Kerbala International Journal of Management and Economics

Abstract
The aim of this research is to demonstrate the impact of dynamic capabilities in their dimensions (sensing ability, learning ability, integration ability, coordination ability) on achieving strategic success with its indicators (survival, adaptation, growth) in our Iraqi organizations based on ready-made standards. To achieve this goal, the research followed the descriptive and analytical approach, as the questionnaire tool was relied on in collecting primary data by (49) respondents as an intentional sample from the College of Administration and Economics, University of Karbala, as the current research community. A set of necessary statistical analyzes and tests were used, and statistical programs (SPSS V.25; Excel, 2010) were used to process the data. The results of the research confirm its main hypotheses that there is a significant influence on the dimensions of the dynamic capabilities in achieving strategic success through its indicators. The research concluded with several recommendations, the most prominent of which was the need to focus on deepening and developing the dynamic capabilities of the college and the research community in order to sustain its success at the strategic level through technical support and the establishment of development courses at all levels.

Abstract
This research aims to demonstrate the impact of green human resource management practices in promoting entrepreneurial success. The research started with a major problem that included several questions, the most important of which was (Are the research companies applying GHRM practices and what is their impact in promoting entrepreneurial success?). The research community included four food industry companies in some governorates of the Middle Euphrates, and the research sample reached (130) individuals from companies officials, in addition to the staff of the Human Resources Management Department. The questionnaire was used as a main tool in collecting data and information necessary for research. For the purpose of statistical analysis and data processing, the research relied on a set of statistical methods available in the two programs (SPSS V.24; Amos V.23). The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of two associations, an association with significant statistical significance between green human resource management practices and entrepreneurial success. Finally, the research concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of investing the positive impact of green human resource management practices in entrepreneurial success through the research companies setting pre-emptive plans and deepening job awareness among the sample to benefit from these green practices in enhancing entrepreneurial success.

Abstract
The objective of the research is to shed light on the dark side of leadership and abusive behaviour through understanding the negative effect of abusive leadership on service provision performance. The problem of the research is formulated in two main questions which are “does the abusive leadership of the head departments influence service provision performance of teachers to Basrah university students? And what is the role of job burnout in this influence?” To answer these two questions, the theoretical framework is formulated building on the research hypotheses. A questionnaire is used as a tool for data collection. The data were analyzed by using a number of statistical methods to explore the results via using (SPSS V22) and (Amos V22). The results show there is a significant influence of abusive leadership behavior of the head departments on teachers’ service provision performance under the mediation of job burnout through its dimentions (Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Diminished personal accomplishment). This means the influence of abusive leadership behaviours is indirect on service provision performance. The research also provides some recommendations as well as future studies that may help in conducting future studies.

Abstract
The current research seeks to determine the nature of the influencing relationships and the correlation between moral intelligence and marketing prowess at the level of Zain Iraq Telecom Company in Al-Muthanna Governorate. To achieve this, moral intelligence was measured on three sub-dimensions (empathy, conscience, self-censorship), while the marketing prowess was measured. Through three dimensions, namely (exploring opportunities, exploiting opportunities, marketing flexibility), the descriptive and analytical approach was relied on in presenting the research topics. The questionnaire was also used as a main tool in collecting data and information. The sample was (40) workers in Zain Iraq Telecom, Muthanna Branch, A set of statistical methods and tools were used in analyzing the data represented by descriptive statistical tests, Pearson correlation analysis, and these methods were used on statistical programs (23) SPSS V, and the research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that looking at moral intelligence in general in The various organizations give the impression within the work that moral intelligence is an initiative, a literary and cultural approach, and usually it represents a social edifice with a renewed vision and the extent of its positive impact on the souls of workers. The research was concluded with a number of appropriate recommendations.

