Wasit Journal for Human Sciences

The problem of the research is determined by the current teaching environment. We see it is characterized by many difficulties and obstacles that hinder the work of the physical education teacher and
teacher. Therefore, it required them to constantly monitor and change their methods and methods in order to control the lesson. Therefore, there must be skill in classroom management stemming from continuous professional growth, so this is possible. Summarizing the problem with a question: What is the reality of classroom management among physical education teachers in Wasit Governorate? The research aims to: prepare a classroom management scale for physical education teachers in Wasit. Knowledge of classroom management for physical education teachers in Wasit. To achieve these goals, the researcher used the descriptive method using the survey method She chose a sample of 79 schools in Wasit Governorate, and then carried out field procedures to prepare the classroom management scale and extract the scientific foundations for them. After that, the researcher applied the scale to the research sample to extract results that led to several conclusions, including: the ease of applying the scale to the research sample. Physical education teachers excel in classroom management and provide key components that help in the quality of classroom management. The researcher recommended several recommendations, including: the necessity of encouraging and motivating physical education teachers and providing them with the necessary support. And developing developmental training courses concerned with classroom management that would develop and enhance the research variables. And the necessity of using the research scale periodically for female physical education teachers.

Over the various ages, women have represented an important and effective role through their status and roles, not only on the social level, but their roles have expanded on the intellectual, cultural, economic, and political levels as well. For this reason, some researchers and scholars have focused their attention to a number of women\'s issues. One of the most important of these issues is to study the role of the Andalusian woman, who appeared in more than one image. The study of women according to Ibn Hazm Al-Andalusi via Tawq al-Hamama, which is considered as an inexhaustible source of women’s emotions, and their multiple colors. This study aims to find realism through the book Tawq al-Hamama, which Ibn Hazm portrayed for women. In other words, how did he view women with their colorful images?

Islamic Sharia is considered one of the most complete laws in terms of its rulings. The most important of them is a source of the legal legislative system. This system is subject to the fluctuations of events, changes, and economic and social developments at different times. Since the tolerant Sharia, in its perfection and suitability for the benefit of human societies, is sufficient to bring about interests and prevent evils in religion and man-made laws, it was subject for disapproval and refutation. The most important thing directed to Islamic sharia is its stagnation and failure to keep pace with developments and facts in various nations. To demonstrate the strength of Islamic law and to respond to these allegations, we decided to research the extent to which the science of law, general principles, and legal rules agree with the science of Islamic jurisprudence, and to demonstrate the crucial need for people who works in the field of law must know the principles of Islamic jurisprudence.

Educational institutions face many challenges and variables that force them to adopt new methods and methods of education, as technological progress has led to the emergence of new methods and approaches for indirect learning that rely on employing modern technological means and employing them in university education, which is called e-learning. The study aimed to reveal the challenges that Facing the use of e-learning in the College of Computer Science and Information Technology. The study method is field-based and the questionnaire is a tool for collecting data. The results of the study are the most important challenges facing faculty members in implementing e-learning is the insufficient information technology infrastructure. The most important benefits of using e-learning in education are the possibility Interactive communication between students and teachers. The study recommends conducting scientific research in the field of e-learning as an inevitable development in light of the modern information technology revolution.

The current research aims to identify:
1- The level of sensitivity to social rejection among middle school students.
2- Differences in the correlation of sensitivity to social rejection according to the variables of gender (males, females) and specialization (scientific, literary).
3- The level of emotional communication among middle school students.
4- Differences in the relational relationship and emotional communication according to the variables of gender (males, females) and specialization (scientific, literary).
5- The statistically significant correlation between social rejection sensitivity and emotional communication among middle school students.
To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher followed the descriptive approach, as the sample size for the current research was chosen, using the stratified random method with a proportional distribution, as the sample size for the current research reached (400) male and female middle school students. The researcher adopted tools to measure the research variables, as he adopted a scale Social Rejection Sensitivity Jack, et.al (2022) and building an emotional communication scale according to

