JOURNAL OF KUFA FOR CHEMICAL SCIENCES

A dull detectors, Fluorometer and photometer, were constructed from simple available components. This lab build detector was supplied with two microcontrollers and joined with flow injection system. The proposed system was successfully used to determine fluorescein and methylene blue by changing the angle from 90 to 180 respectively. The obtained results clearly indicated that system is simple, inexpensive, easy to use and can be used in educational laboratory.

In the current study, waste polyvinyl chloride pipes were used as a basic material in the reactions, which are widely used Infor water supply and drainage system, where the waste pipes were prepared by cleaning them from suspended materials and grinding them into small particles, then reacting natural polymers from plant; Tannic acid .We have obtained modified polymer (PVC/Tannic acid) or PVC-Ta. The modified polymer have been grinded to obtain powder .Four techniques were used to characterize the properties of natural and prepared polymers: Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) , X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry (DTA-TG) . The study included the use modified polymers (PVC-Ta) to clean up the oil spill on the surface of the water by using the absorption phenomenon. This study included studying the effect of several conditions on the functioning of modified polymers, such as the amount of absorbent and time, for obtaining optimal conditions.

In the current study, waste polyvinyl chloride pipes were used as a primary material in the reactions, which are widely used for water supply and drainage systems where the waste pipes were prepared by cleaning them from suspended materials and grinding them into small particles, then reacting natural polymers from a plant; Alginic acid. We have obtained modified polymer (PVC/Alginate) or AL-PVC which have been grinded to obtain a powder. Four methods were used to characterize the properties of natural and prepared polymers: Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry (TGA-TG). The effectiveness of AL-PVC polymer as a coagulant flocculant in the treatment of surface water has been studied. Tests were carried out in the laboratory on two kinds of water (50 NTU and 100 NTU). The first one is the synthesis of water mixed with high and low concentrations of bentonite, simulating thus turbid water. The second one is raw water from the treatment station of the Shatt Al-Arab River. The performance of the coagulation-flocculation process has been assessed by measuring the supernatant turbidity for different pH, doses, and flocculation times of the AL-PVC polymer. The obtained results show that AL-PVC polymer effectiveness was strongly dependent on pH and the doses of AL-PVC polymer, the initial turbidity, and the water quality. The physical and chemical methods used in the present study of water treatments are mainly due to their simplicity, ease of use, low cost as well as excellent removal efficiency

The study included the preparation and diagnosis of disulfur ligands (Dithiols) and the preparation of their complex with monovalent (Silver), which included the the following steps: First: preparation of the sulfur compound through the reaction of Grignard reagent (ClPhMgX), with carbon disulfide (CS2), this step form [ClPhCS2]- , an acidic liquid sulfur compound which was converted into a dimer compound by second step :- reacting with (Benzene tetra methyl ammonium hydroxyl) which produce a negatively charged compound [ClPhCS2]-, which is a viscous, hydrated compound with a strong sulfur smell. The product [ClPhCS2]- react with dichloromethane (DCM) which produce (methylene-bis (p-Chlorodithiobenzoate). Which is characterized with (IR,UV-VIS, 1H-NMR, 13C spectroscopy , mass spectrometry) then followed by Analytical study for the prepared compound were investigated by preparation of their complex with Monovalent (Silver), where the stability constants of the prepared complex were studied, which showed the stability of the complex at room temperature and at pH (PH = 8). The absorbance of the complex for UV-Vis. light was studied and the mole ratio (M: L) was studied. From the study of spectroscopic methods.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) also known as coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemic heart disease (IHD), where it is caused by hindrance of blood transit to muscle of heart cause to collect the lipid and cholesterol on the inner wall of the heart. Because of atherosclerosis, CAD contains many types of disease: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction (MI), and sudden cardiac death. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is known as angioplasty is a non-surgical operation performed using a catheter to cram either inflate a balloon in the narrowing place or a stent (a very small fin grid tube made of either plastic or metal of stainless steel). So it is covered with medicine to prevent the coronary artery blockage again), to expand or open up the vessels in the muscle of the heart that contain plaque buildup that cause stenosis. Lipid profile is main factor of danger to CVD; each formed of lipid profiles is linked with rise in happening of coronary artery disease (CAD). I

The present work included the synthesis of some new Schiff base derivatives of hydrazine hydrate coupled with ethyl-5-phenyl-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazole thiol) acetate, this role reacted with mercapto-acetic acid to synthesize five-membered ring heterocyclic compound derivatives. The yields of all synthesized compounds were good. All compounds were confirmed by their melting point, FT-IR spectra, and 1HNMR spectra for some of them.
Keyword: Schiff bases,mercapto-acetic acid, Oxadiazole, hydrazine

