JOURNAL OF KUFA FOR CHEMICAL SCIENCES

A dull detectors, Fluorometer and photometer, were constructed from simple available components. This lab build detector was supplied with two microcontrollers and joined with flow injection system. The proposed system was successfully used to determine fluorescein and methylene blue by changing the angle from 90 to 180 respectively. The obtained results clearly indicated that system is simple, inexpensive, easy to use and can be used in educational laboratory.

In the current study, waste polyvinyl chloride pipes were used as a basic material in the reactions, which are widely used Infor water supply and drainage system, where the waste pipes were prepared by cleaning them from suspended materials and grinding them into small particles, then reacting natural polymers from plant; Tannic acid .We have obtained modified polymer (PVC/Tannic acid) or PVC-Ta. The modified polymer have been grinded to obtain powder .Four techniques were used to characterize the properties of natural and prepared polymers: Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) , X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry (DTA-TG) . The study included the use modified polymers (PVC-Ta) to clean up the oil spill on the surface of the water by using the absorption phenomenon. This study included studying the effect of several conditions on the functioning of modified polymers, such as the amount of absorbent and time, for obtaining optimal conditions.

In the current study, waste polyvinyl chloride pipes were used as a primary material in the reactions, which are widely used for water supply and drainage systems where the waste pipes were prepared by cleaning them from suspended materials and grinding them into small particles, then reacting natural polymers from a plant; Alginic acid. We have obtained modified polymer (PVC/Alginate) or AL-PVC which have been grinded to obtain a powder. Four methods were used to characterize the properties of natural and prepared polymers: Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry (TGA-TG). The effectiveness of AL-PVC polymer as a coagulant flocculant in the treatment of surface water has been studied. Tests were carried out in the laboratory on two kinds of water (50 NTU and 100 NTU). The first one is the synthesis of water mixed with high and low concentrations of bentonite, simulating thus turbid water. The second one is raw water from the treatment station of the Shatt Al-Arab River. The performance of the coagulation-flocculation process has been assessed by measuring the supernatant turbidity for different pH, doses, and flocculation times of the AL-PVC polymer. The obtained results show that AL-PVC polymer effectiveness was strongly dependent on pH and the doses of AL-PVC polymer, the initial turbidity, and the water quality. The physical and chemical methods used in the present study of water treatments are mainly due to their simplicity, ease of use, low cost as well as excellent removal efficiency

The study included the preparation and diagnosis of disulfur ligands (Dithiols) and the preparation of their complex with monovalent (Silver), which included the the following steps: First: preparation of the sulfur compound through the reaction of Grignard reagent (ClPhMgX), with carbon disulfide (CS2), this step form [ClPhCS2]- , an acidic liquid sulfur compound which was converted into a dimer compound by second step :- reacting with (Benzene tetra methyl ammonium hydroxyl) which produce a negatively charged compound [ClPhCS2]-, which is a viscous, hydrated compound with a strong sulfur smell. The product [ClPhCS2]- react with dichloromethane (DCM) which produce (methylene-bis (p-Chlorodithiobenzoate). Which is characterized with (IR,UV-VIS, 1H-NMR, 13C spectroscopy , mass spectrometry) then followed by Analytical study for the prepared compound were investigated by preparation of their complex with Monovalent (Silver), where the stability constants of the prepared complex were studied, which showed the stability of the complex at room temperature and at pH (PH = 8). The absorbance of the complex for UV-Vis. light was studied and the mole ratio (M: L) was studied. From the study of spectroscopic methods.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) also known as coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemic heart disease (IHD), where it is caused by hindrance of blood transit to muscle of heart cause to collect the lipid and cholesterol on the inner wall of the heart. Because of atherosclerosis, CAD contains many types of disease: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction (MI), and sudden cardiac death. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is known as angioplasty is a non-surgical operation performed using a catheter to cram either inflate a balloon in the narrowing place or a stent (a very small fin grid tube made of either plastic or metal of stainless steel). So it is covered with medicine to prevent the coronary artery blockage again), to expand or open up the vessels in the muscle of the heart that contain plaque buildup that cause stenosis. Lipid profile is main factor of danger to CVD; each formed of lipid profiles is linked with rise in happening of coronary artery disease (CAD). I

