select the values of the input parameters; plot and analyze the performance of WATM at different conditions. The graphical results, obtained from the simulator, can assist the administrator to take right decisions to improve the performance of the WATM.

All coding algorithms including the linear block code provides explicit ways of ensuring that message remains legible even in the presence of errors, but without security. So a modified method to the linear block code that provides both error free and encryption will be present.The information are encoded and encrypted at the same time. The encryption will be done by using both permutation and Hill cipher, while the decryption will be done by using Hill cipher only.

High voltage insulators is essential part of the high voltage electric power transmission line . This paper investigate the electrical performance of two types of insulator (porcelain and silicon rubber) used in service and subjected to pollution condition from Baiji Refinery and thermal power station of Baiji for more than(10) years .The test data of flashover voltage measurements, surface resistance measurements and the insulators hydrophobicity are evaluated. The test result show that the silicon rubber insulator has a better performance compare with porcelain insulator.

Concatenation codes have attracted a great deal of interest since their discovery. They have been successfully used in digital communication systems in order to achieve reliable transmission on a noisy channel. In this paper, three models of concatenation codes are designed and tested over AWGN and frequency selective Rayleigh Fading (FSRF) channels. The first model uses convolution codes as outer and inner codes. The second model uses convolution code as the outer code and Reed-Solomon code as the inner one. While in the third model, the Reed-Solomon code is used as the outer code and the convolution code as the inner one. The performance comparisons among these models show that the last model gives better performance in both of the transmission channels considered and for different types of modulation. It attains a maximum gain of (3dB) in SNR over other models in AWGN channel while attains (8 dB) gain for FSRF channel case when bit error rate (BER) equals to 8*10-3.

The present study represents investigation of the laminar natural convection phenomena in an enclosed spaces. Realization of this subject has been done through different Raleigh numbers and aspect ratios, which have to make better understanding and configuration temperature, stream lines and vorticity fields in enclosures. The real physical model of the enclosure, which represents two-dimensional square object with partially heated adjacent vertical and horizontal walls and adiabatic remainig horizontal walls. Physical model represents base for mathematical model which defines valid parameters for temperature flow regime. The two dimensional differential conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy are solved by a finite difference method. Air was chosen as a working fluid (Pr=0.7), for Rayleigh number varying from 103 to 107. The changes in temperature and flow fields (stream functions) with increase in Rayleigh number are investigated for different (Ar). The isothermal cold sections adjacent to the vertical heat source assist the development of secondary circulation cells, that depend upon both Rayleigh number and (Ar). With partial heating and cooling sections on one wall, the flow is characterized by boundary layers lining these sections with separate circulation cells. It is found that Nusselt number is an increasing function of Rayleigh number. For vertical heat source Nu increases with decreasing (Ar), for horizontal heat source Nu increases with increasing (Ar). Results confirmed by previous experiments.

This study investigated to find the relationship between productivity and quality of surface for difference grinding conditions, to develop a better understanding of the effect of cutting conditions for grinding, on the surface roughness and productivity, to build a multiple regression models and exponential models. Such an understanding can provide insight into the problems of controlling the surfaces finish with productivity when the process parameters are adjusted to obtain a certain surface finish at the acceptable productivity. There are three various machining parameters have an effect on the quality and productivity such as the velocity of detail (υ, m/min), feed rate (ƒ, mm/min) and the cutting time (τ, min) for different diameters of work piece, that are known to have a large impact on surface quality and productivity. The results of experiment allow considering the establishing grinding condition on the productivity and quality of surface, and then obtain mathematical models to ensure the quality and productivity. The goal of this work is to identify a relationship between experimental results and theoretical model, and establishing the proper process values for cylindrical grinding, to increasing the rates for raising the productivity of the process. Application of new progressive rates of correct grinding condition, it is very benefit when using in practice. In order to maximize the gains from utilizing finish surfaces, accurate mathematical prediction models are...

In this paper, design and simulation of broadband parallel-coupled microstrip bandpass filters used for modern wireless communication technology (Military & Industrial System such as Low Noise Block ( ) in Television Satellite) are presented, Four designs of filters at 10GHz center frequency are proposed. The first design is parallel coupled microstrip filter, which modify by bending some of microstrip conductors in specific angle( ) as shown in the second design to modify the characteristics and results. In this paper, design and simulation of broadband parallel-coupled microstrip bandpass filters used for modern wireless communication technology (Military and Industrial System such as Low Noise Block ( ) in Television Satellite) are presented, Four designs of filters at 10GHz center frequency are proposed. The first design is parallel coupled microstrip filter, which modify by bending some of microstrip conductors in specific angle as shown in the second design to modify the characteristics and results. The third design is U-shape parallel coupled filter which modify by bending its stripes with the same angle as above as shown in the fourth design to obtain the best characteristics and results. All filters are simulated by using CAD (Microwave office 2000 version 3.22) and implemented on the Roger RT-duroid 6006, PTFE ceramic substrate with Dielectric constant, loss tangent and substrate height.

