Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

The aim of this research is to study the effect of the process of accelerated curing on the compressive strength of Non - Vibrated Concrete. The study is divided into two parts the, first part including design of reference concrete containing 10% partial replacement of weight of cement, limestone powder (LSP), High Reactivity Metakaolin (HRM), and Ultra fine Fumed Silica (UFS), without Superplasticizer. The same mixes added with Superplasticizer have been exposed to conditions of moist curing for ages 28 & 56 days. Second Part , covered the study of compressive strength of the specimens of concrete mixes cube measuring (150mm) after exposure to accelerated curing cycle with three levels of temperature to include a wide range of change of temperature, according to the most important international standards and research which are (60 °C , 80° C and 100 °C (. Based on the results self-compacting concrete can be achieved during the one day accelerated curing at temperature of (80°C) for about 12- hour were reached (64 MPa). And the results that provided through mathematical equations derived from statistical analysis can be used to estimate the compressive strength of accelerated curing self-compacting concrete at 28 and 56 day.

Waste tires have been studied widely for the last twenty years on several applications such as asphalt pavements, water proofing systems and concrete pedestrian block etc. There are several properties of the rubber could be used usefully in this application such as low density and water proofing property etc. On the other hand any undesirable changes in the properties of the material resulted from adding the rubber particles could be improved effectively by a certain way. The main aim here is to study the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of the rubberized concrete compared with the traditional one and how it affected by using a coupling agent such as SILAN which is used currently in the present study to treat the particles of rubber. Three patches were prepared. Each one consists of three cubic specimens (15x15x15)cm and two disc specimens (5x1)cm. The first patch was the control concrete, the second was the rubberized concrete, in this one 15% the volume of gravel were replaced by waste tires particles and the third was the modified rubberized concrete in this patch rubber particles were treated with SILAN of 0.1% of water as a coupling agent. Compressive strength and thermal conductivity tests were conducted for the three patches.

In this investigation, conventional concrete mixes (as a reference mixes) and concretemixes produced with (5, 10, and 20)% of cement replacement by silica fume, crushed glass and crushed nucleate additives respectively, these mixes were used in preparing (144) concrete specimens. Laboratory test results in dictated that:

a)There was a significant increase (17.6 to 88.5 and 8.8 to 25.8) % in the compressive strength of concretes produced with silica fume and crushed glass additives respectively, while a significant reduction (29.6 to 62.6)% in the compressive strength was recorded using concrete mixes with crushed nucleate.
b)there lation ships between the 7-day(fc,7)and:the28day(fc,28)compressive strength areas follows
- [fc,28 = 1.701 fc,7] for (reference mix);
- [fc,28 = (1.590 to 1.931) fc,7] for silica fume mixes;

This paper proposes different types of an active filters design. A comparative study between the theoretical analysis and practical design of different types of analog filters is presented.In this paper a comparison is made between Mat lab simulation toolbox for the Butterworth, Chebyshev, Elliptical filter and a practical simulation using Electronic workbench (EWB).In general, the results prove that a good agreement between the practical (experimental) and computer simulation (theoretical) by using the available Matlab toolboxes.

A novel algorithm for planning initial and target nodes for multi mobile robots in complex environment where all robots have the same functionality is presented. The algorithm assigns an initial node to each target node based on a ranking method. The ranking method takes into consideration the path length between the two nodes, the effort of the robot while moving between the two nodes, and the possibility to block other robots movements while moving between the two nodes. The algorithm also tries to solve collision between robots using the proposed ranking method and taking robots performance into consideration.

Electronic noses are intelligent systems having the ability to identify and quantify different gases. They are capable to handle large data sets and to perform quite complex signal processing by employing commercial sensors. In this paper we examine four different gases (ethanol, methanol, acetone and benzene). The data are acquired and processed by a prototype multi-sensor monitoring system (electronic nose) which has been designed at University of Calabria. It includes five gas sensors plus two auxiliary sensors, for temperature and humidity, respectively. The system is equipped by an appropriate interface to a PC for visualizing and analyzing the data.
We introduce an analytical power law model of sensor response. Least square regression is performed to estimate model parameters. The model is then used for both gas classification and concentration estimate. The results of the numerical experiments on 172 gas samples are reported.

The classical design techniques that used for load frequency control are based on the root- locus that utilizes only the plant output for feedback with a dynamic controller. In this paper ,a new control technique known the pole-placement design is used to control the frequency and require the use of all state variables to form a linear static controller. The pole placement design allows all root of the characteristic equation to be placed in the desired location. This result will be in a regulator with constant gain vector K .The poles in this technique refer to the root of the characteristic equation and this poles are chosen arbitrary in order to find the best frequency deviation response . Different techniques of the load frequency control such as integral controller, PID controller and the pole placement controller are used and compared with each other to find the best techniques. Due to this comparison the pole placement design is the best technique for load frequency control. The programs are written using matlab package.

