Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences

The study was aimed to determine the humoral and cellular immune responses of different Pasteurella multocida vaccines that synergist with BCG vaccine. Twenty five local bread rabbits had been used which divided randomly into five groups, each group contains five animals. The first group immunized with killed whole cells of P. multocida (3×10^ cell /ml) and BCG vaccines, The second group had been immunized with sonicated whole cell P. multocida and BCG vaccines, The third group immunized with killed whole cell P. multocida vaccine, the fourth group immunized with sonicated whole cell P. multocida vaccine and the fifth group as control (negative group). The humoral passive haemagglutination test (PHA) and cellular delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) immune responses were determined in 35 and 28days respectively and for three months after immunization. Our result showed a higher significant differences (P<0.05) of antibodies titer had been recorded in the first and third groups (1945.6 ± 389.8, 1792.4 ± 444.6 respectively) in the third month while in the second and the fourth groups (2257.4 ± 308, 1894.4 ± 377.3 respectively). Also these was a significant differences (P<0.05) in the diameter of erythema and skin in duration which had high levels in the second and the fourth groups (4.6 ± 0.5 mm, 3.9 ± 0.6 mm & 4.1 ± 0.3 mm, 4.3 ± 0.5 mm) respectively compared with the first and the third groups (3.34 ± 0.3 mm, 2.22 ± 0.3 mm and 2 ± 0.03 mm, 2.76 ± 0.3 mm) after 24 and 48 hours respectively.

In this study was investigated the Prophylactic role of garlic oil against sodium nitrite NaNO2-induced alteration in physiology and biochemical parameters and oxidative status in male mice. NaNO2 sodium nitrite, a food color fixative and preservative, contributes to carcinogenesis forty 40 male mice were randomly divided into four equal groups (n= 10 as follow: 1- Control group was received standard diet without any treatment. 2-Garlic oil-treated group, was received standard diet, and given orally with garlic oil at a dose of 3 ml/kg body weight for a period of 1months, group 3- NaNO2 treated group, was received standard diet and given orally sodium nitrite at dose of 40 mg/kg body weight, group 4- NaNO2 garlic oil-treated group, was handled as animals group 3 in addition to garlic oil. The results recorded a significant increase (P<0.05) in serum levels of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity, serum bilirubin, urea and creatinine concentration as well as hepatic AST and ALT activity, Besides significant decrease (P<0.05) was recorded in liver ALP activity, glycogen content, and renal urea and creatinine levels. In addition a significant increase (P<0.05) in lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in glutathione content and catalase activity were observed in the liver and the kidney. While garlic oil supplementation showed a remarkable induced alteration in blood matters above in male mice. The data indicate that garlic is a phyto antioxidant with powerful prophylactic properties against NaNo2 chemically-induced oxidative stress.

A study were carried out to investigate, the immunomodulatory effect of the Mannoproteins of Candida albicans cell wall on the immune response of mice vaccinated with Brucella RB51 vaccine and considered as biological immunomodulators. The study included two main groups, each group divide into four subgroups, each subgroup involved 20 mice, the first four subgroups were I: treated with distilled water. II: treated with the Brucella RB51 vaccine only III: treated with the mannoproteins only. IV: treated with brucella-RB51 strain vaccine and mannoproteins of Candida albicans. The V, VI, VII and VIII groups were injected with the immunosuppressive drug prednisolone prior to the forthcoming treatment. All these treatments were carried out on day 1, then the mice were sacrificed on day 8 to estimate serum IFN-γ level and on day I4 for delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. The doses of the Mannoproteins of Candida albicans cell wall represents 10% of the calculated LD50 dose (5714 µg/kg), which were given subcutaneously. The results demonstrated a clear immunomodulatory effects of the mannoproteins of Candida albicans cell wall (improvement of non-specific, and cellular immune response) of the treated mice vaccinated with BrucellaRB51. The interferon-γ (IF- γ) showed a significant increased (P≤0.05) in serum level in Mannoproteins-treated vaccinated mice in comparison with negative and positive subgroups, and group IV showed a highest increase. In delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, an increased index was significantly increased (P≤0.05) in Mannoproteins-treated vaccinated mice in comparison with negative and positive subgroups, a best results was observed after 24 hours post-brucelline injection, generally the response after 24 hours was better than 48 hours.