The current study investigated the impact of teaching using the STEM approach on future thinking and attitudes toward chemistry among fourth-grade scientific stream students. The research sample consisted of 60 students at Nakhb Al-Aziziya Secondary School for the Gifted, who were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group taught using the STEM approach, comprising 30 students, and a control group taught using the traditional method, comprising 30 fourth-grade scientific stream students. The research tools used were the Future Thinking Test and the Chemistry Attitude Scale. The research tools were validated and analyzed for their content, which included future thinking skills (prediction, anticipation, problem-solving, visualization) with a reliability of 0.765. The reliability of the Chemistry Attitude Scale (enjoyment of solving chemical problems, importance of problem-solving in learning chemistry, nature of learning chemistry, students\' attitudes towards chemistry teachers) was 0.784. The study results revealed statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group in the Future Thinking Test, and the Chemistry Attitude Scale favored the experimental group. The researcher recommended several measures, including focusing on the STEM approach in teaching chemistry and its impact on other variables and different educational stages.

health in the Palestinian Ministry of Education following the theory of career maturity by Hersey and Blanchard, and ways to enhance it, the study population consisted of (2127) administrators. While the study sample included (376) administrators, selected using the Stratified random method. A questionnaire was employed as the study tool. with the researcher building a measure of organizational health based on the theory of job maturity by Hersey and Blanchard. The final measure comprised (60) indicators of organizational health distributed among the four stages of employee maturity outlined by Hersey and Blanchard: low competence and high commitment (D1), some competence and low commitment (D2), moderate competence and variable commitment (D3), high competence and high commitment (D4). Each stage included five dimensions of organizational health: leadership, abilities, creativity, organizational adaptation, and communication, The validity and reliability of the tool was confirmed, as the value of the reliability coefficient for the total score of the organizational health scale was (0.974), and the statistical software package for the social sciences was adopted in analyzing the data, The results showed that the study sample members’ estimates of the reality of organizational health in the Palestinian Ministry of Education came in at a moderate degree. The researcher recommended that the ministry should adopt serious plans to enhance the organizational health of employees.

French enslavers paid great attention to studying the Prophet’s biography, writing books about it, and shedding light on it, according to their point of view and their extrapolation of its events, which are considered the most important elements of the Islamic religion and its tolerant law, after the Book of God Almighty - the Holy Qur’an - as it is the main source of the Prophet’s Sunnah, and it is the second source of Islamic legislation. The opinions of the French explorers included multiple tendencies, some of which were moderate, some were fanatical, and others tried to be as neutral as possible, and they were reflected in their writings about the life of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and his family. Among these is the orientalist Emile Drummingham, who devoted a book entitled (The Muhammadan Personality, Biography and Journey), in which he reviews the life of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, in his own way and method.

The study of landslides and their effects is one of the most important topics addressed by many geomorphological studies, especially after humans invaded nature and carried out their activities near or on it, as is the case in the study area. This study aims to use remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems to detect the change in landslide areas between the years (1990 - 2023) in Zawita district. Satellite visualizations from the American Landsat satellite (5, 8) of the study area were classified into six land types: collapses, soil, rocky areas, grasses, forests, and water bodies, using the maximum likelihood method In the ENVI program environment. The study follows the Change detection model to show the changes occurring in the land cover of the study area. The study found that landslides have expanded in the region, as its area increased from (13.95) km2 in 1990 to (43.58) km2 in 2023. The study also showed the rate of transformation of each type of land cover into landslides between the selected years, as the largest transformation occurred in forests (15.64) km2, at a rate of (5.8%), meaning that landslides cause their removal, followed by grasses (11.16) km2, at a rate of (11.55%).

The study of the grammatical tense system in all languages, especially in Arabic and Persian, is of great importance because these two languages do not belong to a single linguistic family. The Arabic language is from the group of Semitic languages that have its own grammar, while the Persian language belongs to the family of Indian and European languages and differs from the Arabic language in terms of structure and morphological and grammatical rules. On the other hand, teaching verb forms is considered one of the problems of learners of foreign languages and at the same time one of the pillars of language teaching. Because the verb is the subject of the action, and it is a strong factor. In fact, it is the strongest factor in the sentence. It nominates a subject and puts it in the accusative case, just as it puts in the accusative place all the rest of what they call superfluous things, such as the objects, the adverb, and the like. And it works wherever it occurs, whether it is earlier or later, apparent or destined. Therefore, the study focused on examining the conjugation of verb forms in the present tense and revealing the different ways in which they are expressed in the Arabic language first and comparing them in the Persian language secondly, relying on the descriptive-contrastive approach. This is in order to find similarities and differences between the two languages in their expression of the present tense, as well as to demonstrate the extent of their agreement in expressing it, as well as to overcome the difficulties that learners may face in the course of learning its diverse and dispersed forms.

