Journal of college of Law for Legal and Political Sciences

This study sheds light on electronic judicial notifications, because the need has become urgent to follow a new method in judicial notifications in light of the development of life and in light of the Corona pandemic and its aftermath.
This study mentioned the regular or traditional judicial notifications contained in the Jordanian Civil Procedure Code and its amendments No. 24 of 1988 AD, which are: personal notification, notification by those living in the house or by the legal representative, notification by posting, and notification by publication. The electronic notifications were highlighted by explaining what these notifications are and when they started, and how they are approved by Jordanian courts and judicial authorities, then explaining the stages and procedures of electronic judicial notifications, and then stating the advantages and disadvantages of this type of notifications.
This study has concluded several results and recommendations, the most important of which is the need to develop legislation or legal texts that govern this type of notification.

The administrative authorities in the state are responsible for implementing the law and carrying out their legal work, so they need legal opinions to help them in their mission to avoid making mistakes when issuing their administrative decisions. In his view of the issues presented to him, as he is considered a government advisor, so the legislation regulating the role of the State Council differed in explaining the legal nature of advisory decisions. Adapting advisory decisions, and the decisive factor in this is through obligating the administrative authorities to the content of the advisory decision when making the administrative decision.

Anyone who thinks that the court’s authority depends on the principle of the supremacy of the litigants in the case is mistaken, but on the contrary, the court casts its weight in this field to reach the level of filing the lawsuit in a way that secures the realization of the public interest in the judicial work. Rather, it is the embodiment of the effective role played by the court and it is in the process of running the litigation in a way that achieves the public interest in the judicial procedures to prevent the maze of chaos in the judicial work.

"The board of directors of the joint-stock company may perform fraudulent acts and behaviors that harm the company and its creditors in the company's bankruptcy stage, which leads to a breach of the principle of equal creditors on which the bankruptcy system is based, and the aim of these actions is to harm creditors by misleading them and deceiving them to prevent them from fulfilling their rights with money The company, which leads to the responsibility of the board of directors for the actions that are issued from it and harmful, because it leads to a decrease in the capital of the company, which is the general guarantee for these creditors"

the contracts of subscription in communications services has certain effects because there are some obligations imposed on the to contracting parties. These parties are not allowed to breach their obligation one of the important obligations of the parties is supplying the service of information. He is obliged to ensure the communications for the subscriber through a net. He is obliged to keep the secrecy and the privacy of the subscriber and the communications. If is expected that this party might commit a breach , in this case there are certain sanctions imposed on him. These sections depend on the nature of the breach and whether he commits the breach of contractual obligation or any other kind of breach . In this case , the contract will be delictual responsibility if there is a breach in the obligation .On the other hand , there will be a contractual responsibility of there is a breach in the responsibility of the information and if there is any breach in the terms of the contract and also if there are a tort,damage and causality

Consensus comes in the third place among the agreed upon universal Shariah evidence; It is preceded by both the Qur’an and the established Sunnah, and it is followed by analogy with what its ruling is stipulated in them. For this reason, it was incumbent on the mujtahids to consider achieving consensus. Because this is so important; As some may claim that it occurred in a place where it is not accepted that it is proven; Because one of its conditions is missing or there is an impediment that prevents it from being established, and on the contrary, some may try to violate it on the pretext that it did not convene, and it is not, in order to achieve its essence and to meet its conditions in the past. Therefore, I chose to have the study titled: …

The summary of what we reached when we discussed the subject of the intermediary’s role in financial transactions (a comparative study) is that the electronic mediator is merely a representative of the user (a communication tool) and it cannot be granted the legal personality that is granted to natural and legal persons, and that the user is the one who bears responsibility for the damages that may befall him. It is caused by the electronic medium of others, and despite the many advantages that this program or electronic means is characterized by in terms of its independence from the user person and his ability to take the initiative in negotiating, offering or accepting, and despite his high flexibility in interacting and adapting to his environment ( its user and other electronic intermediaries), but it remains an electronic program vulnerable to hacking or piracy by illegal activists on various modern means of communication. It has the necessary security and confidence to ensure the conduct of electronic commercial transactions between countries