The results of this investigation had demonstrated the production of aflatoxins from Aspergillus flavus and study the toxicity and pathological effect in mice. Aflatoxin B1 and G1 were produced by two methods. (Corn method and YES method). The concentration of aflatoxin B1 was 2 ppm while aflatoxin G1 was 5.25 ppm by using TLC and HPLC. Three groups of animals (mice) were taken. First and second groups treated with aflatoxin B1 and G1 respectively by (25µg/0.2 ml olive oil/animal/day) for 21&30 days. This study showed that aflatoxin G1had higher effect from B1 on the liver than kidney, while aflatoxin B1had higher effect from G1 on the kidney than liver .This result was confirmed by biochemical tests for liver enzymes and kidney salts. So, the result of liver enzymes in serum of mice treated with aflatoxin G1revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in GOT, GPT and ALP at 30 days of experiment comparing with other groups. Whereas the result of kidney enzymes in serum of mice treated with aflatoxin B1 revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in urea, creatinin and uric acid at 30 days of experiment comparing with other groups. Therefore, we could conclude that aflatoxines have acute toxicity effect in target organs of mice that treated with short period (30 days) and may develop to induce tumors when treated for longer period (6 months).

The present study was conducted on 43 pregnant buffaloes with an average of 290-295 days gestation period according to their breeding dates in different areas of Baghdad province from 2006-2011, this ages ranged from 3-4 years. The buffaloes were divided into four groups randomly according to the programs of their treatment .1st group (11buffaloes) were injected with 750µg (3ml) of estrumate intramuscular (IM) in one dose. The 2nd group (12 buffaloes) injected with 40 mg of dexamethasone (IM) in one dose also. The 3rd group (10 buffaloes) injected with 15 mg of estradiol benzoate (IM). The 4th group injected with estrumate 750µg +dexamethasone 40 mg (IM) in the same time. The results showed that the responsive buffaloes were 9 (81.8%), 11 (91.6%), 9 (90%) and 10 (100%) in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups respectively. The results showed a significant difference between (p<0.01) the 4th group in comparison with 1,2,3 groups. The duration between initiation of treatment to the induction of parturition showed a significant difference between (p<0.01) 2nd group as compared with 1,3,4 groups. Retention of fetal membranes were recorded in 25.54% of animals and the occurrence of dystocia was 17.94%. The viability of newborn (calves) was 94.8% as compared with dead calves 5.2%. It was concluded that the use of PGF2α or dexamethasone alone or combination was safe and effective for induction of calving.

The levels of FSH and testosterone were measured in sera of ten Shami bucks over a period of twelve months. Result showed that concentration of Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and Testosterone were increased significantly (P<0.05) during autumn and summer as compared to other seasons of the year. On monthly basis significantly (P< 0.05) higher concentration was observed during August, September and November for Testosterone. Furthermore, FSH shows highest concentration during October. These results indicate that the environment changes associated with seasonal changes affects the activity of the hypothalamic-testicular axis leading to a decrease or increase these hormones.

Hundred and four isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screening and isolate SP9 identified as belong to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and was selected according to it's high phenazine production. That isolate was subjected to mutation by different concentrations of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG).
In 250 µg/ml of NTG, the mutant strain produced noticeable amount of phenazine more than isolate of strain SP9 which named SPm9. separation and characterization of phenazine was done by using TLC, HPLC and IR spectrum. Gel filtration was used for purification of phenazine with sephadex G25.
Antimicrobial activity of phenazine was done by using disk method for numbers of Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates.
The results indicate that phenazine which produced from mutant strain SPm9 is a broad spectrum antibiotic follows like that produced from isolate strain Sp9. it is effective against Bacillus subtillus, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Phenazine was also found to be effective against Candida albicans.