تواجه المرأة منذ القدم قدراً هائلاً من الضغوطات المجتمعية التي أصبحت مشكلات اجتماعية ترتقي إلى مستوى الأزمات، لاسيما تلك التي ترتبط في صلب تكوينها البيولوجي وأدوارها الاجتماعية في تكوين الأسرة، التي تعد النواة الأولى لتأسيس المجتمع وبنائه، إذ تعد الأسرة وحدة اجتماعية واقتصادية تتعاون لتحقيق أهداف متعددة تبدأ بتوفير الملاذ والأمان الذي ترافقهُ تلبية جميع الحاجيات الضرورية وإشباعها لأفرادها (المعيشية, والاقتصادية, والتربوية, والثقافية, والدينية, والصحية ...).
ولما كانت المرأة هي الركن الرئيس والأساسي في بناء الأسرة وتكوينها، فيقع على عاتقها الكثير من المشكلات التي تشكل عقبة تعيق من فرصة أداء أدوارها البايلوجية والاجتماعية, فضلاً عن الأدوار الاخرى في المجتمع العراقي المعاصر، وهو ما حاولنا تسليط الضوء عليه في بحثنا هذا.
يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على المشكلات التي تواجه المرأة في دعم الأسرة والمجتمع العراقي، إذ إن هناك العديد من المشكلات التي سنتناولها فيه لاسيما تلك التي تتعلق بدعم الأسرة والمجتمع، وأخرى تتعلق بالجوانب السياسية والقانونية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية والصحية ...
لذا حاولت الباحثتان البحث والتقصي عن أهم تلك المشكلات التي شكلت عائقاً يقف بوجه المرأة في دعم الأسرة والمجتمع، سواء أكانت هذه المشكلات متعلقة بها أو بالمحيط الاجتماعي، تلك المشكلات التي أصبحت تؤرق الباحثين والدارسين في العلوم الإنسانية عموماً وعلم اجتماع المرأة على وجه الخصوص، بغية استثمار طاقات المرأة التي تمثل أكثر من نصف المجتمع في تحقيق الدعم والتنمية المستدامة للمجتمع بشكلٍ عام.
استخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يعد عبارة عن اجتماع منهجين من مناهج البحث العلمي وهما المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي، إذ يشكل المنهج الوصفي المنهج الأساسي المعتمد في البحث، يساعدهُ المنهج التحليلي من أجل البحث عن الظاهرة أو مشكلة البحث ومحاولة إيجاد الحلول المناسبة لها وإنجاح عملية البحث، لاسيما أن الباحثتين جزء من المجتمع المبحوث، وهما الأقرب إلى وصف وتحليل تلك المشكلات التي تقف بوجه المرأة في دعم الأسرة وكذلك المجتمع.
الكلمات الافتتاحية: المشكلات ، المرأة، الأسرة، المجتمع.

إن حماية حقوق ضحايا الجريمة ليست موضوعًا جديدًا للخبراء في تطبيق قواعد القانون الجنائي ، كما أن القانون ليس جديدًا بعد وجود هذه القواعد ، بعد أن يفهمها المجتمع البشري في شكل عرف أو تقليد أو كتابي قواعد. العلماء لم يتطرقوا ، فمن الأنسب القول إنه موضوع قديم وأحدث ، فهو قديم قدم المجتمع البشري الأول ؛ لأن الضحية له حق مطلق في معاقبة المجرم أو العفو عنه ، وهذا ليس له صلة بالموضوع إلا ما اتخذته المجتمعات البشرية الأولى من الأشكال القبلية ، لكنها استمرت في الوجود لمعظم تاريخ البشرية حتى بعد أن اتخذت هذه المجتمعات شكل الدولة وتنظيمها للإجراءات الجنائية بهدف معاقبة المجرمين. ركز خبراء الجريمة والعقوبات تاريخيا على تأكيد حقوق ضحايا الجريمة وتعزيز تحقيقها ، في حين أن الجاني يعدّ عدوا للمجتمع وبالتالي لا يحظى باهتمام هؤلاء الخبراء ورعايتهم. ولا شك في أن أهمية الجريمة لا تزال في ازدياد في العالم النامي ، فالضرر الناجم عن الجريمة أكثر خطورة وأكثر فاعلية من نظيراتها في البلدان المتقدمة ، إذ يمكن للثروة ومستويات المعيشة المرتفعة أن تستوعب الكثير من الضرر الناجم عن جرائمهم.وقد هدف البحث إلى الكشف عن معرفة حقوق الضحايا وضمانات استيفائها أمام المحكمة الجنائية الدولية .