Abstract
The problem of the study arises in answering the question: Is there an influence of knowledge champions on the pioneering advantage and does the union company in question achieve the leading advantage by investing individuals who possess knowledge and presenting them as champions who share their experiences and encourage their colleagues to innovate, also The study aims to uncover the relationship between the knowledge Champions and the pioneer advantage. It also clarifies the resource-based point of view that an irreplaceable valuable asset such as knowledge Champions reinforces the pioneer advantage. The study activates the role of the knowledge Champions as they are strategic assets to achieve the Pioneer advantage. The researchers distributed (50) questionnaires to the Administrators employees working at the middle and upper levels of the sample company, (43) questionnaires were retrieved, of which (41) questionnaires were suitable for analysis, and they were analyzed by adopting the advanced statistical program (SmartPLS). The main result of this study is that some variables such as knowledge Champions are closely and positively correlated with the Pioneer advantage. The study also recommends that organizations in general and industrial organizations in particular inforce the knowledge Champions culture by creating a culture that drives and increases this resource because of its impact in achieving pioneer excellence in the field of its industry.

Abstract
The research Endeavor to identify the effect of the work environment on Employee Engagement in the light of work environment variables (material work conditions, leadership, technology, incentives) and variables of Employee Engagement (enthusiasm, comprehension, work immersion, sincerity and dedication) by surveying the opinions of a sample of employees In the petroleum products distribution company/ The Baghdad Distribute Foundation. The research followed the analytical exploratory approach and the questionnaire was adopted as a tool in data collection, and it was distributed to a sample of (90) employees in the Oil Products Distribution Company, and the ready-made statistical program (SPSS.V.24) was used in analyzing the data to extract the arithmetic mean, standard deviations and correlation coefficient (Spearman) And simple linear regression.
The results confirmed the existence of a significant correlation between the work environment and Employee Engagement in the researched company, as well as the presence of a significant effect of the work environment on Employee Engagement, and that the level of influence increases directly with their presence together.

Abstract
This statement is a statement of the impact of diversification on the growth of the Iraqi economy, using the methodology of self and long regression between the variables of economic growth expressed in GDP at constant prices and the diversification expressed by the contribution of the industrial and employment sectors using the methodology of self-regression. (1990-2019).
The results resulted in a long-term relationship between diversification and economic growth with a negative correction coefficient of (-0.53) in order to return to the equilibrium situation from the short term to the long term, in addition to the effect of the industrial sector was positive on economic growth. They have a negative effect in the long term.
The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the industrial sector represents the most prominent sector in achieving economic diversification, and the weakness of the service and agricultural sectors in achieving economic diversification in the long term, while the recommendations focused on giving the industrial sectors, especially the manufacturing industry, an important position and better care for its advancement and development again. In a way that achieves economic diversification.

Summary :
Developed and developing countries are competing to attract foreign direct investment, due to its contribution to achieving targeted growth through its role in bridging the savings-investment gap in host countries, especially in light of the diminishing dependence of developing countries on foreign debt and the decrease in foreign aid support to them. The positive role of foreign direct investment goes beyond the improvement of the balance of payments conditions and the acquisition of technical marketing, administrative and organizational skills to facilitate the transfer of technology, its indigenization and increase The need to pay attention to drawing the investor’s attention and enabling the investment promotion agencies to develop and activate their work periodically. It is important to take action at several levels, including building a knowledge base on issues closely related to the promotion activity and the need to periodically list investment obstacles and problems, whether obstacles at the level of policies, legislation, laws and agreements, as well as Administrative obstacles and complex and unspecified bureaucratic arrangements, working to address them efficiently and with appropriate speed, studying foreign investment trends, and developing a clear promo strategy based on the knowledge base .

Abstract
Economic diversification is one of the most important indicators of a country's economic strength. It is first oil, which has made it economy-free. The risk of dependence on this resource is evident through the linkage of its prices to world oil markets, occasional sharp fluctuations, and the impact on economic growth and stability in these countries, leading IMF to warn that diversification in their economies is needed to address these imbalances. So many countries have sought to work hard on the strategy of economic diversification and its success by adopting a package of economic policies. · This research aims at measuring and analyzing the indicators of economic diversification in the Iraqi economy during the period 2004-2019 by relying on the Hernval-Hershman coefficient.

