Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

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Chromosome Number and Iinternal Anatomy of Leaf and Stem and Sstomatal Complexes of the Plant Lycopus europaeus L. in Iraq

ميسون خضر عباس البياتي

Pages: 1-8 English

Abstract

حسب العدد الكروموسومي الاحادي لنبات الفراسيون المائي Lycopus europaeus L.
المنتشر بريا في العراق ، لاول مرة وكان 11 . ودرست الصفات التشريحية للورقة وللساق في نباتات هذا النوع وكان النسيج المتوسط لنصل الورقة من نوع ثنائي الاوجه Bifacial . وظهرت الكولنكيما الزاوية Angular collenchyma اكثر وضوحا في الزوايا الاربع للساق بشكل قوس خارجي ، وترتبت تحتها اربع حزم وعائية رئيسة ، واحدة في كل زاوية . كما كانت المعقدات الثغرية Stomatal complexes من طرازين المتعامد الخلايا Diacytic type والمتباين الخلايا Anisocytic type .

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Lithotripsy of Urinary Tract Stones by Using Eggshell

A. G. Sabar

Pages: 1-7 English

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Abstract

This research aimed to use eggshell powder as a lithtripsian for different types of urinary stones and determine the efficiency of these preparations against different types of stone.
The grounded and sterilized eggshell was dissolved in fresh lemon juice .The treatment was orally given for successive 7 days before breakfast.
Eighty five patients with different types of urinary stone were participated in this research. All patients were subjected to Ultrasonography and intravenous pyelography examinations to localize the position and detect diameter of the stone. The above examination and also biochemical tests for diagnosis of stones ingredients were repeated after the administration of treatment and excretion of stone fragments in urine. The results cleared out 60 (100% ) of patients with pure uric acid stone undergoes completely lithotripsed of there stones, while 10 out of 25 (40%) of patients with mixed(uric acid/ ca-oxalate) stone were only undergoes lithotripsic events. The results were so promising especially against pure uric acid stone.

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External Morphology of Planthopper Dictyophara iranica Germar 1833,( Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae ) from Iraq

A. J. SABER

Pages: 8-15 English

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Abstract

The external morphology of planthoppers belong to the genus Dictyophara Germar 1833, has been described.The study included detailed description of the external morphology of Dictyophara iranica Germar 1833. External morphological characters of the head, thorax and their appendages were used. Those characters were supported by studying the male genitalia.

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The Effect of essential oil extracted from yellow peel of Citrus aurantium L. on growth of some fungi

ثامر عبد الشهيد محسن

Pages: 9-14 English

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Abstract

أجريت دراسة مختبرية لمعرفة تأثير الزيت الطيار لقشور ثمار نبات النارنج الصفرC. aurantium تجاه النمو السطحي للفطريات Penicillium expansum، Aspergillus flavus و Fusarium oxysporum ، أظهرت نتائج الفعالية التثبيطية للزيت الطيار تأثيراً معنويا متفاوتاً في الفطريات المشمولة بالدراسة، إذ كان الزيت الطيار أكثر تأثيرأَ في الفطر P. expansum تلاه الفطر A. flavus ،في حين كان الفطر oxysporum F.أقل حساسية تجاه الزيت الطيار. بصورة عامة اظهر الزيت الطيار تأثيرا تثبيطيا طرديا بزيادة التراكيز وصولا الى التركيز 5% (حجم/حجم) الذي اظهر تثبيطا تاما للنمو لجميع الفطريات المدروسة.