One hundred frozen semen straws (0.5 ml), have been taken from imported bulls, the frozen semen examination as well as evaluation in addition to bacteriological evaluation whether counting, isolation and antibiotic sensitivity, the results in current study showed all bacterial isolates were identified by using different biochemical tests and API–20 E system that used later to confirm identification, all isolated bacteria found in imported frozen semen were gram negative.45 bacterial isolates in imported frozen semen distributed in 42 isolates Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and 3 isolates Pseudomonas aeroginosa, antibiotic susceptibility test for isolated bacteria by using 14 single antibiotic discks of commonly used drugs, most isolated Steno. maltophilia was susceptible to Ceftazidime, Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Vancomycin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol and Tetracyclin. The results of current study showed individual movement 61.3±2.00, viability of sperm 76.2±2.06, percentage of dead sperms 23.8±2.06, and abnormal sperms 13.54±0.67.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential of lactic acid bacteria as a probiotic (biologicl dieases control). Six strains of lactic acid bacteria J1, J3, J4, J6, J7, J8 was Isolated from intestines of the common carp Cyprinus carpio were compared as to the antagonistic activity against fish pathogen bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas luteola Pseudomonas aeroginosa Sarratia rabidaeae and staph sp. Different method were used for measuring growth by optical density, agar well diffusion and cross- streak method also screened from bile salt and antibiotic tolerance. All strains of LAB showed different spectra of inhibition against pathogenic bacteria. The highest inhibition measured against serratia rubidaeae and A. hydrophila, moderate inhibition occure against. P. luteola and P aeroginosa and lower inhibition to staph sp. Also culture supernatant free fluid of all LAB showed no antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria moreover all strain show resistance to all antibiotic sensitivity OA2A–P disc except J1, J3, J4 were sensitive to erythromycin in concentrate 60 mcg after incubation for 48 hr and only J1, J3, J4, J6 were exhibited tolerance reaction to bile salt at concentration not more than 3000 ppm the present study recommend to use lactic acid bacteria J6 as a good probiotic remedy to the fish culture in Iraq.

The study was carried out to throw some light on the effect of intra_incisional application of hydroxyapatite on healing of recovered skin documented by histopathological evaluation in rabbit. Thirty adult local breed rabbits were used, divided randomly and equally into two groups: the first group (Control group), subjected to wound of the skin from their back (about 5 cm in length) then sutured with silk (No. 4-0). Similar technique was used for treated group with the exception of local application of hydroxyapatite powder inside the incision prior to closure it. The operation was performed under the effect of general anesthesia represented by a mixture of xylazine-ketamine in a dose of 20 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg B.W., respectively, which were administered intramuscularly. During a clinical- follow of all animals, we trapped two cases of stitch abscess in the control group and one in treated group, which showed a response to medical treatment. Histopathological examination was performed on (3, 5, 7, 14 and 21) days post-wounding. Results revealed infiltration of large numbers of neutrophils with the formation of granulation tissue in the first periods in both groups, while fibrous connective tissue rich in dense collagen fibers were noticed in control group covered with necrotic tissue containing dead neutrophils and complete resolution of the skin with formation of fibrous connective tissue in the treatment group at the end of experiment. In conclusion, the Hydroxyapatite, promote wound healing because it attracts the macrophages and fibroblasts rapidly to the wound site.