The present work included the synthesis of some new Schiff base derivatives of hydrazine hydrate coupled with ethyl-5-phenyl-2-(1,3,4-oxadiazole thiol) acetate, this role reacted with mercapto-acetic acid to synthesize five-membered ring heterocyclic compound derivatives. The yields of all synthesized compounds were good. All compounds were confirmed by their melting point, FT-IR spectra, and 1HNMR spectra for some of them.
Keyword: Schiff bases,mercapto-acetic acid, Oxadiazole, hydrazine

Anew Schiff base ligand. (HMPHM) 3-((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)-4-((€-(3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxyl methyl)-2-Methyl)puridin-4-yl)methylene)amino)phenyl)(phenyl)methanon has been Prepared from reacting(3-amino-4-(((3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxylmethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methylene)amino)phenyl)(phenyl)methanone with P-Chloro benzaldehyde Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Au(III) ions were used to create a new series of chelate complexes. The structures of the new Schiff base ligand and their transition metal complexes were characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) technique, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), mass analysis, molar conductance, and magnetic susceptibility. [(M)(L)2] where M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II), and [(M)(L)Cl]Cl where M = Au (III). The coordination sites of the Schiff base ligand were revealed by FTIR to be through oxygen of the hydroxyl group, and the nitrogen of azomethine groups. Based on data obtained, the octahedral geometry was suggested for all ligand complexes exception of the Au(III) complex, which had a square planar geometry.

This paper deals with two main parts: part (I) performed the caffeine levels evaluation in three commercial tea leaves (black, green, and herbal tea) in Erbil markets and Halabja city. The caffeine was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane and chloroform solvents. The extracted caffeine was purified, and then identified by melting point (M.P), ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy that provides spectra identical to the standard caffeine crystals. The level of caffeine in black tea was found greater than in green tea, presumably because black tea are made of older tea leaves, in contrast, there is no caffeine obtained from Halabja tea. Part (II) mentioned the determination of metal ions (lithium, sodium, potassium, and calcium) in 5 brands of black and green tea (leaves and bags) in addition to Halabja tea; using flame atomic emission (FAES) and flame atomic absorption (FAAS) spectroscopy. The tea beverages were prepared by three different methods: (chemically, infusion, and continuous infusion). There was a moderate quantity of sodium, potassium, and calcium was determined in the 5 brands of tea, while lithium found in the trace. Halabja tea was free from caffeine while lithium, sodium, potassium, and calcium elements of the Halabja herbal tea are all higher than all the other types of tea leaves and bags.

In this study, 4-chlorobenzodithioatebenzyltrimethylammonium and 4-methoxylbenzodithioatebenzyltrimethylammonium were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR, UV-Visible and Mass techniques. Then they evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel alloy (C1010) against corrosive environment of hydrochloric acid at different concentrations at 25 ˚C. both inhibitors revealed an excellent inhibition efficiency (97.95) % and (97.13) % at optimal concentrations (9) ppm and (8) ppm respectively. The effect of temperature on the corrosion was studied in absence and presence of the inhibitor, the raising of temperature leads to reduce the efficiency of the inhibitor and CR was enhanced. On the other hand, kinetic parameters such as activation energy , enthalpy of activation , entropy of activation and Gibbs free energy of activation were calculated which are insisted a physical adsorbed behavior for the inhibitor, an endothermic corrosion reaction whether in presence or in absence of the inhibitor and enhanced non-spontaneous behavior in presence of the certain inhibitor. Each one of the inhibitor has the mixed inhibition behavior.

