Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences

Monitoring and maintaining solar cells is one of the most fundamental problems facing investors in Iraq at present. In addition, the efficiency of solar cells is unacceptable because of climate changes. Monitoring solar photovoltaic power generation with the Internet of Things can significantly improve the PV panel\'s performance, monitoring, and maintenance. Large-scale solar photovoltaic installations are encouraged by falling renewable energy equipment costs due to progress technology. Most solar photovoltaic plants are located in remote areas and thus cannot be monitored from a single location; complex systems are needed to automate plant monitoring remotely using web-based interfaces. The implementation of a new cost-effective IoT-based methodology for remotely monitoring a solar photovoltaic plant is discussed in this paper to enhance its performance. Preventive maintenance, fault detection, historical PV panel analysis, and real-time monitoring can become more accessible than the classical methods.

The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is still the most common controller and stabilizer used in industry due to its simplicity and ease of implementation. However, in most of the real applications, the controlled system has parameters that slowly vary or are uncertain. Thus, PID gains must be adapted to cope with such changes.

In this research, an Adaptive Proportional-Integral-derivative controller (APID) is proposed to control the 2-DOF lower limb rehabilitation robot system. The parameters gains of the proposed controller are optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO). The simulation results show no overshoot and zero steady-state error, but large settling time (ts=3.654 sec. for link1 and ts=2.844 sec. for link2) for linear path, and the actual path tracks the desired path with a large error for the nonlinear path. The results illustrate that the robot's performance is inefficient for linear and nonlinear paths when using the APID controller to control the lower limb rehabilitation robot. Therefore, the controller needs to modify for controlling the robot efficiently.

Basically, the durability of hydraulic structures is heavily influenced by concrete surface resistance against mechanical wear. Hydro-abrasion is the term used to describe deterioration of concrete surface inflicted by the continuous removal of surface material due to the effect of water-dragged solids. This type of cumulative damage for the surface of concrete may be seen in practically all hydraulic systems, in varying degrees of severity. Essentially, such hydro-abrasive concrete wear reduces the life span of the hydraulic structure, and as a result of the maintenance necessary, the facility's non-operation during the repair time increases costs. The impact employed by the flow inclination angle, density (sand concentration in water), and velocity were studied in this work. The three various angles (30°, 45°, and 60°) different densities (35 and 45 kg/m3), and different velocities of 600, 900, and 1200 rpm were numerically determined using the program of ANSYS and the discrete phase model (DPM) for simulating the fluid solids. According to the directed numerical simulation, the greatest rate of erosion was observed when the inclination angle of the flowing water was 60°, while the least value was obtained when the inclination angle of flow was 45°, in addition, the erosion rate increases as the density and velocity increases.

Information sources have developed considerably in recent years; many electronic platforms are able to provide valuable information regards engineering topics. One of the most important data sources is the open street map (OSM) platform, providing editable geographic information for most of the world, with different levels of accuracy and at different points in time. Road network mapping requires a high level of effort and accuracy, due to the complexity of the modelling and the amount of information that needs to be included in the feature class. OSM can support road network modelling by providing a different kind of data. In this paper, a systematic procedure was investigated for the production of an automated road network for Basrah city, as a case study for the use of OSM in Geographic Information System (GIS) 10.8 software. Specific spatial analysis tools such as road density and network analysis were also implemented. This study validated a computerised procedure to extract OSM data via two methods of validation and demonstrated the immediate applicability of this data for density and network analysis.

The research results show a significant reduction in time and effort required to produce an accurate Basrah city road network using OSM data sources. Density analysis and network analysis show the importance and validity of the produced road network.

An experimental study of a two-storey structure with a passive ventilation system is conducted in August, with the severe summer environment of Kut, Iraq. The experimental model consists of a solar chimney combined with a hybrid cooling system comprised of an Earth-air heat exchanger and an evaporative cooler. Each storey has a size of 1 m3, while the dimensions of the vertical solar chimney were 3m height, 1m width and 0.3m depth. The dimensions of the evaporative cooler were (0.3 * 0.3 * 0.6) m3; it has a two-nozzle water spray system and a low-power fan with a speed of 0.8 m/s. The Earth-air heat exchanger was 17 m long, 10.2 cm in diameter and 3 m deep under each floor. Two instances were investigated with and without EV for two separate daytimes (2-8-2021 and (3-8-2021). The findings revealed that EV increases the relative humidity inside each storey and enhances the thermal comfort rate. Based on recorded data, the relative humidity rate ranged from 35% to 42%, contrasted to the exterior relative humidity, which did not surpass 13%. In addition, the EV assisted in lowering the indoor temperature of each storey by 4 °C. Finally, due to the high solar radiation at the Kut city location in Iraq, the passive ventilation rates for the solar chimney were satisfactory for both storeys.

Cryptography is a main item to generate confidence and empower services in the digital technology, while Steganography has vastly expanded in digital medias. Although developing these technologies hackers has established new methods to hack confidential information. To overcome these challenges, we proposed algorithm that encrypts a message by using DNA encryption algorithm, then multiply the output by a factor then compress the multiplying message by using GZIP algorithm, the last stage is hiding a compressed message in (LSB) image pixels. By using image measures such that PSNR, MSE, SSIM, NPCR, UACI and the ratio of data compression up to 75% where reduced the image difference, we obtained a good result when we combined these technologies. This work contributes to reducing the risk of information breach when sending and receiving confidential information between parties.