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Histological Study of Stomach in (Mallard) Anas platyrhynchos

شيماء ربيع الهلالي, أرجوان عبد الهادي السوداني, روزة جهاد جبر

Pages: 15-22

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Abstract

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة التركيب النسجي للمعدة Stomach (المعدة الغدية والمعدة العضلية) في البط المحلي (الخضيري )Anas platyrhynchos , إذ استخدمت ستة طيور شملت الذكور والإناث على حد سواء وبعد التضحية بالطيور فتحت منطقة البطن ثم فصلت المعدة من اتصالها بالقناة الهضمية وبعد تنظيفها حفظت في محلول الفورمالين10%.
أظهرت الدراسة النسجية إن جدار المعدة الغدية والقانصة يتكون من أربع غلالات هي الغلالة المخاطية والغلالة تحت المخاطية والغلالة العضلية والغلالة المصلية، وجد في المعدة الغدية إن الطبقة المخاطية العضلية هي الجزء الإفرازي لهذا العضو، ولوحظ وجود المادة المتقرنة التي تبطن تجويف القانصة وظهرت الغلالة العضلية الخارجية هي الأكثر سمكاً من بين الغلالات الأربعة.

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Activity and Isoenzymes of Alkaline Phosphatase in Patients with Urinary Schistosomiasis in Balad Rouz Town, Diyala Province

N. Y. Al-Bayati, F. T. Mhaisen, N. M. Al-Bashir

Pages: 16-20

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Abstract

A total of 1550 urine samples were collected from pupils and households in Balad Rouz town, Diyala province and examined for urinary schistosomiasis during the period from October 2005 till December 2006. The total infection rate with Schistosoma haematobium was 2.13%. Serum and urine from all the 33 infected individuals and 25 controls were assayed for the estimation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The study revealed a significant increase in ALP values in both serum and urine of infected individuals. No significant differences in ALP activity were recorded among males and females and among different age groups. Through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ALP isoenzymes revealed three banding patterns which differ from the three zymodems obtained from control group. This is a cheap, reproducible and rapid method for detection of progressive disease in Schistosoma haematobium infection especially in endemic areas.

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Assessment of Leucocytes Migration Inhibition in Tuberculosis Patients

T.S. Khalid, S. K. Al-Agidi, W.Zuhair

Pages: 21-27

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Abstract

Leucocytes Migration Inhibition test in agarose was carried against PPD and Mycobacterium tuberculosisantigen . The proportion of different Kinds of migrating leucocytes was calculated and expressed as a function of the migration distance .
Application of this test to clinical problem revealed that with PPD as antigen , a highly significant inhibition was obtained in PPD skin test – positive normal individual , as well as, a high significant inhibition was recorded in individuals recovered from tuberculosis .
These results demonstrated the suitability of this test for routine detection for cell mediated immunity .

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Effect of Antioxidants (Vitamin C and E) on Function of Testes in Albino Mice Treated With Hexavalent Chromium

رقية علي سلمان, وليد حميد يوسف, محمد ناجي طه

Pages: 23-34

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Abstract

درس تأثير فيتامين C و E 500) ملغم/كغم لكل منهما( في وظيفة الخصية في الفئران المعاملة بالكروم سداسي التكافو( (1000 ppm, ولوحظ أن اعطاء الكروم سداسي التكافؤ مدة اربعة أسابيع قد سبب انخفاضا معنويا ) P<0.05 ( في اوزان الجسم مع عدم حدوث تغيرات معنوية في معدل أوزان الخصى، الحويصلات المئوية وغدة البروستات، فضلا عن حدوث انخفاض معنوي في النسبة المئوية للنطاف الحية مع زيادة في النسب المئوية للنطاف الميتة والتشوهات النطفية وانخفاض معدل اقطار الانيبيبات المئوية واعداد خلايا لايدك. أما فيتامين C فقد سبب تحسناً في معدلات الاوزان وخصائص النطاف .اما فيتامين E فقد احدث تحسنا في معدل اوزان الجسم والحويصلات المنوية والنسب المئوية للتشوهات النطفية, والنسب المئوية للنطاف الميتة والعدد الكلي للنطاف مع انخفاض النسبة المئوية للنطاف الحية ورجوع اقطار الانيبيبات المنوية واعدادخلايا لايدك والتركيب النسجي الانيبيبات المنوية الى حالتها الطبيعية.