In this paper, a proposed design of Artificial Neural Networks Trained by Particle Swarm Optimization using multi-phase switched-capacitor circuits is presented. Swarm intelligence is based on collective behavior of self organized group of agents. Each agent follows a relatively simple set of rules and interacting with its local surrounding. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been an increasingly interesting topic in the field of computational intelligence. PSO is another optimization algorithm that falls under the soft computing address. One application of PSO has tremendous success is in the field of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) training. In this paper an adaption of the ANN weights using PSO is proposed as a mechanism to improve the performance of ANN. For this purpose we have modified the MATLAB PSO toolbox to be suitable with neural application. In neural networks, the multiplier is needed to deal with the learning of weights, and the generation of associated outputs therefore, a proposed design of multiplier circuit using multi-phase switched-capacitor circuit that can be implemented in CMOS technology. Generating multiple clock sources is a common requirement for the designing multi-phase switched-capacitor circuits so; a proposed design of multi-phase clock generator is presented which produces sequential non-overlapping clock pulses. The proposed design of multi-phase switched-capacitor neuron and its corresponding “synapses” also presented in details. Simulation results are presented using EWB package, which illustrates the validity of the proposed switched capacitor circuit's designs.

The purpose of this study is to present a model suitable for analyzing RC beams strengthened with various types of FRP materials failing in shear using the finite element method. The finite elements adopted by ANSYS (Release-12, 2009) computer program were used in this study. The numerical analysis incorporates material nonlinearity due to concrete cracking in tension, nonlinear stress-strain relations of concrete in compression, crushing of concrete and yielding of steel reinforcement. Also the evaluation of the enhancement in shear strength of RC beams strengthened with FRP materials is investigated. Different types of RC beams strengthened with various types of FRP materials (carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), carbon fiber sheet (CFS), and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)) have been analyzed, and the finite element solutions are compared with the available experimental data. The finite element results obtained were the load-deflection response, stress distribution in concrete, stresses distribution in FRP materials and crack patterns. Several parametric studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of some important numerical and material parameters on the behavior of strengthened RC beams. These parameters are effects of partial and full interaction between FRP materials and concrete surface, distribution of FRP materials stresses, and crack pattern. In general, good agreement....

Using push-off specimens with shear plan length of 200mm and depth of 100mm, the influence of the addition of relatively widely spaced layers of steel wire meshes on shear transfer strength of reinforced concrete was experimentally investigated in this study. Eleven push-off specimens were fabricated and were divided into three groups depending on the number of layers of wire meshes crossing the shear plan. The other studied parameters were the shear parameter of the conventional stirrups (ρfy) and the angle of the plan of the steel wire mesh layers to shear plan of the push-off specimens.Using push-off specimens with shear plan length of 200mm and depth of 100mm, the influence of the addition of relatively widely spaced layers of steel wire meshes on shear transfer strength of reinforced concrete was experimentally investigated in this study. Eleven push-off specimens were fabricated and were divided into three groups depending on the number of layers of wire meshes crossing the shear plan. The other studied parameters were the shear parameter of the conventional stirrups and the angle of the plan of the steel wire mesh layers to shear plan of the push-off specimens.The test results showed that the use of relatively widely spaced (about 40mm) steel wire meshes has only trivial effect on ...

Nondyadic Wavelet decomposition of Daubechies–4 orthogonal filter banks was used in this paper of image compression scheme that is based on this type of transform. and zero tree data structured is which used to quantize the output coefficients of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). This scheme gives good results, and high-quality of image called (MRI), with a Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) about (33.13 dB) at bit rate (br) equal to (0.114).

This research includes test results on standard concrete cylinders (150x300) mm, containing different percentages of glass fiber (0,1.1,1.64,2.2) %, each point represent average of three specimen under two types of loading, monotonic and repeated loads, the load was applied by six cycles with rate of loading (0.3) N/mm2/Sec to study the behavior of this kind of concrete under these types of loading.The results showed that the behavior of concrete improved due to the addition of glass fiber and this improvement increased with increasing the percentage of the fiber added.From the results note that the stresses carried by the concrete increased by (5.4, 9, & 16.3)% also the strain increased by (1.3, 14.3, & 24.67)% for fiber percentages (1000, 1500, & 2000) gm/m3 for monotonic loading, and stress increased by (4.5, 7.2, &9) and strain increasing by (5, 12.5, & 27.5) for the same percentages under repeated loads.Compressive strength, Dissipeated energy, and modulus of elasticity also increased with increasing fiber percentages.

Industry construction large quantities of different materials. On the other hand use of large numbers of woerkers, machinery and equibment. To carry out this task it's very important to use a practical system or a successful operation plan, within the liens of the project cost and time. Although the availability ways to achieving the project, there is a possibility to occur a deviations from the project schedule and budget. This deviatins may be have an advantage or disadvantage to the aim of the project.In this study we follow up the progress of the work depnding on the scheme striaght and depending on the dialy progress repports. Through the comarsion between the planned and what actually achieve it showed there is a deficit in the percentage of the completion. This study use to opproach this deficit and the reprecentage of the workers use are represent a part of the materials use in the project. However we find the equation and it's application to find the optimum numder, which gives the highest rates of the implementation as shown later in this study.