In the current study, of two azo dyes made from coumarin and procaine (T1) and coumarin and Sulfa guanidine (T2)were synthesized. The dyes were characterized by IR, CHN, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectroscopic techniques. .
To make azo metal(II) complexes, these novel legands were combined with acetate salts of copper(II) and nickel(II) in a 1:2 molar ratio.The metal to ligand ratio [M:L] in all complexes, according to analytical data, is (1:2).This ligand behaves as a bidentate chelating, according to spectral and analytical data.Thermo gravimetric (TGA) analysis was used to study the thermal behavior of these substances. These chemicals' thermal breakdown is a multi-stage process

This work describes removal of hydrocarbons from aqueous solution using porcelanite as an adsorbent surface with investigation of some factors that affect on adsorption process of the hydrocarbons such as contact time, primary hydrocarbons concentration in the solution, adsorbent particle size and temperature of the solution. Removal of hydrocarbons was conducted using the batch method. From the obtained results, it was found that, the quantity of adsorbed hydrocarbons was increased with increase in adsorption temperature .Equilibrium time was attained at 30min for efficient removal of hydrocarbons. Removal percentage of hydrocarbons over porcelanite powder was found to be 41.61% and the amount of adsorbed hydrocarbons over porcelanite was 83.22(mg/g). The results of adsorption processes were more fitted with Friendlich model rather than Langmuir adsorption model. Thermodynamic study showed that, ΔH was endothermic, ΔG at the values were negative at lower concentrations and then turned positive when concentrations increased and ΔS was found to be positive.

Cinnamon plant Activated Carbon (C/AC) was prepared by chemical and thermal activation. The adsorption behaviour of (C/AC) in aqueous Methylene blue (MB) and Safranine (S) dyes was investigated and characterized by XRD, TEM and FESEM. The possible mechanism of the adsorption of (MB) and (S) dyes on the (C/AC) surface was studied. The influence of various adsorption control parameters like the initial dye concentration, pH, contact time, and temperature was studied. The data confirmed a high removal of (MB) and (S) at pH=11. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to examine the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption data reveal (MB) with the maximum capacity of (294.11) mg/g and (S) with the capacity of (285.714) mg/g. The kinetic data for different initial dye concentration were computed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion model. Thermodynamic parameters includes enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), free energy (ΔG), and activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption process were calculated and used to interpret the results, and revealed that the adsorption systems were a spontaneous and endothermic process for adsorption of MB and S dyes onto the adsorbent surface. Also, low activation energy values (Ea<40 kJ/mol) were characteristics of the physisorption mechanism and diffusion-controlled process.

This research involves synthesis of heterocyclic compounds (5-Phenyl-1,3,5-dithiazinane) by using one-pot method and cationic surfactants as quaternary ammonium salts (5-phenyl-5-tetradecyl-1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-ium bromide and N-tetradecylbenzenaminium bromide), which contains structural sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrocarbon tail in the molecule. The synthesized compounds were used as an inhibitor of corrosion in petroleum pipelines were used by the Basra Oil Company.
The compounds (a, b, and c) were identified by FT – IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies,

The research includes the development of a simple, sensitive and accurate differential pulse polarography method for the quantitative determination of furosemide drugs in pharmaceutical preparations and in their pure and commercial forms, the electrochemical behavior using the dropping mercury electrode DME, as well as finding the values of the half-wave potential (E1/2) as a qualitative value, the number of electrons that were transferred and participating in the reduction process. The furosemide drug showed a clear reduction peak at a voltage of (-0.24) volts under optimal conditions. The correlation coefficient for furosemide at a concentration range of (2–24) μg.ml-1 was 0.9969, the LOD and LOQ of the drug were 2.139 and 7.129, respectively, and the average relative standard deviation (RSD) of the drug was 1.41%, with recovery of the f drug 97.58% and (n =5).