The Maqamat (literary assemblies) are considered among the most important literary arts that gained significant popularity in both ancient Arabic and global prose, as well as in modern storytelling and theater. In terms of language, their expressions contain an immense richness from the linguistic treasury, distinguished by the ease and clarity of the words. On one hand, this aspect indicates the fluency and clarity of the language, while on the other hand, it reflects the eloquence of the speaker. From a psychological perspective, the Maqamat played a crucial role because they signify the spirit of humor, amusement, satire, or mockery of the political, economic, and social situations of that time. This highlights the creative narrative brilliance through its linguistic craftsmanship, which stands out from other literary arts due to its skillful performance and vivid portrayal of events. The Maqamat were not solely aimed at advising and guiding; rather, their main purpose was satire and mockery.

This research explores the influence of media، specifically Al-Kut FM Radio، on the perspectives of youth regarding the issue of jihadist calls for defending Iraq,Data was collected from 61 university students for analysis. The results revealed that Al-Kut Radio is highly popular among students، with the majority regularly tuning in. The study unveiled a clear connection between Al-Kut FM Radio and the issue of jihadist calls، as many students believe that the radio station encouraged these calls and impacted their viewpoints,This research sheds light on the potential power of media in shaping the perspectives of youth and its role in conveying national issues. It emphasizes the importance of a better understanding of media influence and leveraging it positively to contribute to achieving social and political objectives more effectively.

The symbol is one of the tools of Arabic poetry, and it is an outlet for expressing the defeated reality in the manner of suggestion and reference, to suppress the feelings and feelings that burn in the poets’ souls, and to add distant horizons to the poetic text, opening it to multiple interpretations and different interpretations, taking the recipient to distant worlds. The artistic symbol was a means created by the poet with the aim of developing the language. The poet employed it to transcend the boundaries of time and place, and the symbol has an important role in shaping the individual’s cognitive base.

The symbol does not start from an unknown background, but rather the poet relies on what is in his memory of the literary and religious heritage and uses it in his poem. That is, he relies on the heritage and chooses from it what suits his text and uses it to serve its meaning.

The poets (Ahmed Matar and Saadi Youssef) relied on symbols in many of their poems to express many topics, especially the national issues that trouble them.

The Holy Qur’an is an integrated approach to all matters of life. The Qur’anic surah is full of moral values. Among these surahs is Surah Luqman, which came to include rulings, etiquette, commands, and behaviors. Luqman, the Wise, is unique to this surah and the values and rulings it contains. If we do it in our individual lives, this will be reflected in reform. The individual and the integrity of society. Among these commandments is honoring one’s parents. The right of parents is great, and their status is high in religion. With them is the covenant of monotheism, and thanking them is coupled with thanking God Almighty. God Almighty commanded kindness to parents and honoring them. God Almighty singled out the mother for mention because of the fatigue and hardship she suffered in carrying and placing him. .

Egypt represented an influential and important strategy in the context of British plans aimed at establishing its presence in the Suez Canal. Therefore, the British policy of containment was confirmed in light of the application of British protection over Egypt in 1914, but these measures failed in the face of the independence movement in Egypt, which sparked the “Revolution of 1919,” so it made Britain working back following its policy to contain the activities of the revolution. As a result, it announced the abolition of the British protectorate in Egypt in 1922. One result would be to change the protectorate to a different type of system that would decide the independence of Egypt, while Britain would obtain, through the 1936 treaty, the advantages and guarantees that the protection had achieved, and this was confirmed. The terms of the treaty were a closed protection with a thin layer of
future independence.

Al-Balaghi adopted in defending the Qur’an the principle that constitutes the basis of Islamic beliefs by demonstrating the universality of Islam and the correct foundations of the true heavenly religion, in terms of making the jurisprudential and interpretive foundations the basis of any interpretation and staying away from what contradicts the approach that deviates from following an inheritance. Prophecy and inheritance are among its various and diverse methods of interpretation. Guidance to the religion of the Chosen One was the basis of the books that worked to clarify and make guidance to the religion of God the content. The method that he explained was based on his pointing out the topics that were the focus of criticism by those who were biased by detailing their details in precise detail and responding to them. Each on his own until he reaches his conclusion through a scientific and analytical method. We have followed in our study his method that he explained in his book, and we have concluded that it was not based on a single method, but rather varied in his presentation of the text and filling it with research, analysis, and discussion with his comparisons of the texts, and that the method that helped us in reaching a little partial understanding of the method His defense and extrapolation of the texts demonstrated the modern and unique method of scientific foundations that he followed, and the most important results that the study reached was that the defense of the Holy Qur’an cannot be done by any interpreter, author or researcher unless he has extensive knowledge and knowledge of the subject being researched, so how about the Holy Qur’an, which the understanding of the understanding is unable to comprehend? With it .