A total of 120 random samples of local (Fresh, non- salted) cheese were collected from different markets of Sulaimani city during the period from October 2009 to June 2010. The results showed that three 2.5% out of the total 120 cheese samples were found contaminated with Salmonella species. Salmonella enteritidis was the only serotypes that have been found

Cancer is a growing health problem coming next to the cardiovascular diseases regarding the morbidity and mortality with some international geographical variation according to its type. The purpose of the present study was to investigate potential in vitro cytotoxic effect of the aqueous extract of Chelidonium majus on two human cancer cell lines (pelvic: RD and cervical: HeLa). The extract exhibited a time- and concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on both cell lines. The highest significant inhibitory effect of extract recorded after 72 hrs of exposure at highest concentration (1000 μg/ ml), it was achieved 58.4% and 65.1% on RD and HeLa, respectively. The treatment with 500 and 1000 μg/ml of extract caused significant reduction in viability of RD and HeLa cells during all periods of exposure. These results revealed that C. majus possessed cytotoxic effect on cancerous cell lines, which makes it has possible role in medical oncology.

Seven does were used to study the non-surgical method of embryos collection, superovulation was induced by using PMSG (450 I.U) the day of natural mating is considered-day zero. The dose were bred from fertile bucks at the appearance of the oestrous signs, the day of natural mating is considered-day zero, the embryos were collected at the sixth or seventh days after the day zero. The process of embryo collection was utilized in standing position after epidural anaesthesia. Results of the study revealed that one embryo in morula stage (33%) were successfully collected in day 6 post mating and three embryos (75%) were recovered on day 7 post mating.

A total number of 20 Iraqi local breed goats were allotted randomly at four groups (5 goats for each) and treated by different hormonal regimes Group A given PMSG (Folligon ®) 1000 IU. I.M, Group B given LH-FSH (Pluset ®) 500 IU-I.M, group C given urofollitrophin FSH (Metrodin® HP) 450 IU. I.M and group D were leaved as a control. The responses to these hormonal regimes were evaluated by laparoscopy. The number of corpora lutea and large non-ovulatory follicles were considered for evaluation. Results of the present study indicated that the goats treated with urofollitrophin (FSH) had the largest number of (CLS) and large non-ovulatory follicles.

The current study included three parts: the first part is the isolation and identification of 12 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis from 45 different samples included 6 samples of urine, 20 samples of feces, 7 samples of skin,10 samples of Crop of the chicken and 2 samples of Liver of the sheep by using the cultural, Biochemical and serological tests from November 2010 to March 2011. Resistance of E. faecalis isolates to antibiotics were examined. Some of these isolates were resistant to 9 out of 16 antibiotics were used in this study, (100% to Streptomycin, 92% Tobramycin, 83% to Amikacin, 66% to Erythromycin, 75% Ceftazidime, 84% Augmentin, 33% Cefotaxime, 60% Tetracycline and 91.5% Nalidixic acid). On the other hand, all isolates were sensitive to Genatmicin, Chloramphenicol, Penicillin G, Ampicillin, Vancomycin, Rifampcin and Co-trimexazole. In the second part of the study, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was extracted from E. faecalis that was isolated from feces of infected child and possessed high resistance to antibiotics by using Hot phenol, thereafter partial purification by using Sepharose CL-6B gel filtration chromatography was done. The peak of LTA was extended from fraction 8 to 18. The contents of partial purification of LTA from phosphorous 91.37 mg/ml and 0.022 mg/ml protein were measured. The third parts involved examination of cytotoxic effect of crude and partial purified LTA in normal and several cancer cell lines. Both crude and partial purified extracts at 5000 mg/ml were exhibited high inhibitory activity to Gliobl astoma (AMGM) and Ahmed-Mohammed- Nahi, 2003 (AMN-3) at exposure time 24h. reducing in the percentage of inhibition was noticed when the exposure time was increased. On the contrary, low concentration of both extracts of LTA were induced the proliferation of cancer cells of AMGM and AMN-3 at exposure time 24h. Notably, when the exposure time was increased, the proliferation of AMGM and AMN-3 was decreased. Obviously, the cytotoxicity of the both extracts) crude and partial purified) has slight effect on normal cell line, Rat Embryo fibroblast (Ref).