This work includes synthesis some of 2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3-benzothiazole derivatives which synthesized from 2-hydrazino-1,3-benzothiazole with dicarbonyl compounds. The prepared compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR and also studied the physical properties. The effect of the biological activity for these compounds were studied on the activity of AST and ALT enzymes in human serum of myocardial infarction patients. The studies show the compounds (A2 and A5) caused inhibition while the compound (A3 and A4) caused activation for the activity for AST and ALT enzymes.

poly (1-hexene-co-maleic anhydride) was prepared by free radical polymerization of maleic anhydride with 1-hexene. 1- tetradecanol and 1-hexadecanol were reacted with the poly(l-hexene-co-maleic anhydride)to produce poly (1-hexene-co-ditetraclecyl maleate) and poly (1-hexene-co-dihexadecyl maleate) respectively . Poly (methyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride) was prepared from the reaction maleic anhydride with methyl methacrylate by free radical polymerization, then the resulting polymer was reacted with 1-tetradecanol to give poly(methyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride). the three prepared polymers was characterized by FTIR and HNMR spectroscopy, while the thermal stability and molecular weight measured by Thermogravimetric analysis TGA and Gel permeation chromatography GPC. the prepared polymers was used to improves the pour point depressant and viscosity index for three base oils from Dura Refinery. the results show the efficiency of the three polymers to improve the pour point and Viscosity index of the base oil.

New two compounds of a five-membered heterocyclic rings triazoles compounds (T1) 4-(4,6-dioxo-5-(p-tolyl)-4,5,6,6atetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,2,3] triazol-1(3aH)-yl)benzene sulfonamide & (T2) 4-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,6-dioxo-4,5,6,6atetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazol-1(3aH)-yl) which were synthesized

The papear include synthesis of four of pyrazole derivatives from the reaction of chalcones with substituted hydrazine. FT-IR, Mass, and H1-NMR spectra identified the compounds. The new pyrazoles (Py1-Py4) studies as anti-bacterial against negative and positive gram stain. The prepared compounds gave the high and different abilities to inhibit these bacteria according to the type of the substituted group. The inhibition ratio of pyrazole substituted by the COOH group (Py1) was 28 mm, while pyrazole substituted by OH in the meta position was less able to inhibit.

New formazan (FOZ) derivative was synthesized and evaluated as an anti-breast cancer and antioxidant agent. Chemical structure of FOZ was proved by CHN, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and Mass techniques. The anti-proliferative activity of FOZ was estimated toward breast cancer cells. The synthesized compound displayed significant anti-breast cancer activity towered MCF-7 cells. The MTT examination demonstrated that 16 μg/ml of FOZ and doxorubicin (Dox) as a standard drug suppressed cell growth by 83.33% and 92.66%, respectively after 48hrs. The formazan antioxidant activity was estimated in vitro at various concentrations (25-400ug/ml) and the outcomes showed that 400 μg/ml of FOZ was more efficient compared to ascorbic acid.

In this study, synthesised new ligand: potassium 2,2'-(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl)bis(1-phenylhydrazinecarbodithioate) (L). The ligand synthesised by reacting N1,N2-dip-tolyloxalamide as the starting material with CS2 and KOH to add the CS2 group and then with phenylendiammine to achieve (L).
The ligand used in the synthesis of complexes with (CoII, NiII and CdII). The new ligand and its complexes characterised by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H, 13C-NMR, Mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, in addition to the above techniques were using magnetic moment, atomic absorption, chloride content, and melting point to describe the metal complexes.

Iraqi heavy crude oil (26.85 API) is processed by a laboratory-made fuel injection system and through the deasphalting oil (DAO) extraction process by different solvents and the application of different variables. The system was built with low-cost parts found in local markets. The purpose of a manufactured fuel system is to enhance the API and specific gravity (Sp.gr.) specifications of the collected samples and obtain the reduced crude oil through the DAO process. The extraction was carried out with a temperature range, a solvent flow rate, a mixing coil length, a solvent entry time, and different types of solvents. In general, results show that the API and Sp.gr of DAO increased from 26.85 and 0.8936 to 39.28 and 0.8132, respectively. Also, sulfur content decreased from 4.1967 wt.% to 2.201 wt.% at optimum conditions. The semi-automated MPFA system was successfully used to enhance crude oil specifications sensitive and accurate manner.