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Toxicological and Physiological Effects of DDT on Caenorhabditis elegans

S.M. Mahmood

Pages: 28-34

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Abstract

Toxicity assays were used in this study to test how DDT affects lethality and brood size of Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans) by exposing them to various concentrations of this agent. These nematodes have provided a very informative system that was utilized to study the behavioural and physiological processes. The results showed that DDT affected the lethality in a dose-dependent manner, but 100% kill was not achieved with concentration tested. Whereas, sodium azide, positive control does have an effect on C. elegans and significantly inhibiting lethality (LC50 0.01mM).
Similarly, DDT led to a pronounced effect in brood size of C.elegans compared to the mean brood size recorded for the control (0.1% DMSO). Sodium azide results showed a greater difference in brood size compared to DDT.
Both agents, DDT and sodium azide caused a remarkable inhibitory effect on C.elegans pharyngeal pumping rate.
It can be concluded that the target site of DDT in C.elegans might not be the same target in insect.

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صلاحية مياه الآبار للشرب في مدينة الفلوجة , العراق

بشير علي بشير النعمة, حسن علي أكبرسعد الله, محمود عبد مشعان العلواني

Pages: 35-43

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Abstract

لجأ سكان مدينة الفلوجة الى المياه الجوفية بديلا" من المياه السطحية الواردة من نهر الفرات لاغراض الشرب والاستعمالات الاخرى , ولغرض توفير المياه للمنازل التي تقع في محيط الجوامع المنتشرة فيها فقد حُفَر عدد من الآبار خلال ربيع 2005 . تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة نوعية مياه هذه الآبار وبيان مدى صلاحيتها للشرب على وفق المعايير القياسية , ولهذا الغرض اختير 21 بئرا" في آب 2005 موزعة بشكل عشوائي داخل المدينة , ثم قيست الصفات الاتية لمياهها (معدل 21 قراءة او بئر ) :- درجة حرارة الماء (22,6مْ) , وقابلية التوصيل الكهربائي EC (4,11 مللي سيمنس/سم) ,ودرجة الاس الهيدروجيني pH (7,15) ,وتركيز الآيونات الموجبة الصوديوم Na (439 مللي غرام / لتر ), والبوتاسيوم K (275 مللي غرام / لتر ) ,والليثيوم Li (0,28 مللي غرام / لتر ), والباريوم Ba (15,2 مللي غرام / لتر) ,والكالسيوم Ca (133 ملي غرام / لتر) . قورنت النتائج مع الحدود المسموح بها على وفق المعايير العراقية الموضوعة لها والمبين تفاصيلها في متن البحث . اظهرت نتائج الدراسة عدم وجود علاقة بين درجة الحرارة وعمق البئر , كما تبين ايضا" أن مياه جميع الآبار قيد الدراسة لاتصلح للشرب لان قيم ECو K وBa كانت أعلى من الحدود المسموح بها , فضلا" عن ان قيم Na وCa لقسم من الآبار قد جاوزت الحدود المسموح بها .

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Evaluation of Erythrocyte Malondialdehyde, Glutathione Concentration and Serum Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients with Toxoplasma gondii

A. A. M. Al-Azzauy

Pages: 35-40

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological importance of the magnitude of oxidative stress, antioxidant and the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in the female patients infected with Toxoplasma gondii by analyzing the levels of erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator for the oxidative stress and erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) level as indicator for the antioxidant status and serum nitric oxide levels. This prospective study was conducted on fifty female patients with toxoplasmosis and thirty normal healthy females of comparable age and sex were considered as normal control. A statistically significant difference was found between patients and control group in terms of MDA, GSH and NO levels. A decrease in erythrocyte GSH levels was detected, while erythrocyte MDA and serum NO levels increased significantly as compared with normal healthy control. Consequently, the results suggest that the high infection vs control of increased erythrocyte MDA and serum NO levels probably suggest the occurrence as a mechanism of tissue change in cases of toxoplasmosis. Moreover, it is recommended that the patient levels of MDA, GSH, and NO should be evaluated in toxoplasmosis.