Thyristor Control Series Compensator (TCSC) can be considered as one of the solutions for increasing power demand nowadays. This paper presents design of control system that is able to change the impedance of the TCSC by controlling thyristors firing angle (α) of three stages TCSC using constant power control strategy for thyristor control series compensators to increase the capability of reactive power compensation of the transmission line. Matlab Simulink implemented to evaluate the performance of the proposed control circuit for the duration of peak load and half load of the transmission line where the simulation shows a good results where two third of the total amount of reactive power is compensated and transmission line capacity is extended.

There are many regulations related to television and video broadcast signals in various countries around the world, especially the developed countries in technology and communication systems including the United States, Japan, and the two together using (NTSC) system . So this system was chosen in research to analyze the space of colors in which to enables us to know the nature of this system and the possibility to convert to other working systems (PAL, SECAM,...) to ensure the exchange of information and video signals through systems of the global direct broadcasting and the Internet, The research has included an analysis of the colors according to an international standard (International Commission on Illumination), which represents the evolution of the Maxwell triangle to the process of mixing colors and thus determine the color space for this system for parameters (I,Q,Y) and calculate the values of quantitative color as well as the value of grayscale according to mathematical equations and illustrations of this, After that simulate those results in the image have been selected for the test to be analyzed according to the Matlab program as it has proved assess the pattern of color change correct outcomes of the application in the analysis provided and the color that fits the selected image.

This paper presents a studying performance of Back – pass plate solar air heating un-glazed collector that is simply say the recent cladding of new building and industrial facade. The use of a solar energy as a source of air heating used for ventilation or air preheating will consequently reduce the energy consumption which is the aim of this paper.
This paper describes the main characteristics of this type of air collector and the heat balance between all its components to reach to an equation that shows the air temperature variation across the collector and to study the effects of its main parameters on the temperature rise between the inlet initial air temperature and its outlet air temperature and made the possibility to design such type of air heating system collectors. The main parameter which plays the main role in temperature variation and rise in this type of collector is the solar radiation, it is calculated for the vertical walls facing south, and then it is changed to an equation to describe its variation through the daylight time for the clear and shiny day, the equation is a half – sine model.

With the phasing out of ozone depleting refrigerants under the Montreal protocol 1987 researches on alternatives to new refrigerants (HFC’s) and (HC ’s) are made to replace refrigerants (CFC) and (HCFC) in air-conditioning and cooling systems that destroy the ozone layer . Most of the refrigerating systems specially the domestic units replaces R12 by R134a, this study make a comparison of performance between the two cycles specially in the condenser where the main difference between R12 and R134a, while in the evaporating where the pressure of the refrigerant determines the evaporator temperature and therefore the cooling capacity of the system ,the two refrigerants are close in behavior. In this study, the experimental results of heat rejected at condenser, coefficient of performance, the experimental condensing heat transfer coefficients of R12 and R134a, in a horizontal copper finned tube with an outer diameter of 10mm are presented at different mass fluxes ,and different ambient air temperatures during condensation under annular flow . A correlation has been developed from the data obtained, the refrigerant side heat transfer coefficients obtained from experimental study is different by 5%-12% from that computed from the correlations developed by Shah , cited in [ 1,2].

The purpose of this study is determined values of Mach Number (Ma) for Subsonic flow around NACA4412 which is begun shock wave and known the location it. A 2-dimensional triangular C-type grid is used to match the reference measurements at an airfoil cross-section was taken from NACA 4412 from leading edge to trailing edge. The Mach numbers which used are (0.1 to 0.9) respectively and angles of attack (2.31° and 0.0°)for three cases of inviscid and viscous flow with choose two cases (K epsilon RNG and Spalart-Allmaras turbulent models). The numerical results show that the inviscid and two turbulence models well predict the shock wave location and size as well as flow properties along the airfoil surface. The Lift Force Coefficient (CL) decrease and the Drag Force Coefficient (CD) increase with using viscous term as well as pressure coefficient (CP) to give fit location for the shock wave.

A heat pump in the most basic sense, is little more than a conventional air – conditioning system that is equipped with the necessary components to cause it to reverse its running cycle, while the heat pump is operating in reverse, it absorbs heat from the air outside and releases it inside the building.
In this system Freon gas (R134) was used because it is more efficiency from the other kinds of gases that used for conditioning, and the data that produced from this system at its running time was compared with that produced from another system also used the same kind of gas.
In this work the first step is to measure the temperatures at various points in the cycle (t1-----t8) these points are:
•The temperature of (R134) at outlet from the compressor.
•The temperature of (R134) at outlet from the condenser.
•The temperature of (R134) at outlet from the expansion valve.
•The temperature of (R134) at outlet from the evaporator.
•The temperature of water at inlet to the condenser.