The present study demonstrates the physical properties of BODIPY dye with efficient absorption and fluorescence phenomena in the green region of wavelength between (500-565) nm, the BODIPY dye adsorption over the solid state on polydimethyl siloxane PDMS, was studied. For this dye maximum absorption was at 500 nm and a BODIPY dye signal in the polydimethyl siloxane compound PDMS indicates the presence of adsorbed dye in the higher concentration of BODIPY dye. The fluorescence of this dye in chloroform was measured, this dye exhibited a maximum fluorescence at λem at 512 nm at different concentrations. The maximum absorption of BODIPY dye with green BODIPY dye, was located at 517 nm, while the maximum absorption of 5,5-difluoro-1,3,7,9-tertamethyl-10-(3,4,5-tris(dodecyloxy)phenyl)-5H-4λ4,5λ4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2’,1’-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine eh236f1 compound was located at 511 nm. On the other hand, the maximum absorption of BODIPY dye with blue BODIPY dye, was located at 517 nm.

Sickle cell anemia is one of genetic diseases caused by hemoglobin biochemical disorder in especially in polypeptidic chain of this protein. The study was conducted from October 2019 to December 2020 and included two sets of samples Patient and Healthy .The current study was curried out to evaluate some enzymes and trace elements in patients with sickle cell anemia. The levels of copper (Cu) were estimated spectrophotometrically by reaction of copper with 4 – (3,5 – dibromo – 2- pyridylazo) – N – ethyl sulphopropylaniline to produce a chelating complex.The determination was carried out at wavelength equal to 520 nm. Finally, absorbances were recorded and they are proportional to concentration of copper in the sample . Also, the levels of zinc in serum of blood belonging to sickle cell anemia (SCA) were investigated and estimated by reaction of zinc with chromogen existing in the characteristic kit to produce coloured complex. The absorbances were recorded spectrophotometrically which are proportional to concentration of zinc in blood sample . The levels of biochemical variables were estimated using ARCHITECT c4000 systems provided by ABBOTT Company, which are designed with advanced technology, accuracy in clinical results and ease of handling. The device uses a sample size at a rate of 6μL in all measurements of chemical variables.The total values of the current results were made and expressed by calculation of the mean ± standard deviation. Analysis of all results data were carried out by using a statistical procedure according to analysis of variance univariate . Statistical programmer of social science (SPSS ,v.23 ) was depended for calculation of significant differences for the different groups of patients infected by SCA disease and healthy persons . The correlation regression coefficient (r) was used and depended to distinguish between the means of groups belonging to all patients and healthy individuals ( control group ) .The p-value was agreed for less than 0.05 to the limit of lowest significance .

In this paper azo-chalcone compound was synthesized by coupling paramino-acetophenone with parabromobenzaldehyde to prepared chalcone , and preparing a mixture of azo-chalcone from reacted diazonium salt of Chalcone with Paracetamol new five complexes of divalent ions (Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd) were prepared by mixture azo-chalcone with 8-hydroxy quinoline, The results show that the mole ratio (metal - ligand) is (1:1:1) for all chelates . The ligand characterized by 1HNMR, mass spectrum and its complexes were characterized by microanalysis of the elements, UV-Vis, FTIR, molar conduction and magnetic moment azo- chalcone coordinated via (N) atom of azo group and (O) atom of OH group of Paracetamol with metal ions. Based on the obtained results, an octahedral geometry were proposed for all chelate complexes. The effect of the biological examination of Ni (II) complex was tested antitumor Breast cancer cells and compared with healthy cells to show the possibility of using these compounds in a therapeutic manner.