The aim of this study is to assess the effects of lead acetate toxicity on liver and kidney functions and to evaluate the protective effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) on liver and kidney. Forty adult Wistar albino male rats of approxaimatey same age 8 weeks old were randomly divided into four equal groups as follows; Animals in control group (CG) served as the control group and treated with distilled water. Animals in lead groups (LG) and lead with garlic group (LGG) were received lead acetate orally, in a dose of 50 mg/ kg b.w./ day. Group LGG animals were, in addition to lead acetate, treated with 500 mg/kg/rat of aqueous extract of garlic. Garlic group GG treated with 500 mg/ kg/ rat aqueous extract of garlic. All treatments were for 8 weeks. Then the blood sample was collected from heart puncture to estimate serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and malondialdehyde levels and the liver and kidney were removed for histopathological study. The results showed that the administration of lead acetate to the rats in LG caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with the CG. Meanwhile the LGG show significant decrease (P<0.05) in their values compared with LG. LGG and GG groups showed no significant (P<0.05) difference in creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde concentration compared with CG after 8 weeks of the experiment. The histopathological changes in liver of LG revealed perivascular mono nuclear cell infiltration with congestion and vacuolar degeneration while the kidney showed vacuolar degeneration changes and necrosis, and glomerular atrophy. Using garlic as a protective agent with lead acetate in LGG group revealed a good protective effect of garlic observed as decrease in cellular infiltrate with no dilatation or congestion was noticed. Kidney architecture became near to normal histology. Also no histopathological changes were observed in both CG and GG groups.It could be concluded that Garlic can decreased the damage of liver cells and kidney from oxidative effect induced by lead, and it is dependent on their antioxidant effects

The kidney of the albino rat is bean – shaped, smooth, reddish-brown color it is covered by a thin connective tissue capsule that is adherent to sub capsular connective tissue containing occasional fibroblast. The rat kidneys lay alongside the vertebral column in the abdominal cavity, and the right kidney is situated more cranially than the left one. The mean weight of the right kidney was 1.1gm while, the left kidney is 0.96 gm. The mean length, width and thickness of right kidney is 1.28 cm, 0.88 and 0.81cm respectively while those of the left one the mean length, width and thickness is 1.23cm, 0.85 and 0.79 cm respectively. The kidney consists of two regions, the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The basic unit of the rat kidney is the nephron. Each nephron can be sub divided into number of distinct parts in the cortex and medulla. The nephron forming renal corpuscle, the first part of nephron consists from glumerulus and Bowman’s capsule, the proximal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle which consists of ascending and then the descending limb of loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubules. The collecting tubules are not part of the nephron

The study was conducted to use autogenous cutaneous trunkii muscle flap (CTMF) for repairing of large ventral hernia in sheep. A large ventral hernia was induced experimentally in eight adults' healthy Awassi sheep (4 males and 4 non-pregnant females). A protocol of general anesthesia was performed via an intravenously injection of a mixture of Xylazine hydrochloride 0.05 mg/kg B.W. and Ketamine hydrochloride 2mg/kg B.W. One month after surgical producing of a large ventral hernia the animals underwent for hernioplasty using autogenous CTMF. The results revealed no characteristic postoperative complications as infection, recurrent herniation or wound dehiscence during a period of 12 month postoperation. In conclusion, using autogenous CTMF is a suitable natural prosthetic material for reconstruction of large ventral hernial defect in sheep, as it is inexpensive and repair with strength equal to normal tissue