Abstract
Foreign investment is a one among the essential and important pillars within the economic structure for the event of a country's economy, numerous countries of the planet has attached great importance to foreign investment because it is the gateway to the economic process thanks to the rise in gross domestic product, support for domestic savings, and a rise within the production capacity of economic sectors. Also, as being a conduit for technology, modern management and advanced production methods. As for developing countries, including Iraq, all of them suffer from the matter of the lack of local capital to form the investments required to develop the economies of their countries, so, it's become imperative for these countries to travel towards foreign investment after providing the investment environment the acceptable thing is that if it wants to travel towards achieving economic development, but in Iraq, we discover it desperately needed for these investments to rebuild what has been destroyed by wars over decades, re-energize all economic sectors and work to extend their production capacity, also as rebuilding the country's infrastructure, additionally to challenges Facing the country, represented by financial waste an As a result of corruption cases that also cause depriving Iraq of taking advantage of its money in establishing development projects that employment to realize economic process, so, it's become imperative to travel towards foreign investment because it is the only means through which development is often achieved altogether economic sectors.

bstract:
The research aims to identify small and medium enterprises in accounting thought in terms of definition and concept, the international financial reporting standard for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the international auditing standards Standard (570) this continuity assessment in the theoretical side. As for the practical side, continuity indicators were analyzed to measure the reflection of adopting a standard International financial reporting for small and medium-sized enterprises on the auditor's procedures in auditing the continuity of companies using the Sherrod model by applying the model to the company's financial statements under the unified accounting system and the company's financial statements after applying the SME standard. The proposal for an audit program to verify the extent of management's commitment to imposing continuity is prepared in accordance with international auditing standards. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is. The adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises has a statistically significant effect on the results of assessing the viability of the company. There are no auditing programs to verify the appropriateness of the administration’s use of the going concern basis in preparing financial statements in small and medium-sized enterprises with auditors ’offices. The research recommended the necessity of adopting the proposed audit program to audit the continuity of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Abstract:
The importance of research into the use of Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity models of the variation in the world daily closure price for the period 2017_2020, include of those models ARCH , GARCH, EGARCH, GARCH- M , TGARCH , And then diagnose by using tests of the heterogeneity problem, And then these models are estimated using the maximum likelihood method (M.L.E), The fitness of the model is then checked by special tests and the best model is then selected by(AIC,SIC,H-Q) And the significance of the estimated parameters, Once the appropriate model has been selected, its suitability is checked for prediction through tests (MAE, S.E , T ), the statistical program was used Eviews – 9 in extracting the results and results of the application on study data , the Best model for predicting gold price fluctuations has been found it TGARCH(2,1).

Abstract
The data for this research was obtained from the annual statistical abstract issued from central statistical organization which includes average monthly household expenditure on totals of goods and services and the average monthly household income for the year (2005) of (18) category of the monthly family income categories .
In this research, a nonparametric method called (Monotonic Regression) is used, it is a powerful and flexible method to design monotonic data. we use increasing data and classify it into blocks according to the behavior of the data , and for each block we will get a straight line with its parameters . After that we will obtain the estimation values for the response variable from these parameters inside each block.
The methods were used in this research (Isotonic Regression Estimator), (Daniel) test, these were used to test the trend, and we implement the (Backward Elimination Procedure) to see if there is a difference between isotonic regression and reduced isotonic regression. This procedure is reduced the number of level sets by combining those whose values do not differ greatly. some of the resulting solution blocks could be pooled together especially these with the estimated values do not differ a lot from their neighboring blocks , either solution blocks do not improve significantly , the fit can be eliminated , a model with fewer solution blocks fits better . After combining the blocks, through finding a statistical (Am), and compare it with the value of to specify the appropriate number of level set, till we reach to (Am) is grater than (F) , we will stop combining blocks , and so we arrived to isotonic regression differ from reduced isotonic regression , as well as the number of blocks has decreased , and the model could be better for applying . And finding the estimation of the response variable (Y).
The aim of this research is to use a non-parametric statistical method in estimating the average monthly expenditure of the Iraqi family for the year 2005. And in the case of the problem of the failure of meet the requirements of the parameterized method of testing and evaluation, our committees have a more flexible and manageable approach to data called non-parametric methods, including the monotonic regression in this research .
And the researcher’s conclusion is that the average monthly household expenditure can be estimated by using non-parametric methods because of the high flexibility enjoyed by non-parametric capabilities compared to the parametric capabilities by measuring the parameter capacity.