The novelist Girgis achieved the maximum in his novel From the Space of Sorrow, as he placed his young hero, Kamal Touma, in a circle of misfortunes and tragedies by losing his dear brother Raymond in a painful circumstance, which gave the novel its dramatic and human character. Through this narrative passage, those tragedies were clearly highlighted to us, from the drowning of the child Raymond and the state of panic and despair that Kamal Touma experienced while trying to save his brother, as well as the accusation of the stepmother for killing Raymond. The novelist expressed the state of shock and grief that befell Kamal Touma later. Questions also emerged about the fate of Raymond\'s body and the wait for the father\'s return. Thus, we find that the novelist has succeeded in drawing an atmosphere of sorrow and suffering around the heroic child. The novelist also explains that murder is more like a deceptive operation, as Kamal kills Touma without noticing him, and he dies a treacherous death. Perhaps the novelist did not want to mention treachery here because it contains two elements: The first is fooling the victim, such as coming from behind him or lying in wait for him. The second was luring him to capture him in an isolated place. Kamal Touma did not want to die murdered, but rather he believed that death was a natural right, and that he must die peacefully without violence or assassination.

During its golden age, the Abbasid state witnessed great achievements on the cultural and intellectual level, especially after Baghdad became the capital of the caliphate, the direction of the Islamic world, and as a result of the policy of the Abbasid state based on cultural mixing between peoples. These cultures melted in the crucible of Islam, the sciences expanded, and the scientific and intellectual movement developed due to the efforts of The Abbasid caliphs and their passion for science and learning, and openness to the other world, the impact and impact of Islamic civilization on other civilizations was clear, whether linguistic, intellectual or other influences.

A research system was designed to purify water using nanofilters and magnetic fields. Samples were brought from the Crescent Lake in the city of Numaniyah and from the Dujaila River. The qualitative characteristics of the water were measured, such as pH, electrical conductivity, and dissolved salts such as sodium and magnesium before and after treatment. The results showed significant purification of impurities, salts, and plankton. The results were compared with the Iraqi standards for drinking water, the Iraqi standards for bottled water, as well as the World Health Organization WHO standards. The results showed that this water treated with the system designed conforms to all the aforementioned standards and is of very high purity.

- The relationship between the Ayyubid rulers and the Mamluks, who were essentially military slaves acquired through purchase or enslavement, evolved.
- The Mamluk class began to emerge as a powerful military force.
The establishment of the Mamluk state in Egypt marked a significant milestone in Egyptian history, leading to periods of stability, prosperity, and leaving a lasting impact on the development of society and culture.
In the Mamluk era in Egypt, the issue of inflation posed a significant challenge to the population. The reasons were diverse, including wars and political disruptions that affected the economy. Increases in taxes and military expenditures exacerbated the problem. Water scarcity and drought also contributed to the rise in food prices. Inflation significantly impacted peoples’ lives, increasing poverty and economic pressures on the lower classes.
This issue was an integral part of societal challenges during the Mamluk period. The era witnessed political and economic turmoil, with the country affected by wars and internal conflicts. Taxes and military costs rose, leading to an increase in the cost of living.
In this context, the intensity of poverty increased, and living conditions worsened for the lower classes. Inflation also led to the deterioration of the overall economic situation and increased social tensions. It can be said that the issue of inflation reflected the challenging conditions experienced by Egyptian society during that period, significantly impacting people\'s lives.
The problem of inflation worsened due to tax hikes and military expenditures, negatively affecting the economic life of the population. Poverty rates increased significantly, especially among the economically vulnerable groups. These conditions caused social tensions and extreme dissatisfaction among the people.
Overall, inflation in the Mamluk era reflects a complex interplay of economic, social, and environmental factors, profoundly affecting the lives of the population and posing a serious challenge to the society at that time.
Among the problems of inflation in Egypt during the Mamluk era, there was a diversity characterized by a broad impact on society and the economy. Among the most prominent of these problems are: wars and conflicts, lack of water resources and drought, increased taxes and military expenditures, debt accumulation, and worsening poverty.