The porosity and the pore size have a great effect on the properties of packed beds. There is no doubt that any small change in the porosity of the packed bed leads to a big change in the pressure drop required for the fluid flow through the packed bed.
Modified equation for porosity had been attempted depending on the parameters affecting the porosity for water flow through packed bed for sphere particles of mono size packing system. The considered parameters affecting the porosity in the packed bed of sphere packing are the particle and bed diameters. Several types and kinds of packing materials with different sizes have been used in the packed bed such as Pea Gravel, Marbles, Glass Marbles, Black Marbles, Clear Marbles, Acrylic balls, Celite spheres and Glass spheres. The effects of different parameter on the porosity using the modified equation results have been studied in the present work, and The calculation results of the porosity modified equation have been compared with Furnas equation of porosity and with experimental results taken from documented literature data; the comparisons show a very good agreement between the porosity modified equation and experimental results.
Based and accurate semi-empirical equation for the pore size has been developed in this work by modifying Millington and Quirk equation. Model development and tests based on pore size analysis of experimental data.

This study aims to analyzing the delay – cost for a section of Baghdad - Kirkuk highway; this section (16 km length) has a lane width of 10 ft and shoulder width of 4 ft in each direction. The study results show that the average traffic delay for the studied section is (3 minute). The cost resulting from this delay for passengers and freights which had a negative effect on the Gross National Product [G.N.P] is (390,003,982 I.D./year).

This paper presents a design of microstrip antenna for IEEE 802.11b and for IEEE 802.11g using a nearly square patch antenna, excited by a standard miniature adapter probe feed line. The patch and ground plain are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch is loaded by a central shorting pin and feeding probe loaded by a series capacitor. This antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of (WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz exhibits circularly polarized far field radiation pattern. The proposed antennas have been simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave Office 2008 v8.0. The results show that the bandwidth of the antenna increases by using reactive load. The simulated gain of the antenna is over 6 dB.

Many literatures referred to false ceilings and their types however, these literatures have taken the characteristic of false ceiling systems in interior spaces. To tackle research problem, intensive literature review method has depended to analyze these systems. The result revealed the variety of materials , face patterns , module size and thickness, color range , light reflectance, edges, bonding and synthesis method .The conclusion demonstrated the dependency of false ceiling choice according to design elements , function , nature of space and type of occupation , and desired psychological relations to be achieved . Also the conclusion referred to variety of flexible degree of false ceiling systems , nature of structural elements , efficiency of environmental performance , aesthetic test .The false ceiling systems offers variety of articulation and bounding relationships. finally , to sum up this investigation , false ceiling system offers an active aesthetic dimension for interior spaces and achieve visual qualities like variety , activity or depth for perspective , curvlinerty , transparency , and other visual characteristic depending on integration of the system with service , structural , and skin system of interior space . Finally recommendations were discussed.

Many literary narratives dealt with transformations in urban fabric as a product that always varies, reflecting levels of interaction between human and the surrounding environment, which is affected by time and contemporary ideologies and social, politics factors that impose requirements of change and adaptation... And due to continuation of this influence,urban fabric having transformations due to changes in the urban environment and this shift is shown evidently in the renewal of master plans for the cities, where since the early decades of the last century with the entry of motor vehicles which were considered one of the elements that having a great impact in the vocabulary of Master plans, concepts and ideas alien in the planning as reflected in its impact in the scale and proportions, and then transform the fabric details ,open space ,visual nodes and other issues respectively. So a need arises to know the impact of Master Planning Renewals on urban fabric Transformations. With these perspectives the paper problem is identified as follows: There is no clear conception to understand the impact of renewing Master Plans on transformations in urban fabric of Basra city. This paper reviewed the definition of Master plan as process of certain activities and fundamentals and also reviewing previous literature on Transformations in urban fabric and where its related to the master plan, and then studying the city of Basra fabric growth and characteristics which having different properties comparing with other traditional urban fabric for Arabic cities in terms of evolution and growth.

Five alloys (Silver-tin), which are used as a dental amalgam were prepared locally under vacuum. These alloys are tested according to the standard American specification (A.D.A.No1). The mechanical tests are, Tensile, compression and micro hardness. These tests are done after one hour and seven days after solidification. The conclusion remarks as follows:1- The increase of copper percentage gives increasing in the above mechanical properties.2- The presence of indium element will reduce the tensile and compressive strength.