Anew Schiff base ligand. (HMPHM) 3-((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)-4-((€-(3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxyl methyl)-2-Methyl)puridin-4-yl)methylene)amino)phenyl)(phenyl)methanon has been Prepared from reacting(3-amino-4-(((3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxylmethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methylene)amino)phenyl)(phenyl)methanone with P-Chloro benzaldehyde Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Au(III) ions were used to create a new series of chelate complexes. The structures of the new Schiff base ligand and their transition metal complexes were characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) technique, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), mass analysis, molar conductance, and magnetic susceptibility. [(M)(L)2] where M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II), and [(M)(L)Cl]Cl where M = Au (III). The coordination sites of the Schiff base ligand were revealed by FTIR to be through oxygen of the hydroxyl group, and the nitrogen of azomethine groups. Based on data obtained, the octahedral geometry was suggested for all ligand complexes exception of the Au(III) complex, which had a square planar geometry.

This paper deals with two main parts: part (I) performed the caffeine levels evaluation in three commercial tea leaves (black, green, and herbal tea) in Erbil markets and Halabja city. The caffeine was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane and chloroform solvents. The extracted caffeine was purified, and then identified by melting point (M.P), ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy that provides spectra identical to the standard caffeine crystals. The level of caffeine in black tea was found greater than in green tea, presumably because black tea are made of older tea leaves, in contrast, there is no caffeine obtained from Halabja tea. Part (II) mentioned the determination of metal ions (lithium, sodium, potassium, and calcium) in 5 brands of black and green tea (leaves and bags) in addition to Halabja tea; using flame atomic emission (FAES) and flame atomic absorption (FAAS) spectroscopy. The tea beverages were prepared by three different methods: (chemically, infusion, and continuous infusion). There was a moderate quantity of sodium, potassium, and calcium was determined in the 5 brands of tea, while lithium found in the trace. Halabja tea was free from caffeine while lithium, sodium, potassium, and calcium elements of the Halabja herbal tea are all higher than all the other types of tea leaves and bags.

In this study, 4-chlorobenzodithioatebenzyltrimethylammonium and 4-methoxylbenzodithioatebenzyltrimethylammonium were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR, UV-Visible and Mass techniques. Then they evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel alloy (C1010) against corrosive environment of hydrochloric acid at different concentrations at 25 ˚C. both inhibitors revealed an excellent inhibition efficiency (97.95) % and (97.13) % at optimal concentrations (9) ppm and (8) ppm respectively. The effect of temperature on the corrosion was studied in absence and presence of the inhibitor, the raising of temperature leads to reduce the efficiency of the inhibitor and CR was enhanced. On the other hand, kinetic parameters such as activation energy , enthalpy of activation , entropy of activation and Gibbs free energy of activation were calculated which are insisted a physical adsorbed behavior for the inhibitor, an endothermic corrosion reaction whether in presence or in absence of the inhibitor and enhanced non-spontaneous behavior in presence of the certain inhibitor. Each one of the inhibitor has the mixed inhibition behavior.

In the current study, of two azo dyes made from coumarin and procaine (T1) and coumarin and Sulfa guanidine (T2)were synthesized. The dyes were characterized by IR, CHN, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectroscopic techniques. .
To make azo metal(II) complexes, these novel legands were combined with acetate salts of copper(II) and nickel(II) in a 1:2 molar ratio.The metal to ligand ratio [M:L] in all complexes, according to analytical data, is (1:2).This ligand behaves as a bidentate chelating, according to spectral and analytical data.Thermo gravimetric (TGA) analysis was used to study the thermal behavior of these substances. These chemicals' thermal breakdown is a multi-stage process

This work describes removal of hydrocarbons from aqueous solution using porcelanite as an adsorbent surface with investigation of some factors that affect on adsorption process of the hydrocarbons such as contact time, primary hydrocarbons concentration in the solution, adsorbent particle size and temperature of the solution. Removal of hydrocarbons was conducted using the batch method. From the obtained results, it was found that, the quantity of adsorbed hydrocarbons was increased with increase in adsorption temperature .Equilibrium time was attained at 30min for efficient removal of hydrocarbons. Removal percentage of hydrocarbons over porcelanite powder was found to be 41.61% and the amount of adsorbed hydrocarbons over porcelanite was 83.22(mg/g). The results of adsorption processes were more fitted with Friendlich model rather than Langmuir adsorption model. Thermodynamic study showed that, ΔH was endothermic, ΔG at the values were negative at lower concentrations and then turned positive when concentrations increased and ΔS was found to be positive.