Civil protection is one of the most important legal topics worth studying, as it addresses many important issues in the life of a farmer. In this study, we discussed the legal basis on which the damaged farmer can obtain appropriate compensation for the damage caused by the water scarcity in the country due to climate change and global warming, which led to the phenomenon of dry and decreasing amounts of rain and snow, which led to a clear decrease in water revenues of the Tigris rivers the Euphrates, in addition to the neighboring countries which build dams on the tributaries of the two rivers in their territory. This affected the water revenues of the country, and the state should take several measures to address the water scarcity, and prepare accurate plans to ensure its access to all agricultural lands, otherwise, it was responsible for the damage caused by the dry that hit several important agricultural areas.
This study produced many results, the most important of which was the right of farmers to claim compensation by prosecuting civil lawsuits because any damage caused by water scarcity may result in the loss of the rights of damaged farmers.

The German school was distinguished by its devoid of religious and colonial aims, and its distance from the spirit of hostility against Islam, despite the presence of ambiguity in the understanding of Islamic history, as a result of the speculations and varying interpretations of historical events contained in Arab sources due to sectarian and sectarian conflicts and differences. The German school was also distinguished by its abundance of production and its acquisition of many manuscripts. Which influenced Eastern historical studies, and the interest of Orientalist studies in the history of Wasit was clear, as the Germans were not satisfied with what the sources contained in writings about the history of the city of Wasit, but there was interest in the results of archaeological missions. To the ruins of the ancient city of Wasit, for the purpose of obtaining new information or confirming what was written in the Arab sources about the history of the city, and to see the progress achieved by Islamic architecture at that time, which appeared in their studies on the history of the Arab Islamic state, which included writings on the history of the city. Wasit. The German orientalists were interested in identifying the real reasons for building the city of Wasit. The presence of pilgrims in the province of Iraq and the wide powers they enjoyed in administration was the most important factor in accelerating the construction of the city and making it a center for administration and conquests in the Islamic East.

In this research, we try to clarify Schleirmach\'s
critical attitude on some of the deniers of
religion, starting from religious, social, and
intellectual impacts that influenced this
philosopher and formed his intellectual frame.
Schleirmach is truly regarded the founder of
general hermeneutics and the father of modern
religious studies. He is well known in
presenting different and new understanding of
religion through which his first attempt is to
triumph over those intellectuals who despised
religion and belittled its value as a result of
their extremist mentality and their lack of
understanding of the truth and essence of
religion. Therefore, we find his book entitled \"
On Religion\". Religion is speeches to
intellectuals who despise it. There are speeches
in which intellectuals are attacked. But these
speeches did not make Schleirmach leave the
Catholic Church and the philosophers of
religion without criticizing them. He saw that
they had harmed religion as a result of mixing
it with other fields that did not agree with it in
the same essence. For him, religion was the
feeling of communication with the absolute.

This study examines the criminal and civil
liability of public employees, focusing on the
harm they may cause while performing their
duties. Public employees may cause harm
through actions they initiate, by supervising
others, or by managing objects under their
control. The law imposes penalties on those who
cause harm, which may result in either criminal
or civil liability. The study explores the
distinction between these two forms of liability
and how criminal procedures affect disciplinary
responsibility within the context of public
service. The research emphasizes the impact of
criminal rulings on disciplinary actions and the
consequences of such penalties on the
employment relationship of public employees. It
aims to clarify the disciplinary measures under
the Civil Service Law, particularly in cases of
professional errors that lead to both criminal and
civil liability. The research is structured in two
sections. The first section outlines the research
problem, its significance, objectives, and key
terminology. The second section delves into the
establishment of criminal and civil liability for
public employees. The study concludes with a
summary of findings and recommendations,
shedding light on the relationship between
criminal and civil responsibilities and their
implications for public employees.