The study was conducted on 599 genital system of Iraqi black goat, collected from local slaughter house in Al-Fallujah city and transported to the theriogenology Lab. within one hour of slaughtering, in normal saline in cool box, during the period from July 2010 to July 2011. The reproductive status of the animals were not known. The ovaries were cut by scissors and freed from the surrounding tissues and overlying bursa.The follicles was counted in each ovary, and the diameter of the follicle was measured by automatic vernier, and classified in to small follicle (2-4mm diameter) and large follicle (5-8mm diameter).Only good and fair quality oocytes were selected. The oocytes were washed two times in maturation medium (TCM_199, MEM and TALP), then incubated in appropriate maturation medium in 39◦c temp., 5% CO2 and 90% relative humidity for 24-26h. The presence of first polar body was the criteria for in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes. Chi square test were used for statistical analysis.The result showed there were a significant increase (P<0.05) in recovery rate and maturation rate of oocytes recovered from large follicles as compared with that of small follicles. The number of recovered oocytes from large follicles was 1046 out of 1377 follicles with a size between 5-8mm i.e. 75.9%, and the maturation rate was 45.9%, while the recovery rate and maturation rate of oocytes taken from small follicles were 61.06% (1043/1708) and 35.9% (375/1043) respectively. It was concluded from this study that follicular size could be affect the recovery rate and maturation rate of oocytes in vitro.

The current study has been designed to investigate the physiological effect of parsley (petroslinumcrispum) leaves on serum and urine concentrations of some biochemical constituents and renal tubules architecture in albino rats. Twenty albino rats were assigned in two groups: control and treatment group, fed on standard and parsley leaves-supplemented feed, respectively for ten days. At the end of the experiment, blood and urine samples were collected for serum and urineanalysis. Kidneys were removed and transferred to the tissue processing. The results revealed an acidic urine, proteinuria, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, significant decrease in BUN and significant increase in serum uric acid level in treatment group.The histological study revealed a hydropic changes in convoluted tubules epithelium, sloughing of some epithelium to the lumen, the renal tubules was dilated and contained colloid casts.

The aim of this research is to study the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Al-Muthanna province during October, November, December 2010 and January 2011. Blood samples were collected from aborted women and were examined by the following serological methods: Latex agglutination, IgG ELISA and IgM ELISA tests which revealed the total rates infection 71%, 35.4% and 6.25% respectively there wasn’t significant effect of age on proportion rate which is increased directly with age only IgG ELISA, highest rates infection were recorded in 31-35 age group when we used Latex agglutination and IgG ELISA, while it was at 15-20 age groups when we used IgM ELISA

Angiotensin receptor antagonistes named as sartans are clinically used for treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure and in certain complications of diabetes mellitus. Recently the anti-inflammatory effects of these agents was reported. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of sartans on C- reactive protein and reactive nitrogen species in patients with diabetes. A total number of 98 diabetic patients (32 males and 66 females) were enrolled in this study. The patients were subgrouped into group 1 (n=40); diabetic patients on sartans and group 2 (n=58) without sartans therapy. Blood samples were collected for determination of the C-reactive protein, Nitric oxide and peroxynitrate. The results showed that hypertension was co-existed in 23 and 13 patients of group1 and 2 respectively. There was no significant difference between group 1 and 2 in positive C-reactive protein. Serum nitric oxide level was higher and serum peroxynitrite was lower in group 1 as compared with group 2, and the differences did not reach to the significance level. It was conclude that sartans act via three arms; reducing blood pressure by blocking angiotensin II receptor and elevating nitric oxide and variable effects on the inflammatory bio-markers.