Cinnamon plant Activated Carbon (C/AC) was prepared by chemical and thermal activation. The adsorption behaviour of (C/AC) in aqueous Methylene blue (MB) and Safranine (S) dyes was investigated and characterized by XRD, TEM and FESEM. The possible mechanism of the adsorption of (MB) and (S) dyes on the (C/AC) surface was studied. The influence of various adsorption control parameters like the initial dye concentration, pH, contact time, and temperature was studied. The data confirmed a high removal of (MB) and (S) at pH=11. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to examine the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption data reveal (MB) with the maximum capacity of (294.11) mg/g and (S) with the capacity of (285.714) mg/g. The kinetic data for different initial dye concentration were computed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion model. Thermodynamic parameters includes enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), free energy (ΔG), and activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption process were calculated and used to interpret the results, and revealed that the adsorption systems were a spontaneous and endothermic process for adsorption of MB and S dyes onto the adsorbent surface. Also, low activation energy values (Ea<40 kJ/mol) were characteristics of the physisorption mechanism and diffusion-controlled process.

This research involves synthesis of heterocyclic compounds (5-Phenyl-1,3,5-dithiazinane) by using one-pot method and cationic surfactants as quaternary ammonium salts (5-phenyl-5-tetradecyl-1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-ium bromide and N-tetradecylbenzenaminium bromide), which contains structural sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrocarbon tail in the molecule. The synthesized compounds were used as an inhibitor of corrosion in petroleum pipelines were used by the Basra Oil Company.
The compounds (a, b, and c) were identified by FT – IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies,

The research includes the development of a simple, sensitive and accurate differential pulse polarography method for the quantitative determination of furosemide drugs in pharmaceutical preparations and in their pure and commercial forms, the electrochemical behavior using the dropping mercury electrode DME, as well as finding the values of the half-wave potential (E1/2) as a qualitative value, the number of electrons that were transferred and participating in the reduction process. The furosemide drug showed a clear reduction peak at a voltage of (-0.24) volts under optimal conditions. The correlation coefficient for furosemide at a concentration range of (2–24) μg.ml-1 was 0.9969, the LOD and LOQ of the drug were 2.139 and 7.129, respectively, and the average relative standard deviation (RSD) of the drug was 1.41%, with recovery of the f drug 97.58% and (n =5).

This work includes synthesis some of 2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3-benzothiazole derivatives which synthesized from 2-hydrazino-1,3-benzothiazole with dicarbonyl compounds. The prepared compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR and also studied the physical properties. The effect of the biological activity for these compounds were studied on the activity of AST and ALT enzymes in human serum of myocardial infarction patients. The studies show the compounds (A2 and A5) caused inhibition while the compound (A3 and A4) caused activation for the activity for AST and ALT enzymes.

poly (1-hexene-co-maleic anhydride) was prepared by free radical polymerization of maleic anhydride with 1-hexene. 1- tetradecanol and 1-hexadecanol were reacted with the poly(l-hexene-co-maleic anhydride)to produce poly (1-hexene-co-ditetraclecyl maleate) and poly (1-hexene-co-dihexadecyl maleate) respectively . Poly (methyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride) was prepared from the reaction maleic anhydride with methyl methacrylate by free radical polymerization, then the resulting polymer was reacted with 1-tetradecanol to give poly(methyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride). the three prepared polymers was characterized by FTIR and HNMR spectroscopy, while the thermal stability and molecular weight measured by Thermogravimetric analysis TGA and Gel permeation chromatography GPC. the prepared polymers was used to improves the pour point depressant and viscosity index for three base oils from Dura Refinery. the results show the efficiency of the three polymers to improve the pour point and Viscosity index of the base oil.

New two compounds of a five-membered heterocyclic rings triazoles compounds (T1) 4-(4,6-dioxo-5-(p-tolyl)-4,5,6,6atetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,2,3] triazol-1(3aH)-yl)benzene sulfonamide & (T2) 4-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,6-dioxo-4,5,6,6atetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazol-1(3aH)-yl) which were synthesized

The papear include synthesis of four of pyrazole derivatives from the reaction of chalcones with substituted hydrazine. FT-IR, Mass, and H1-NMR spectra identified the compounds. The new pyrazoles (Py1-Py4) studies as anti-bacterial against negative and positive gram stain. The prepared compounds gave the high and different abilities to inhibit these bacteria according to the type of the substituted group. The inhibition ratio of pyrazole substituted by the COOH group (Py1) was 28 mm, while pyrazole substituted by OH in the meta position was less able to inhibit.