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Effect of Chilling Imbibition on Seed Germination

M. K. Abbas

Pages: 41-48

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Abstract

T omato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds were
imbided with water at 10°c or 4°c for 4, 8, and 16 hours before planting to study germination
rate, mean germination time, and final germination percentage as well as electrolyte leakage
from chilled seeds. Seeds imbided more water at 10°c compared to that at 4°c. Coefficient
velocity of germination and final percent of germination decreased with the decrease of
temperature and increasing time of imbibition. Germination percent under laboratory
conditions was higher than that under field conditions. Also, it was found that tomato seeds
were more sensitive to chilling imbibition. Electrolyte leakage increased as temperature of
imbibition increases.

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Chewing Lice (Mallophaga) Parasitic on Pycnonotus leucotis in Al- Diwaniya city

هادي مدلول الميالي, اخلاص عباس الزبيدي, هديل جبار الموسوي

Pages: 44-50

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Abstract

أجريت هذه الدراسة بهدف التعرف على أنواع القمل المتطفل على البلبل العراقي أبيض الخد(White cheeked bulbul) Pycnonotus leucotis وجمع لهذا الغرض 24 طائراً من مدينة الديوانية وفحصت خارجياً لعزل القمل منها.أظهرت نتائج الدراسة إصابة البلبل أبيض الخد بخمسة أنواع من القمل العاض بنسبة إصابة كلية بلغت 87.5 %.وهذه الأنواع هي :Menacanthus sp. ، Columbicola columbae ، Bonomiella columbae ، Coloceras damicorne و Alcedoecus sp. وأن نتائج هذه الدراسة تمثل أول عزل لهذه الأنواع من البلبل أبيض الخد في العراق أذا عد البلبل أبيض الخد مضيفاجديدا لها في العراق.وقد ظهر النوع Menacanthus sp. بأعلى نسبة وشدة إصابة بلغت 79.2% و9.2 على التوالي, بينما ظهر النوع B. columbae بأوطا نسبة وشدة إصابة بلغت 12.5% و0.5 على التوالي.ولم يظهر لجنس الطائر أي تأثير معنوي في نسبة الإصابة في حين ظهرت فروقاً معنوية لطرز الإصابة ,إذ كانت نسبة الإصابة بنوعين من القمل العاض(61.9%)هي الأكثر شيوعاً من بين طرز الإصابة.

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Effect of Soil Polluted with Crude Oil on Some Wood Properties of Casuarina equisetifolia

B. A. Abd Ali, H. H. Ali

Pages: 49-53

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Abstract

The current experiment was conducted to explore the effect of soil crude oil ( crude oil ) pollution on some wood properties of Casuarina equisetifolia. Four levels of pollution were applied on 40 (one-year) old seedlings . Measurements were taken by cutting the trees after two growth seasons from date of pollution .The studied Properties were fiber length, diameter, wall thickness, and specific gravity of external and internal wood. Results showed an adverse effect of pollution on fiber diameter more than on fiber length. While wall thickness did not affect. Fiber dimensions of external wood showed higher values than that of internal one, especially for fiber length. Specific gravity was affected by pollution and its interaction. A significant increase in specific gravity was observed with higher pollution levels for external wood only i.e. for the two layers formed after pollution.