Ten copolymer gels were prepared from dimethylaminomethacrylate and 2-acrylamido-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid with crosslinking agent methylene-bisacrylamide by redox polymerization. Hydrogels were characterized by studying their swelling ratios, the surface morphology by SEM, and studying the porosity and specific surface area by BET technique. The hydrogel copolymers were used to remove Congo red dye from aqueous solutions. It was found that there are two copolymers (C20 and E20) gave the best results for removing this dye from aqueous solutions at pH 7. The adsorption behavior was in agreement with Freundlich's model for C20, while E20 matched with Langmuir's model. It was also found that adsorption of Congo red dye on the two copolymeric hydrogels followed a - - posuo duopes odufsp kinetics. The results of the activation energy showed that the adsorption of the dye with the hydrogel C20 is chemisorption in nature, while it is physisorption with the hydrogel E20. Finally

Thalassemia is a recessive genetic disease resulting from a disorder and defect in hemoglobin production. The current study was designed to evaluate some hematological and biochemical variables and their relationship to serum ferritin (iron stock ) levels in Thalassemia patients and study them in terms of housing, age and blood types in Maysan Governorate

In this study, some thioether compounds were prepared by thiol-ene click reaction using cheap starting materials from natural source or plastic waste such as limonene from orange peel, and styrene by thermal degradation (cracking) of plastic waste like spoon and fork plastic, and different reaction conditions were achieved, some starting material did not need any catalyst or heat like limonene reacts with thioglycolic acid to give 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)propyl)thio)acetic acid , where the reaction was exothermic and very fast, while the styrene need the catalyst such as water or glycerol to start the reaction with thioglycolic acid through nucleophilic addition to give 2-(phenethylthio)acetic acid . The synthesized thioether compounds were prepared in high yield through anti-Markonickov rule at room temperature and diagnosed by FT- IR and H-NMR .

CdO nanoparticles show a strong peak of Plasmon absorption in ultraviolet–visible zone. A strong interaction exists between the surface of CdO nanoparticles and aryl mercaptan compounds. Aryl mercaptan compounds cause to aggregation of CdO nanoparticles linked to DNA/RNA and hence, lead to widening of peak Plasmon of CdO nanoparticles surface at 550 (nm) and emerging a new peak at higher wavelength. In the current project, this optical characteristic of CdO nanoparticles is used to time investigate of interaction between different aryl mercaptanes and CdO nanoparticles. The results were shown that aryl mercaptan compounds with shorter chain length interact faster with CdO nanoparticles. Therefore, a simple and fast method for identification of aryl mercaptanes with various chain length using red shift in surficial Plasmon absorption is presented

In this study new antioxidant compounds were prepared by (thiol-ene) click chemistry, where these compounds were prepared using (1:1) mole ratio of (thiol : eugenol) in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as initiator and the reaction is carried out at (100 0C) for (9) hrs.
(FT-IR), (1HNMR), and mass spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized compounds. They were evaluated as antioxidants by adding compounds to base oil and lubricant oil, where they showed high antioxidant activity against lubricant oil oxidation processes.

In this research, we discuss the removal of malachite green dye by strontium hydroxyapatite supported BiOCl. A modified hydrolysis model, one can synthesise BiOCl/SrHA. BiOCl/SrHA was characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-vis) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy diffraction X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM outcome confirmed the dispersion of BiOCl onto strontium hydroxyapatite. The shape of the BiOCl catalytic samples overlapped with each other to form 3D hierarchical flower-like structures. The UV-visible was used as a radiation source during photocatalysis. BiOCl/SrHA had an effect on malachite green dye degradation. The oxidative removal occurred through hydroxyl radical formation. UV-visible (UV-vis) /BiOCl/SrHA showed perfect photocatalytic property for the decay of malachite green (MG) from an aqueous solution. According to kinetics analysis, the dye degradation rates could be in a pseudo-first-order model.