Mitigating the effects of armed conflicts is one of the most important goals that international humanitarian law seeks to achieve, as it seeks to mitigate the impact of armed conflicts and protect human rights. It has negative impacts on human rights. The best solution to mitigate the effects of these armed conflicts is for the international community to work to remove that division between its two sects, given the disappearance and disappearance of the factors that created that division, in order to generalize protection to all its victims regardless of the parties to the armed conflict, for there is no doubt that the abolition of this division contributes It makes a significant contribution to providing protection for all affected by armed conflict

This study examined the impact of the sports sponsorship contract in terms of people through the statement of the parties to this contract, namely (the sponsor) and (the beneficiary of the sports sponsorship) because this contract does not differ from the general rule of contracts as there must be two parties to the contract, but with that The effect of the contract may extend to other people who are not contracting, so this study dealt with the role of third part in the implementation of the sports sponsorship contract or the implementation of the contract for the benefit of this third party, and besides the third party, there is someone who works to bring the views of the parties to the contract closer, which is the mediator. and the most important results we have reached is that the sports sponsor is obligated under the sports sponsorship contract to provide support to the beneficiary of the sports sponsorship, whether this support is in cash, or in the form of services In return, the sponsor is obligated to introduce the sponsor or its products or services, in addition to that, third parties have a role in the sports sponsorship contract…
The study also found that there are legislative shortcomings in the laws regulating sports activity in Iraq, so the most important recommendations of the research is to amend the Sports Professionalism Law No. 60 of 2017 by adding some texts related to the sports sponsorship contract.

At the end of year 2019 a new type of virus appeared and disseminated in various states world-wide, the first of which was china. Within a short period of time this virus could penetrate all the frontiers to become a pandemic. and the available hygienic and scientific methods in the scientifically-advanced states have not been able to get rid of its dissemination, or to find the successful treatments. Therefore the world suffered from a big international hygienic crisis. Although many states launched profound scientific studies to confront this pandemic. The states and international organizations were confronted with a complicated problem, that is to say, to commit their international and national duties and obligations to confront and contain the pandemic, and the extent to which these procedures influence human rights and liberties. The international covenant of economic, social and cultural rights issued by the general assembly of the united nations of 1966 forces the governments to take efficient steps towards the protection from epidemic, endemic and other diseases, and their treatment and prevention. Therefore the article (12) provides for the duty of the contracting parties of the covenant to enable each human being to enjoy the highest level of health, and the necessity of protection from epidemic and endemic diseases and their treatment and prevention. These obligation have been ratified in the international hygienic regulations of 2005, which represent a legislative framework to confront international hygienic threats, including new or old diseases and pandemics, by obliging states with economic and hygienic standards, and providing the assistance to poor states. Therefore, the articles 21, 22 of the constitution of the world health organization award, the international health society, the highest decision-making body, the jurisdiction to issue binding regulations in various fields, including international hygienic regulations of 2005.

The Corona epidemic is one of the epidemics that swept the whole world, which prompted the World Health Organization to classify it as a global pandemic, as it called it the term pandemic, because it represents a threat to humanity and threatens the right to life, which constitutes the first and most prominent of the rights, which prompted most countries, including Iraq, to declare The state of health emergency and taking a set of preventive measures to limit the spread of the Corona epidemic through decisions issued by the Supreme Committee for Occupational Health and Safety, which had a negative impact on basic individual rights and freedoms.
In this research, we shed light on the effectiveness of the organizational decisions taken by the Health Administrative Control Authority, which restrict many rights and freedoms while facing the Corona pandemic, as this pandemic represents a great surprise to the world, as no one was able to predict its occurrence, address its results, or reduce the its risks at the level of the health field or other fields, despite the fact that countries have taken many measures to contain the disease and limit its spread, On the other hand, this pandemic in the field of law revealed to us what laws, whether in Iraq or comparative legislation, suffer from legislative shortcomings left behind by this new circumstance, and in light of this legislative shortcoming that addresses this emergency circumstance, it required us to show in this study the effectiveness of decisions and procedures The executive and legal authority taken by the Health Administrative Control Authority in Iraq to confront this pandemic.