The aim of the study was to investigate colonotomy via hand assisted laparoscopy device and to evaluate the closure by using Connell's and horizontal mattress suture technique. Twelve adult healthy local breed goats were used. They were divided randomly into two equal groups, Connell group and horizontal mattress group. The operations were done under the effect of general anesthesia using xylazine 2% (0.05 mg/kg B.W.) and ketamine 5% (3mg/ kg B.W.) injected intramuscularly together. The enterotomy incision was closed by Connell's pattern in Connell's group and by interrupted horizontal mattress technique in horizontal mattress group using polyglycolic acid suture material (No.0) after exteriorized of part of colon laparoscopically. Each group was divided into two equal subgroups depended on follow up of histopathological examination at a periods of 5 and 15 days post- surgery. The results of clinical examination revealed that the activity and appetite of animals were return early to the normal level, also the physical findings returned to the normal level value with a short time after operation in both groups. The histopathological findings of two groups appeared that there was on an inflammatory phase at a period of 5 days post operation, but the granulation tissue and collagen fiber formation was more prominent in horizontal group compared with Connell's group, while at the 15 days post operation in both groups revealed that a granulation tissue in the incision site which covered by epithelial layer with thick fibrous connective tissue and presence of myofibroblast at the incision site. This indicated that the wound was in a mature phase which was clear in horizontal group than in the Connell's group.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin), a major component of the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall. Among the changes observed upon exposure to LPS are fever, circulatory shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and damage to numerous organs including the liver, acute lung injury and acute renal failure. 40 male Wister albino rats were divided in to 3 groups. Control group was given tap water during the experiment period. At the last day of the experiment, animal were injected intraperitoneally with distilled water. The second group was given ethyl alcohol with drinking water, at the end of the experiment 10 rats were injected intraperitoneally with distilled water and the other 10 rats were injected intraperitoneally with LPS (1µg/gm). Endotoxin group was given tap water during the experiment period, at the last day of the experiment period they were injected intraperitoneally with LPS (1µg/gm). for determining the biochemical tests the blood were collected in test tubes for obtaining the serum samples. Injection of LPS significantly increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme (SALP) and bilirubin level in serum as well as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SAST) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SALT) were also increased compared with control rats. LPS significantly increased (SAST), (SALT), the activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme (SALP) and bilirubin level in serum and it’s regarded as a natural results of organs damage and dysfunction which caused by LPS insult.

The objective of this first native study was to determined morphology, quality and chemical characteristics of ostrich Struthio camelus eggs. A total of 97 eggs were collected from ostrich flocks (6 females and 3 males) domestic subspecies Struthio camelus camelus reared in the zoo of Baghdad city during the period from June 14th of 2010 to October 15th of 2011. The data obtained revealed that egg breadth, egg length and egg shape index were 12.6 cm, 16.9 cm and 74.6 respectively, egg weight, egg volume, egg specific gravity were 1576 gm, 1368.3 cm3, 1.15 gm/cm3 respectively, albumen height, yolk height, yolk diameter and yolk index were 12.7 mm, 13.6 mm, 30.8 mm and 0.44 respectively. This survey showed that ostrich egg components were 20.23% shell, 31.12% yolk and 48.65% albumen during the third year of production. Chemical composition of ostrich eggs showed that moisture were 87.69 and 48.04%, ash 1.05 and 1.10%, protein 11.84 and 17.76%, carbohydrates 0.71 and 0.95% of albumen and yolk materials respectively, lipids and cholesterol were 29.87% and 11.21 mg/gm of yolk materials. Minerals contents in egg albumen and yolk were; calcium (26 and 133 ppm), phosphorous (13 and 375 ppm), magnesium (8 and 17 ppm), iron (1 and 8 ppm), potassium (150 and 114 ppm), copper (0.5 and 2 ppm), zinc (0.5 and 1 ppm), manganese (1 and 2 ppm) respectively. In conclusion, compared with the hen’s egg, the ostrich egg has similar chemical and nutritive characteristics, but a lower cholesterol content.

The effects of detomidine-propofol and ketamine on the heart rate, respiratory rate, blood gases and temperature were investigated in six healthy donkeys weighting from(100-150kg). The animals received premedication with detomidine HCL (10 µg/kg bwtiv) followed after 5 min with a single intravenous (i.v.) bolus dose of propofol (1mg/kg/bwt iv) and approximately 2 to 3 min by a single i.v. bolus dose of ketamine HCL (2.2 mg/kg bwt iv). All parameters were evaluated before the administration of detomidine and at 5,10, 15,20,25and 30 min after administration of detomidine and anesthetics.The heart rate decreased significantly after administration of the anesthetic drugs(propofol and ketamine). The mean respiratory rate decreased significantly after administration of the detomidine and anesthetic drugs (propofol and ketamine). PaO2 was littleeffect. The body temperature slightly decreased at all points in time. The data showed that the combination of detomidine-ketamine,propofol caused an inhibition of the cardiovascular system. This combination is responsible for little distributed ventilation, very small effect PaO2 and a declined in body temperature in the anaesthesia period in donkeys.