:using Spectrophotometric study for ion pair an identificationvis) as -uvand ( ,IR)-using (FTof maximum appeared wave length ,tractioncomplex of Zn(II) ion extracted into cloud point expair -for extracted Zn (II) ion as ion λ =470 nm ,for organic reagent nm absorbance was λ =447association, laboratory produced novel azo the study about Determination the optimum ) in 10 mL (II 100 μg Znextraction and determination conditions were pH = 8 in the presence of ° for 15 minutes,114, and heating temperature of 80 c-aqueous solution, 0.5 mL Triton XTheromdynamic parameters of CPE for extraction process of the ion –pair association complex in the triton X-114 were also considered ΔH= + 0.2627 kJ mol-1, ΔG - 58.973 kJ mol-1, ΔS= + 167.8 J mol-1 K-1 That referred endothermic reaction, with limit of Detection (LOD=0.3798 ppm ) and limit of quantitation (LOQ= 1.266 ppm) ,RSD%=0.362, Molar absorptivity –4 -pair complex extracted was 1:2 [Zn -stoichiometry shows the ion ).1-.cm1-=43590Lmolℇ(in addition to study of electrolyte effect and spectrophotometric determination , -Cl:2+2CMePAI]–calibration curve linear with correlation coefficient [Zn 4 samples. Theof Zn(II) in different ination of zinc in applied for the determ methodof r =0.999 .The proposed -:2Cl+2CMePAI] vegetables

A series of copolyesters were prepared from a dicarboxylic acid, curcumin analogues (monocarbonyl) and thymol blue dye in the mole ratio of 2:1:1 by direct polycondensation using triethylamine (Et3N) as the condensation agent. The dicarboxylic used is 2,6-Pyridine dicarbonyl dichloride acid. The curcumin analogues were prepared by acid catalyzed Aldol condensation reaction. These copolyesters were characterized by FT-IR. The fluorescence of the synthesized copolyesters was also investigated. Furthermore, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the thermal stability of these copolymers .

Series of new hydrazones derived from different carboxylic acid hydrazides and aromatic aldehydes (7-10, 20-25) have been synthesized and characterized by spectral techniques (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectrometry). The target compounds are designed to have the different substituents at the para position for both parts of the structures (hydrazide and aldehyde parts. The synthesized compounds have been evaluated as antimicrobial agents by studying their biological activity against two bacteria strains Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (as gram-positive bacteria), Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp (as gram-negative bacteria), the antifungal activity was studied against Candida albicans fungi. The obtained results showed a moderate antimicrobial activity for the test compounds when compared with ampicillin. The synthesized compounds were also subjected to molecular docking studies which were carried out against the bacteria strain Staphylococcus aureus DHFR.

ABSTRACT:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common micro vascular complication of diabetes and the leading source of vision loss in patients with diabetes mellitus all over the word; other potential causes, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and cataract must be considered
Objective: Describe the pathophysiological and biochemical associated with diabetes mellitus DM in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Method: Participants of one hundred and fifty patients with type two diabetes mellitus 2DM aged 20-70 years old who were diagnosed and treated at specialized diabetic clinic in Baghdad hospitals. All the individuals subject to questionnaire interview ,serum biochemical analysis and assessment of their blood sugar at the day of detect presence or not any form of retinopathy by direct ,indirect ophthalmoscopes using slit-lamp bio microscopy with 3-mirrores and +90Dlenses,detecting of whole blood. Blood pressure were tested also.
Results: It was shown that older ages of the persons with 2DM are the greater the chance of progression the DR, the majority of patients developing DR were with age more than sixty years. From the data it was found male were more susceptible to DR than women .Positive family history had a significant role from parents to sons
Conclusion: The most important of eye disorders is diabetic retinopathy which is severe ocular complexities causing loss of sight and blindness in 2DM patients, the main factors leading to developing diabetic retinopathy is poor regulation of diabetic and uncontrolled hypertension, also aged male gender are highly associated with aggravate of diabetic retinopathy.