Central Asia is witnessing a major rebalancing with the rise of China as one of the most influential players in the region. The rise of China in Central Asia is due to its broader view of the region's access, its open appetite for energy sources and its abundant reserves in Central Asia, as it expands in the region from commercial investments, loans, and investment bank Asian in infrastructure and several other components. China, unlike the West, does not demand any kind of political reforms from Central Asian governments.
The lack of a stated political agenda, with the exception of regional stability that Beijing sees achievable through economic development, makes China particularly attractive to local governments. According to a report by Paul Stronsky, a researcher specializing in the Carnegie Endowment, translating the Syrian newspaper, Qasioun, the Chinese presence is expanding throughout the former Soviet Eurasia, as its geopolitical and geoeconomic influence appears to be enormous in Central Asia. Here, China learned how to manage the Russians' fears and coordinate with them to develop its influence in the region. With the Belt and Road expected to increase Chinese influence throughout Eurasia, including Russia, maintaining a positive dynamic with Moscow in Central Asia will remain one of the most important tests that Chinese diplomacy will face.

Nowadays, It is a common fact the increasing importance of social media platforms as they have become interfering almost in all aspects and levels of human lives. For this reason, it is necessary for the legislature and the governments to secure people’s access to them with different and strong technical procedures and legislative measures

We have dealt with certain legal aspects that protect the parties to the franchise contract in the light of the technical and technical development and the attendant violation and aggression against the secrets of the place of the contract.We have addressed the protection of the parties to the contract at the stage of negotiations, which is prior to the contract, and at the stage of its implementation by indicating what constitutes the obligation to confidentiality, its legal nature, its scope and its legal basis.

The position of the judiciary is one of the most important and honorable position in society for those who fulfill it to the fullest, and on the other hand, the position of the judiciary is one of the most dangerous positions, and those who assume it may suffer a great sin if he does not fulfill his right fully.
As for a woman’s assumption of this position, the jurists differed, so the majority of jurists are of the opinion that it is not permissible for a woman to assume the position of judge, and the sin of those who appoint her to this position and her judiciary is not implemented, and the alhanfya goes to the inadmissibility of her assuming the judiciary, but if she assumes the judiciary despite her sin, but her judiciary is enforceable, and some go Jurists are of the opinion that it is permissible for her to take up the judiciary at all, and others go to the permissibility of her assuming the judiciary only in matters of money and what only women can see, i.e., except for the punishments and retribution .As for the law, most of the legislations, including the Iraqi legislation, have gone to the permissibility of a woman assuming the position of judge without restricting her own condition because she is a woman As long as she fulfills the general conditions required for assuming the position of judge, she can assume the position of judge, and this is what is currently in effect in Iraqi courts

The duty to protect workers from work hazards rests with the employer, as this requires the provision of the necessary medical care, but whatever precautions are taken to reduce these accidents, there are a large number of risks to which the worker is exposed, such as an injury or an occupational disease that may Cause physical and health damage to him, for which he deserves compensation, and that the right to compensation or a pension salary commensurate with the degree of disability will remain ink on paper unless the worker receives it, as disputes often arise between the worker and the employer in this regard, which requires resorting to the judiciary, For the specificity of this type of dispute, it goes through a set of special procedures.

Citizenship is a social, legal and political idea that has contributed significantly to the development of human society as well as promoting the state to equality, justice and equity, democracy and transparency, partnership and the guarantee of rights and duties. Therefore, they are very important because they work to raise the differences and differences between the components of society and the state in the context of civilized stampede, and go to manage them within the framework of dialogue to allow for strengthening the cohesing of society and attaching the citizen to his country and state. It pushes him to develop his society in general and his homeland in particular and to defend him in the face of different pains. (Activating the right to citizenship in society is the effective mechanism for reducing sectarian, ethnic and gender conflicts in any society.... On the basis of equality and non-discrimination. (Citizenship as a constitutional and political principle and reference does not eliminate the process of stampede and competition in social space, controlled by the controls of the nation and its unity based on respect for diversity and not on its denial, and seeking legal and peaceful means to benefit from this diversity in strengthening the rule of national unity So that everyone feels that their future depends on them, and that they do not constitute a denial of their privacy, but an area to express them by harmonious means, the law of difference, the prospects of the times and the gains of civilization. The concept of citizenship is not complete at the realistic level, Except with the emergence of the human state. Which preserves the citizen's different rights and requires duties towards his state, in the sense that it reserves the state's rights towards citizens. It increases the confidence of the citizen and the State towards each other, thereby achieving the cohesion of the social fabric of society and leading to a partnership in the development of society through both the citizen and the State; Ensures equality, justice and equity between citizens before the law and the services of institutions, in front of the public service and positions in the state, in the face of participation in responsibilities on an equal footing, in the face of the distribution of public wealth, as well as in the face of duties of paying taxes and military service and preserving and defending the homeland ... Citizenship is the individual right of all citizens to determine the destiny of the country and enjoy all its bounties.

