Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

The random uses of androgenic anabolic steroids such as dianabol (Alpha pharma)
especially among young people and adolescent could have harmful effects on health
.The aim of this study is to investigate the possible harmful effects of oral
administration of dianabol on the histology and hormones levels of the thyroid gland
in female rats. The study was carried out in the animal house ( College of
veterinaryMedicine / University of Al-Qasim Green . Twenty four female rats
(Rattus rattus ) were divided into 4 groups , three groups were given dianabol orally
at the concentrations of (0.05 , 0.1 , 0.2) mg/kgvrespectively on daily basis for six
weeks , and the fourth group, served as a control group, was injected by (0.9%Nacl).
Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine(T3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were
estimate, Histological study included the histopathological changes in thyroid gland
tissue. The results showed a significant increase (p< 0.05) in the levels of TSH, T4,
and T3 compared with the control group .This study also showed changes in the
thyroid tissue that included hyperplasia of thyroid follicles, colloid material in most
follicles, little or no increase in the size of follicles which suggest that increased dose
of dianabol leads to pathological (Physiological and histological) changes noticeable
in most of the studied criteria.

Defects in insulin secretion by the pancreas and due to the cells may not respond properly
to insulin, hyperglycemia or diabetes will be occurred and cause to the failure in the eyes, heart,
kidneys and liver function. Nowadays, researchers looking for natural adjunct treatments to
control diabetes. Camel milk is having anti-diabetic activity possibly because of insulin like
protein (about 52 units/liter), that covered by fat micelles and can be an effective alternative for
insulin to treat type 1 and 2 and gestational diabetes. It is proved that camel milk is safe and
effective in improving long-term glycemic in the human patients and animal’s models. In one
study, daily consumption of 500 mL raw camel milk for 16 week in type 1 diabetic patients
(average age 20 years) decreased daily insulin dose and blood sugar. Also raw camel milk in
type 1 diabetic cases for 52 week and 3 months caused to significant reduction in HbA1c, mean
blood glucose and 30% reduction in required insulin dose. Type 2 diabetics cases consumed 500
mL pasteurized camel milk for two months, that mean insulin concentration was significantly
increased by the camel milk, but fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, blood pressure and insulin
resistance did not influence. Therefore, according to the studies, raw camel milk in type 1
diabetes patients caused to increase insulin secretion, reduce required insulin and insulin
resistance. Camel milk has immune-modulatory effects on the pancreas β-cells. Camel milk
influences insulin secretion via the proper activity of the pancreatic cells and insulin receptors.
Also this special milk improves diabetes complications such as dysfunction in the kidney and
liver function and diabetic wounds. In general, although according to the clinical trials, the raw
camel milk by 500 mL/day improved risk factors in diabetic patients. But it appears that more
scientific studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of processing’s methods of camel milk
on diabetes cases.

The current study was carried out to demonstrate the ability of chicken lice
Menacanthus stramineus to transmit Toxoplasma gondii by using PCR technique. The
blood was collected from the jugular vein of 85 chickens infested with ectoparasites
to investigate the existence of Toxoplasma gondii by latex agglutination test. The
results showed that 42 (49.41%) of chicken were infected with lice, lice samples of
Menacanthus stramineus were collected from chickens infected with T.gondii for
PCR investigation to confirm the presence of T.gondii in lice tissues and the results
were revealed the presence of T. gondii B1 genein 18(42.85 %) samples.

Sheep pox is an enzootic disease in Iraq and the regional countries. A huge amount of money either
spent on vaccines or lost due to the morbidities every year. For unknown reason, sometimes vaccination
is not efficient enough to provide the required protection. We conducted this study to investigate the
effect of the most popular pox vaccine on some physiological parameters, which may reflect any
adverse effect on the body. We used twelve adult ewes, divided into two groups (6/each); the first group
is the control, injected with normal saline (0.9% NaCl) intradermal, whereas the vaccine was injected
similarly in the animals of the other group. Blood samples were obtained weekly before and after the
treatment onset. Results revealed that there are changes in blood count parameters, starting from the
vaccination time (the second week). Interestingly, RBC count was decreased just after the vaccination,
whereas, a significant (p≤ 0.05) decreased in the WBC was also observed, with consequent significant
changes in the differential leukocytes count (DLC), These changes were accompanied with signs of reelevation
after two weeks of vaccination. In conclusion, there are unexpected changes in the RBC count
result from pox vaccination. Furthermore, the developing of immunity starts with a decrease in the
WBCs, which needs more than two weeks to restore the normal value.

This study tends to survey of common problems and diseases of fish aquaculture projects at
Raparin administration area which have 76 projects, three species of Cyprinidae, common carp, grass
carp, silver carp, in earthen and concrete ponds. By achieve the history of the disease outbreaks and
understanding management strategies which applied by farmers, on this bases the collection of samples
from different cases at different regions of Raparin area, clinical examinations done. The results of this
study indicate the blow diseases and problems of fish aquaculture projects. Bacterial infections,
hemorrhagic septicemia, Bacterial enteritis, Infectious dropsy, skin ulceration. Fungal infections,
Saprolegniosis, epizootic ulcerative syndrome. Parasitic infections, Gyrodyctylus infection,
Ductylogyrus infection, Argulosis. Bad management represented by poor nutrition, low applying
oxygen, and bad water quality.

The cats might severely affected and became carrier for Hemoplasma spp., so
the current study were aimed to investigate hemoplasmosis in cate in Basarh city,
Iraq.This work was conducted via examine (20) cats of local cat breeds in Basarh
city, using their blood samples for stained smear and blood parameters.The Giemsa
stained blood smears revealed seven (35%) cats infected with Hemoplasmosis.
However, thirteen (65%) was found negative. Diseased cats show pale and or/icteric
mucos membranes, dehydration, emaciation, loos of appetite, and weakness,
Moreover , a significant increase of body temperature, respiratory and heart rate was
indicated. Results was also show a significant decrease of RBC,HB and PCV of
diseased cats which reflected Normocytic Normochromic type of anemia
.Hemoplasma spp. of infected cats appears round or rod shape singular or chained
located on the cell membranes of the infected erythrocytes .It was concluded that
feline mycoplasmosis lead to deleterious effects which might terminated with death
of affected cats .