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Treatment Effect of Larval Stages by Ecdysone Agonist Hormone (Methoxyfenozide) on The Biology of Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

هند ابراهيم علي, رعد فاضل احمد

Pages: 51-59

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Abstract

درست التأثيرات الحيوية لمشابه هرمون الانسلاخ غير الاسترويدي Methoxyfenozide في الأطوار اليرقية المختلفة لدودة ورق القطن Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) أجريت الدراسة بالمختبر بينت النتائج أن لمشابه هرمون الانسلاخ تأثيراً كبيراً على اليرقات المعاملة ,إذ أدت جميع التراكيز المستعملة الى نسبة موت بلغت 100 % للأطوار اليرقية المبكرة بعد 6-4 أيام من المعاملة, أما بالنسبة الى الأطوار اليرقية المتأخرة بلغت أعلى نسبة موت تراكمية 100 % عند التركيز 0.2 غم مادة فعالة /لترفي اليوم السادس من المعاملة. وأدت المعاملة بالمشابه الهرموني الى ظهور نسبة من العذارى المشوهة وبلغت أعلى نسبة للتشوهات 12 % عند التركيز0.08 غم مادة فعالة /لتر بلغت النسبة المئوية لتثبيط بزوغ البالغات 63.85 %عند التركيز نفسه. تأثرت إنتاجية البالغات المعاملة خلال الأطوار اليرقية المتأخرة, إذ بلغ معدل عدد البيض الموضوع عند تزاوج ذكور وإناث معاملة 150بيضة/ أنثى عند التركيز0.08 غم مادة فعالة /لتر اما في معاملة المقارنة فوضعت 920 بيضة/ أنثى. كما أن النسبة المئوية لفقس البيض التراكمية انخفضت الى 80 % عند تزاوج ذكور وإناث معاملة خلال الأطوار اليرقية المتأخرة عند التركيز0.08 غم مادة فعالة /لتر.

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Modeling of the Effect of MgO and ZrO2 on Sintering of Alumina

H. K.H.Al.Mayaly

Pages: 54-62

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The Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Diammonum Phosphate (DAP) Fertilizer on Some Physiological Characteristices of Lentil’s (Lens Culinaris Mediic) Roots.

محمد عبد الجليل الدركزلي

Pages: 60-68

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Abstract

أجريت تجربة بايولوجية في البيت الزجاجي التابع لقسم علوم الحياة في كلية التربية-ابن الهيثم/ جامعة بغداد باستخدام أصص بلاستيكية سعة (2 كغم) لموسم النمو2009. لدراسة تأثير تركيزين من حامض الجبرلين وهما (50) و(100) جزء بالمليون ومستويين من سماد ثنائي فوسفات الامونيوم وهي (0.16) و(0.32) غم/ 2كغم اصيص التي تعادل (40) و(80) كغم/ دونم في النمو الجذري لنبات العدس )صنف البركة( على وفق التصميم العشوائي الكامل وبثلاثة مكررات.
أظهرت النتائج وجود زيادة معنوية في (طول الجذور، وحجم الجذور، والاوزان الطرية والجافة، وعدد العقد الجذرية المتكونة، والنسبة المئوية لكل من النتروجين والبروتين( بزيادة تركيز الجبرلين ومستوى السماد، مقارنة مع معامل السيطرة. وأظهرت النتائج كذلك ان للتداخل بين تركيز الجبرلين ومستوى السماد كان له تأثير معنوي ايجابي في الصفات المدروسة أعلاه. وأظهرت المستويات (80) كغم سماد/ دونم عند التركيز (50) جزء بالمليون من الجبرلين، و (40) كغم سماد/ دونم عند تركيز(100) جزء بالمليون من الجبرلين، و (80) كغم سماد/دونم عند تركيز (100) جزء بالمليون من الجبرلين افضل الزيادات المعنوية في الصفات المدروسة في التجربة وأظهر المستوى 80كغم سماد/ دونم عند التركيز(100) جزء بالمليون من الجبرلين تفوقاً معنوياً على بقية معاملات التداخل الأخرى.

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Investigation of the Projector Properties of the Magnetic lenses Using Analytical Function

A. H.H. Al-Batat, M. J. Yaseen, M.M. Majeed

Pages: 63-71

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Abstract

A computational investigation has been carried out to describe synthesis optimization procedure of magnetic lenses. The research is concentrated on the determination of the inverse design of the symmetrical double polepiece magnetic lenses whose magnetic field distribution is already defined. Magnetic lenses field model well known in electron optics have been used as the axial magnetic field distribution. This field has been studied when the halfwidth is variable and the maximum magnetic flux density is kept constant. The importance of this research lies in the possibility of using the present synthesis optimization procedure for finding the polepieces design of symmetrical double polepiece magnetic lenses which have the best projector focal properties.