The birth of the information age The transformation of societies from traditional to information societies It is very important at the moment People can no longer dispense with information technology that became the backbone of life Which made the world a small global village It has penetrated the work of all economic, administrative and commercial sectors Including banks The so-called electronic banks have appeared Which prompted some countries to find a legal organization that governs and regulates their work. It takes into account the special requirements of this bank and its activities Which resulted from the fact that the concept of establishing and operating an electronic bank Which is done over the internet It differs from the concept and operation of traditional banks This has posed great challenges in this field, as its services are indispensable to any commercial activity

The establishment of the International Criminal Court is a major turning point in the framework of international criminal law, and the international community has thus somehow achieved the desired goal of achieving international justice. The Tribunal is a permanent international judicial organ for the prosecution of the most serious international crimes of concern to the international community Within its competence of the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, with jurisdiction over the crime of aggression after defining it, Since its establishment, the positions of the countries opposing it have varied, which constitute obstacles in the exercise of its jurisdiction. These countries are the United States of America, as well as other internal obstacles, namely, the lack of cooperation between States and the Court.

One of the requirements of tax work is that there should be a close and reciprocal relationship between the parties to the tax relationship who are both the tax administration and the taxpayer the taxpayers income vocabulary and maintaining the confidentiality of information and data and everything related to the taxpayers activity and the information and data contained in his records and commercial books about his income and activity in order to achieve stability in the tax work and so that the taxpayer dose not hesitate to provide all the information that pertains to him and the taxable income in order to achieve the balance between two interests the public interest represented by by supplying the treasury with funds and a private interest representing the taxpayers interest in preserving the information of his activity that he practices and the inadmissibility of third party accessing it except in the cases authorized by law.

In view of the importance and subjectivity of inspection distinct from other investigation procedures, the study was subjected to this procedure in the light of information systems, and considering that all procedures of the criminal case, including the inspection, are restricted by procedural legitimacy and what comes out of it is void, we tried to limit the scope of the study to demonstrate the adequacy of traditional legislative rules in conducting the inspection on Informatics systems, our study aimed at researching the concept of informational inspection and then determining the traditional controls and their suitability for conducting the inspection in the digital environment no

The arbitrator is one of the most important components of the arbitral process and one of its most important tools, since the task performed by the arbitrator is considered the cornerstone and the main engine for the success of the control system as a parallel means to the judiciary to settle disputes, and as he performs his task according to the will and agreement of the parties to the litigation to take over the task of adjudicating their opponents, thus he acquires the status of The judge according to the one who took the judicial theory to the task of the arbitrator because he issues judgments that have the authority of the res judicata, and because his choice was made based on the administration of the free parties, most of the legal legislations required conditions that must be met by those who assumed the task of arbitration as a guarantee for the parties that the arbitrator performs his task in general, and special conditions left To manage the litigation parties according to their agreement to choose these terms.

Investment provides returns that help countries in building other countries, if the investment is properly exploited and the ingredients that push it to achieve the main goal and describe the country to the ranks of developed countries in the field of investment, as Iraq is one of the countries in which investment is weak despite the issuance of a law Investment in Iraq No. (13) for the year 2006, which is a comprehensive of all investment activities in all its industrial, commercial, agricultural and service aspects, for many reasons, the first of which was the economic sanctions imposed on the economy in the nineties of the last century, and the security and political instability after the change of the political system after 2003. The research reached the most important conclusions, the most important of which was the lack of clear mechanisms and formulas governing investor rights, as well as an overlap in some powers of a number of official, executive and supervisory authorities related to the investment environment as a result of the overlapping laws that determine their validity. It encourages attracting foreign investors due to its importance in transferring technology and development to the inside to.