The problem of the research is determined by the current teaching environment. We see it is characterized by many difficulties and obstacles that hinder the work of the physical education teacher and
teacher. Therefore, it required them to constantly monitor and change their methods and methods in order to control the lesson. Therefore, there must be skill in classroom management stemming from continuous professional growth, so this is possible. Summarizing the problem with a question: What is the reality of classroom management among physical education teachers in Wasit Governorate? The research aims to: prepare a classroom management scale for physical education teachers in Wasit. Knowledge of classroom management for physical education teachers in Wasit. To achieve these goals, the researcher used the descriptive method using the survey method She chose a sample of 79 schools in Wasit Governorate, and then carried out field procedures to prepare the classroom management scale and extract the scientific foundations for them. After that, the researcher applied the scale to the research sample to extract results that led to several conclusions, including: the ease of applying the scale to the research sample. Physical education teachers excel in classroom management and provide key components that help in the quality of classroom management. The researcher recommended several recommendations, including: the necessity of encouraging and motivating physical education teachers and providing them with the necessary support. And developing developmental training courses concerned with classroom management that would develop and enhance the research variables. And the necessity of using the research scale periodically for female physical education teachers.

ABSTRACT
The notion of Hijab is rooted in Quran, the Holy book in the Islamic teaching, where it emphasizes the importance of modesty. One of the key verses often cited is in Holly Quran, which instructs Muslim women to draw their veils over their heads. Therefore, this study aims to explore the textual features of Hijab in religious discourses by examining the ideologies found in religious verses. By employing critical discourse analysis, the research investigates the representation of the Hijab across two selected verses from the Holy Quran. By utilizing Fairclough's three-dimensional framework (2001) and qualitative methods, the analysis reveals nuanced expressions of the Hijab within religious verses. The study discerns that religious verses employ carefully chosen words to underscore the significance of wearing the Hijab. The usage of second and third possessive pronouns in the text indicates that wearing Hijab is an obligation for all women. It also concludes that the religious verses describe the Hijab positively by using positive expression. As for the ideological analysis, it reveals different aspects of life, including religious, juristic, moral and social matters that is used to regulate life.

Abstract
The study aims to determine the potentiality of investing the solar radiation in Duhok‎province’s southern and southeastern mountains, and its use in developing tourism‎projects. It also aims to set an investment plan for the solar radiation received by the solar ‎panels to produce the electrical energy that meets the needs of the tourism areas. The selected ‎study area contained samples of solar cells, which were installed to identify the amount of ‎radiation recorded as (19.06) kW/h/day/panel, and in turn generates (3.0) kW/h/day ‎of electrical energy. By utilizing some technologies and simulation methods, an‎area of approximately (29) km length and 1 km width within the same mountain series was‎suggested to be used to establish (1,000,000) panels with special specifications. This will provide approximately (87,000) Mega W/h/day of electrical power that will satisfy ‎the area needs of electricity. Such a procedure will work to enhance the development of tourism areas ‎and provide the electricity required for hotels, resorts, restaurants, health spas and other ‎facilities in the area. As a result, this will reduce the load on the

Abstract
Female American novelists have written novels on the Iraq War that express a perspective rarely encountered in modern war literature. Helen Benedict is one of the female novelists who used fiction to portray the Iraq War, particularly via the viewpoints of female main characters, to convey women's issues and the pain experienced by humanity. Benedict, a journalist, has extensively documented the impact of war on female troops in Iraq. In her works of fiction, she specifically focuses on the psychological and physical aftermath that war imposes on women. The author's work elucidates that while the war may have concluded as a historical event, its repercussions persist for individuals who served as troops in Iraq or experienced the loss of loved ones, whether they were in Iraq or back home in the United States of America.

STRACT
This study emphasizes the critical importance of
restoring and protecting the Marshlands, not only for
their ecological benefits but also for preserving and
reconnecting the cultural identity of a region
recovering from conflict. The Marshlands, severely
damaged at the turn of the century due to
mismanagement and militarization, remain
vulnerable. Local awareness of their cultural and
economic value is limited, largely due to inadequate
education, hindering recognition of their indirect
benefits. Despite the rich history of the Marshlands,
including significant archaeological sites like Ur,
Eridu, and Uruk, and the unique lifestyle of the
Marsh Arabs, tourism is minimal. The study
advocates for the promotion of this cultural heritage
to empower local communities, helping them
reconnect with their history and appreciate the value
of the Marshlands. The research proposes new citizen
science initiatives to engage the public, particularly
in areas affected by conflict. This participatory
approach can support sustainable tourism, offering
immersive experiences like virtual reality tours,
which are particularly beneficial given the ongoing
security issues that deter foreign tourists. The project
aims to reconnect southern Iraq's citizens with their
cultural roots, promoting healing and unity, and
paving the way for a sustainable and prosperous
future. The study employs descriptive, quantitative,
and analytical methods, ut