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Survey of Some Parasitic Worms on Three Fish Species from Euphrates River at Al- Haklania District, Al-Anbar Province

محـمد عبد السلام الآلوسي

Pages: 69-75

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Abstract

في هذه الدراسة الحالية جمعت 272 سمكة تعود لثلاثة أنواع هي: الكارب الإعتيادي Cyprinus carpio, والقطان Barbus xanthopterus ,والشلك Aspius vorax من نهر الفرات عند ناحية الحقلانية في محافظة الأنبار للمدة من شهر آب 2008 والى غاية شهر تموز 2009 وذلك بإستخدام الشباك الغلصمية وشباك السلية.
فحصت القناة الهضمية والتجويف الجسمي للأسماك لغرض التعرف على الديدان. أظهرت الدراسة وجود أربعة أنواع من الديدان هي المخرّم ثنائي المنشأ Aspidogaster limacoides في أمعاء الكارب الإعتيادي ,والقطان, والشلك, ويرقات الدودة الخيطية جنسContracaecum في الجوف الجسمي للكارب الإعتيادي وعلى السطح الخارجي لأمعاء القطان والشلك, ونوعين من الديدان شوكية الرأس هما Neoechinorhynchus rutili في أمعاء القطان والشلك وN. iraqensis في أمعاء الشلك.

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Structural and Electrical Properties Dependence on annealing temperature of a-Ge:Sb/c-Si Heterojunction

A. A.Shehab, H. Kh.Al-Lamy, M. H.Mustafa

Pages: 72-78

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Abstract

In this work, we are Study the effect of annealing temperature on the structure of a-Ge films doped with Sb and the electrical properties of a-Ge:Sb/c-Si heterojunction fabricated by deposition of a-Ge:Sb film on c-Si by using thermal evaporation. Electrical properties of a-Ge:Sb/c-Si heterojunction include I-V characteristics in dark at different annealing temperatures and C-V characteristics and with the C-V characteristics suggest that the fabricated heterojunction was abrupt type, built in potential determined by extrapolation from 1/C2-V curve and show that the built - inpotential (Vbi) for the Ge:Sb/Si system increases with the increase of annealing temperatures.

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Influence of Irradiation on Electronic Transition of (CuO) Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Paralysis Technique

Influence of Irradiation on Electronic Transition of (CuO) Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Paralysis Technique, S. A. Hamed, M. H. Abdul-Allah

Pages: 76-86

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Detection of Shoreline Change in AL-Thirthar Lake using Remotely Sensed Imagery and Topography Map

T. A. H. Naji, R. J. Tawfeeq

Pages: 79-85

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Abstract

This research introduces an efficient method to deduce shoreline changes of AL-Thirthar Lake using time series, satellite TM data dated 1990 and topography map in scale metric 1:100 000, dated 2003 covering the same geographical area. This research utilized the experience-conditions/ (thresholds) of different bands to recognize the total region of AL-Thirthar Lake. Taking DNs less than or equal to (45) in band 4, and DNs less than or equal to (36) in band 5. These conditions extract lake body from other image features. Various shorelines should be used to detect lake levels change. The area of the lake has been decreased approximately (444.16) km2 from 1990 to 2003. These results have been verified through TOPEX/Posidon satellite information that indicate a height variation of approximately 21 m. This study was performed using ArcGIS9.3, ENVI4.5 software, and MATLAB7.8a language.

23

An FTIR Study of Characterization of Neat and UV Stabilized Nylon 6,6 Polymer Films

H. A. Mahdi

Pages: 86-90

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24

Study the Effect of Method of Preparing on the Structure Properties of (PbS) