Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Two slaughtering methods (with and without electrical stunning) for broilers were
used in this study, using 20 broilers (10 males and 10 females) at a rate of 5 birds for
each method. The results showed that there was a significant (P<0.01) increase in the
amount of blood collected from slaughtered females by using electrical stunning
method when compared with the females slaughtered without electrical method. The
amount of blood collected from male broilers of both gropes and methods showed no
significant differences. It was concluded that electrical stunning of broilers gave
better results of bleeding than birds stunned without electrical stunning. Moreover, it
does not object with Islamic believes since birds were alive at slaughter time.

A total of (180) feed samples were collected from three different parent stock flocks in
Nineveh governorate during the period between September till March 2003, to determine the
prevalence of salmonellae contamination of these samples. Fifteen isolates (8.3%) of six
salmonellae stereotypes were isolated. they were S. typhimurium (4) isolates (26.6%), S.
anatum (1) isolates (6.66%), S. good wood (3) isolates (20%), S. braenderup (3) isolates
(20%), S. senftenberg (3) isolates (20%) and S. Amsterdam (1) isolate (6.66%). All of the
isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantion but resistant to sulphamethoxazol, trimethoprim and
amoxicillin (100%).

Birth weight of 149 Friesian, 270 Sharabi and 121 crossbred calf's males and
females were utilized. The mortality rates have been obtained from birth until
weaning for each breed in males and females. Average birth weight in male's
survival group for Sharabi, Friesian and crossbred were 20.94, 30.82 and 30.19 kg
respectively, and in females were 18.42, 29.11 and 28.10 kg, respectively. Birth
weight in Sharabi was significantly different (P < 0.01) from Friesian and crossbred
in both males and females. In mortal group the birth weight was significantly (P <
0.01) less than survival group in both sexes and for each breed.
Mortality rate in males and females were (14.1%, 16.7%) in Friesian, (21.2%,
23.6%) in Sharabi and (8.8%, 7.5%) in crossbred respectively, which differ
significantly (P < 0.05) among breeds. But, no significant difference between males
and females was detected.
The Point–Biserial correlations between mortality and birth weight were
negative and highly significant for the three breeds in males and females. The
threshold point of birth weight values which gave the best efficiency, the efficiency
were for Friesian (89%, 85%), Sharabi (86%, 80%) and crossbred (93%, 94%) for
males and females calves respectively. The screening analysis for given threshold
were sensitivity, specificity, Fm, and Fc, as well as efficiency were determined.
Advantageous results were in least specificity, Fm and Fc, and in high efficiency
and sensitivity.
The threshold values of birth weight for classifying mortal and survival groups
were (25.6, 26.6 kg) in Friesian, (16.6, 16.1 kg) in Sharabi, and (24.6, 22.6 kg) in
crossbred in male and female, respectively

Fecal examination using floating technique with saturated sugar solution
revealed that the total infection rate with Eimeria spp. was 95.08% among 1140
slaughtered goats in Mosul abattoir. From October 2001 to July 2002 Nine species
were recorded .E. apsheronica ( 65.6%) , E. alijevi ( 53.6%), E. christenseni (36.5%) ,
E. arloingi (35.4%), E. ninakohylakimovae (26.4%), E. hirci (18.5%), E. pallida (
14.5%), E. jolchievi (11%), E. caprovina (8.5%). The highest infection rates were
found (96.7%) in October, 2001 and (100%) during January, April and July
2002, respectively. The incidence of infection among male goats was (95.7%) and
(92.3%) among females . Depending on the age groups, the results showed that the
incidence of infection was (100%) in goats 3-5 years old, and (93.9%) in goat kids
less than 1 year old. Multiple infection with more than 3 species was more common
(79.15%) , than single infection ( 7.38 %) .

Male broiler 1-day-old chicks were fed T-2 toxin at a rate of 8 mg/kg for 3 weeks,
to determine its effect on total leukocyte count; differential and absolute leukocyte
count; stress ratio (Heterophils / Lymphocytes ), (H/L); serum albumin and globulin’s
(α,β,δ )levels ; bursal weight index (BWI); bursal diameter index (BDI); Thymus
length index (TDI); histological changes in both bursa of Fabricious and thymus. The
results show that T-2 toxin had a significant negative effect on all of the above
mentioned parameters, with cortical thinning effect on both bursa of Fabricious and
thymus

This study elucidates the isolation of the enterococcus from faeces of chickens and
fellow up pathogenesis through the induction of Experimental infection in broiler chickens.
The study showed the development pathological lesions in the heart represented by vegetative
endocarditis, in liver represented by present of coagulative necrosis associated with
infiltration of lymphocytes around central vein, as well as sever fatty changes, also the lesion
included splenitis. Lung lesions characterized by presence of Bronchopneumonia and
infiltration of serous and sero-fibrinous exudates with localization of lipid vacuoles in the wall
of thoracic aorta & aortic arch.

In this study, the effects of autotransplantation and laser irradiation on the healing of
experimentally induced non-union fractures in the femoral bone were investigated clinically
and radiographically in 12 dogs. The fractures were left without fixation for 40 days and over,
and following the occurrence of non-union state the fractures were treated at 3 different
schedules in the experimental animals, which were divided into three groups, each containing 4
dogs:
Group 1 (Control): The non-union fractured femoral bones were treated by the routine
surgical procedures using intramedullary fixation achieved with Steinmann intramedullary
pins.
Group 2 (Intramedullary fixation with autotransplantation of bone marrow): Following the
surgical treatment of non-union fractured femoral bone and their fixation by the Steinmann
intramedullary pins (by the same procedure applied in group 1), 4-6 ml of fresh bone marrow
was implanted at the fracture site. The bone marrow was aspirated freshly and aseptically from
marrow cavity of the opposite femur from the same dog.
Group 3 (Autotransplantation of bone marrow with He: Ne I.R. Laser irradiation): In
addition to the procedures applied in group 2, the surgical site was exposed to laser irradiation
type He : Ne I.R. with a total dose of 2.7 J/cm2 for 12 irradiation sessions. Each daily
irradiation session was for a period of 5 min for 3 successive days, followed by one-day rest.
The concluded results were:
1- Autotransplantation of fresh bone marrow at the site of the treated non-union fractures has a
role in accelerating or improving the healing process, by promoting excessive callus formation,
whereby the fracture line disappeared at the end of the 4th post-treatment week. In comparison,
the callus in group 1 was characterized by its poor quality and the fracture line disappeared at
the end of the 5th post-treatment week.
2- The use of laser irradiation with autotransplantation of fresh bone marrow, greatly improved
the healing process by increasing the periosteal reaction and callus formation, and lead to
disappearance of the fracture line at the end of the 3rd post-treatment week. Furthermore, this
technique improved the functional use of the affected limb in comparisons with groups 1 and 2.
3- The laser irradiation made the remodeling stage shorter ( finished within about 3 months)
in comparison with groups 1 and 2, in which it continued for more than 3 months.

This study was conducted to determine the pathogenicity of six local isolates of
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) obtained form different area of Ninevah province.
Isolation procedures employed via fertile chicken eggs inoculation. This study
processed on the 4th passage of this isolate. Depending on the embryonic lesion
induced by this isolates, parallel with Mean Death time (MDT), Intravenous
Pathogenicity Index (IVPI) and Intra Cerebral Pathogenicity Index (ICPI). The results
of the study demonstrate that four of the isolates were highly pathogenic, while the
other two were mesogenics. The experimental infection using this isolate in broiler
chick revealed variability in respiratory signs and in mortality rates. However,
antibodies Hemagglutination titers (HI) showed elevation in all infected bird in the
first week post-infection (PI) and were more prominent in the second week of (PI).

The current study reveals that the total percentage of infection with
Eimeria spp oocysts 57.14% , eleven species were diagnosed , according to their
percentage they are : E. exigua 38.57% , E. perforans 32.85% , E. nagpurensis
25.71% , E. elongata 17.14%, E.stiedai 15.71%, E. media 14.28% , E. coecicola
14.28% , E. irresidua 10% , E. matsubayashii 8.57% , E. magna 5.71% and E.
intestinalis 5.71% . Infection with three species of Eimeria or more was most frequent
in rabbits with percentage 67.5%. The total infection with Cryptosporidium spp was
58.57%. The modified acid fast (hot stain) technique diagnosed all positive cases
while the flotation with sheather’s sugar solution and iodine stain techniques were
42.85%, 48.57%, respectively

Two commercial types of Hydro pericardium Hepatitis Syndrome (HHS) oily
inactivated vaccines were evaluated. The first was (Angavac) French in origin (Merial
Co.) & the 2nd is (Nobilis Hepatitis) Holland in origin (Intervet Co.). A unified
program of vaccination had been used for both vaccines. One & ten days old chicks
١٣٦
المجلة العراقية للعلوم البيطرية، المجلد،١٩ العدد ،٢ ٢٠٠٥(١٤١-١٣٥)
were vaccinated by subcutaneous & intramuscular route of injection with both
vaccines in each age separately . Serum antibodies titer weekly measured by using
Indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) & agar gel diffusion test. Challenge test at 4
week of age was done by virulent avian adeno virus serotype – 4 (VAAV-4) as well
as virulent field isolate was used as challenge virus. The result showed highest
antibodies titer at week age. Angavac vaccine gave highest titer than Nobilis Hepatitis
vaccine & IHA was more sensitive than AGDT. All groups vaccinated with Angavac
gave 100% protection in challenge test with (VAAV-4) at 28 days. While in Holland
vaccine the protection ratio was 60-80% only, but the ratio of protection of both
vaccines did not exceed than 40-50% when the field isolate was used as challenge
.viru

This study has been carried out in order to investigate the present of some
endo and ecto parasite through the examination 30 of domestic rabbits of both
sexes was 2 months – 2 years old. Our results revealed, (23) were infected
(76.6%) Oocysts of Eimeria spp showed the highest percentage (73.9%) followed
by the eggs of nematodes and Cestodes represented as Passalurus ambiguus
,Trichuris leporis , Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, Oblelescoides cuniculi,
Graphidium stigosum, Capillaria hepatica, Nematodirus leporis, Cittotaenia
ctenoides, 52.1%, 30.4%, 17.3%, 13.04%, 8.6%., 4.3 % , 4.3%, 21.7% ,
respectively. Our results diagnosed One species of adult cestodes Cittotaenia
ctenoides in percentage 4.3% also we observed Cysticercus pisiformis of adult
parasite Taenia pisiformis at 8.6%.Species of nymphs Linguatula serrata) tongue
worm) in domestic rabbits were diagnosed with percentage (17.3%) and it is the
first report in Mosul / Iraq. Mixed infection was most common with no
significant differences appeared between males and females and between ages.

This study has been applied on broilers which were given vaccine prepared from
sporulated oocyst of E. tenella that attenuated by X-ray (10, 15, and 20) K rad, in its 1st day
with dose 1×104
oocyt/bird orally; Levamisole was used as an immunomodulator with
15mg/kg- body weight gains during 4 days after vaccination. Broilers were divided to 8
groups challenging was performed in 22 days of the immunized groups and 7thgroup by
sporulated oocyst 6×104oocyst/bird. After challenge recording the quantity of the consumed
feed, weight gains, and some immune examinations were also applied like: Phagocytes,
delayed hypersensitivity test and organ index.

The results reveal that the natural infection of domestic rabbits with
Cysticercus pisiformis was 68.18% from 22 rabbits. The postmortem changes
revealed prescience of peticial hemorrhage beneath capsule and parenchyma of the
liver with large number of larval cysts attached at the liver, peritoneum and
diaphragm and others found within the peritoneal cavity. Histopatholgical changes of
the liver tissue were showed necrosis of hepatic cells with highly infiltration of
inflammatory cells especially lymphocytes around the portal area in addition to
deposit of haemosidrin pigment. Larval stage reached to adult stage after 45 days in
the final host (dogs) and the morph metric study was indicated that the species of the
parasite is Taenia pisiformis.

Moxidectin is a second generation semi-synthetic Macrocyclic Lactone of
the Milbemycins family, which have a broad spectrum of activity against external and
internal parasite including Oestrus ovis and hypodermatosis. A trial was conducted to
identify the efficacy of moxidectin against the natural infection of cattle with larvae of
screw worm fly Chrysomya bezziana. A dose of 0.2 mg/ kg b.wt. (1 ml /50kg b. wt.)
S.C . which was found to be very effective for more than 40 days? The trial shows
the effect of Moxidectin is over that of Ivermectin in re-infection of the animal.
No side effects & no abnormal behaviors, was noticed on the animals treated with
Moxidectin during the trial.

This study searched the microscopical effects of garlic oil at a dose of 50 mg daily
for 60 days on tissues of heart , liver, and kidney in female rabbits. The results
revealed hyperatrophy in cardiac myocyte, acute cell swelling in hepatocyte and
epithelial cells that lined renal tubules. Complete lipid profile was also described.
The study also proved that garlic oil had a good antioxidant effects toward
the meliorating progression of atherumatous lesion. Antioxidative effects also
explained by significant reduction in lipid profile parameters (except an elevation in
HDL-C), as well as elevation in tissue GSH and reduction of tissue MDA, as
compared with control group. One more result , this study was suggest on the
therapeutic efficiency of garlic oil and vitamin E for 15 days after exposure to
hydrogen peroxide for 60 days. The therapeutic effects interpret within the significant
reduction in the level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, VLDL-C, atherogenic
index and significant increase in the level of HDL-C. In addition to significant
increase in the level of GSH and significant decrease in the level of MDA. The
histopatholgical changes, reveled less reduction in atherosclerotic lesions. This study
concluded that garlic oil have a capability to decrease the level of lipid profile as
antiatherogenic. In addition, the ability to decrease the level of lipid peroxidation
MDA, and to increase the level of GSH as antioxidant.

This study was done for the detection of capsulated Staphylococcus aureus
strains which isolated from bovine & buffaloes Mastitis . 23 ( 57.5 %) & 8 ( 53 %)
strains of these bacteria were isolated , 6 (26 %) & 2 (13.3 %) were capsule
producing strains, and that 9 ( 39.1 %) & 4 (26.6 %) were slime producing
strains, as well as an increase in number of capsules and slim producing strains
were observed following growing of these bacteria in culture media
containing glucose, milk. The experimentally histo- pathological study
revealed presence of capsules in lung sections stained with Hematoxylin – Eosin as
a halo area which appears around the bacterial cells . In edittion to a strong positive
reaction with periodic acid shiffs

The present experiment was conducted to study the possibility for using single
layer of modified suture technique and to compare it with interrupted horizontal
mattress suture technique. Clinical, radiographical and histopathological studies of
anastomotic site have been made, 15 and 30 postoperative days in two groups. Results
showed that the intestinal anastomosis with modified technique was associated with
minimum adhesion, less degree of stenosis, healing by formation of granulation tissue
and complete formation of villi at 30 days. While, intestinal anastomosis with
interrupted horizontal mattress suture was associated with sever adhesion , major
luminal stenosis, healing by increase formation of fibrous tissue, thinning of
epithelium layer and the mucosa was not complete at 30 days.