In this study, We aimed to investigate the benefit of monitoring cases with hydatid cyst by means of immune components in patients before and after 15 days after surgery. IL-1β, IL-2, IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 and C4 were evaluated as were the relationship between these parameters with each other. Mean values of C3 and IgG of patients were significantly higher than those of controls before surgery, While mean values of C3, C4 and IgG of patients remain significantly higher than those of controls after 15 days of surgery. There was a significant correlation between serum levels of IL-1β and C3, IL-2 and IgA, C3 and IgA in patient before surgical removal and healthy controls, while there was correlation near to statistical significance between the different immune component studied in patients after 15days of surgical removal.

In the current study, random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase (RAPD) was used to investigate the genetic diversity and relationship among three breeds of local goat (Black, Brown and White). Twelve individual were subjected to blood samples collection, four from each population. Extracted DNA was in adequate quantity and quality. The polymorphism varied between primers and within breeds. Seven out of sixteen RAPD primers were found to be polymorphic. The maximal number of scorable fragments was amplified by D15, while C5 and C12 primers were shared the same minimal value of amplified fragments which was 8 bands. Molecular size of amplified fragments ranged from 0.16 kbp to 4.8 kbp. Of the 69 amplified fragments, 32 fragments (46%) were polymorphic with an average of 4.57 polymorphic fragments per primer. Dendrogram derived from RAPD profiles separated the twelve individuals into four main clusters; two were consisted of single individual, whereas the other two clusters consisted of three and seven individuals, respectively. Genetic similarity was ranged from 0.61% to 0.97%. The results indicated that RAPD-PCR technique was a valuable tool in the arsenal of animal breeders and can efficiently distinguish between goat breeds.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of orally administered panax ginseng on some biochemical parameters in diabetic male rabbits. The rabbits were divided into 5 equal groups; a 1st normal control, a 2nd diabetic non-herb treated, and a 3rd normal rabbit treated with the herb, panax ginseng at 150mg/kg . While, each of the 4th and 5th groups were diabetic rabbits treated with the herb, panax ginseng at 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg, respectively. The results in the diabetic rabbits in group 2 showed an increase in serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and increase the normal rang of main parameters in the body like SC, BUN, ALP and ALT, AST. While, oral administration of panax ginseng at 300, and 600 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in total lipids in diabetic rabbits and have no any adverse effect on the main parameters of the body which taken to be as indicator for health state of liver, kidney, heart and muscle tissues in the body.

Various aspects of the environmental status were explored in a farm of broiler breeders “Ross 308” in Al Sulaimaniyah city, Iraq, suffering from bumblefoot lesion, to check out the management, dietary and hygienic conditions that could be responsible for initiation of this lesion. For pathological and bacteriological investigations, 15 hens and 7 roosters were randomly selected out of 5300 chickens suffering from the bumblefoot in the concerned farm. Exploring the environmental status of the farm showed that the chickens were bred under crowded condition in humid weather on a thick, muddy litter, were feeding commercial layer ration not subjected to quality control confirmation and were allowed to lay their eggs in laying nests with sharp-edged perches. The pathological examination showed abscess foci and ulcers of various diameters and depths on the affected feet and some of the ulcers were associated with a gangrenous appearance. In some of these chickens, the first toe was partially lost, most probably due to a previous gangrenous ulceration. Microscopically, ulcerative epithelial damage, hyperkeratosis and suppuration were seen associated with marked fibrovascular granulation tissue response in the dermis. A total of 28 facultatively anaerobic bacterial isolates were recovered from only 16 out of the 22 diseased chickens that were sampled in the current study. These bacterial isolates were belonging to three species; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.