The mind of invention is one of the inventors,mental and physical efforts of The inventor,and it is abirth certificate that guarantees the inventor benefiting from his inventor,investing in it,and exploiting especially after the importance of patents has recently increased and its promise is considered an element of industriel and commercial property ,and its impact has become evident in industrial and technological .As aconsequence of the foreqoing ,the various Arab and foreighlegelsystems were been to find appropriate legislations that provide legal protection toclarity the rights arising from patents and the authority of the inuentor to repel the assault issued by others on the inuentor the patent This study was amodest,contribution to give an ldea of thepotent of the invention,itslegalorganization,its industrial and commereialimportance, and its impact on industrial and technological progress and finding the legal basis for debtor liability yesulting from the patent in fringement.

The topic of the research deals with "the legal consequences of the crime of refraining from submitting a financial disclosure statement"; As this crime has legal effects represented in the substantive, procedural and administrative effects, and these effects are of great importance and place among the topics of criminal law; It affects the personal rights and freedoms of the offender, as it affects the offender’s job relationship; As this crime is committed by officials or those charged with a public service.We have tried to explain the legal effects of this crime through the folds of the research, and it turns out that these effects are represented in the penalties of imprisonment and a fine, which represent the objective effects. As for the convict, finally or temporarily, and the cases of achieving this termination of the job relationship, namely dismissal, dismissal, contract termination and expulsion. The research concluded with a conclusion that included the most important results and recommendations that were reached, and among the important results: that the legally prescribed penalties for the crime of refraining from providing disclosure, which represent the objective effects of this crime (imprisonment or a fine) came in proportion to the crime, and the position of the Iraqi judiciary in granting The authority has the right to appeal the decisions and judgments issued in the criminal case arising from corruption crimes, including the crime in question that violates the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Law of the Integrity Commission; Because these laws did not grant the commission the right to appeal the criminal cases that are being investigated by one of the commission’s investigators, because the commission’s law was limited to granting it this right to criminal cases arising from corruption crimes that are being investigated by parties other than the commission’s investigators. As for the most important proposals, they are calling on the Integrity Commission to activate the role granted to it by law within the scope of the criminal case arising from this crime, and calling on the Integrity Commission to activate Cabinet Resolution No. (91) of 2017 regarding instructions No. 2 of 2017 that include instructions for financial disclosure Which he issued based on the provisions of Item (Third) of Article (80) of the Constitution, in particular Article (12) of the above instructions (initiating a criminal case from the commission against the taxpayer.

The idea of the study revolves around that the media is one of the most important tools of society in the modern era, as it has the ability to reach a large audience through mass communication, and to have a clear impact on supporting women by focusing on women’s participation in political and social life, as it constitutes the issue of empowering women and activating their role Among the most prominent issues that occupied the knowledge and political field, and the field of women’s rights, and given the importance of women in society, the importance of employing modern media by raising awareness and educating the community about its importance for its integration and empowerment to serve the community, as well as its equality with men in the enjoyment of its various human and legal rights on the one hand and raising Her morale and ability with her ability and capabilities, if she is involved in all aspects of life on the other hand, and the research aims to identify the possibility of employing the media to empower women to participate politically, socially and economically and to show the effective media tools in changing negative societal behaviors and beliefs towards women, and here an important question arises How does the media affect the empowerment and support of women? Therefore, the research sheds light on clarifying the concept of women's empowerment, its importance and objectives, and focuses on the responsibility and importance of the media in empowering women and clarifying their position to be an effective member of society, and the inclusion of electronic media technologies that pertain to women. The research concluded that the media contributes to pushing towards achieving women's empowerment It contributes to the follow-up and control of the implementation of legal texts and the statement of the most important challenges facing the empowerment of women. The tremendous development in information and communication technology and its use to serve women.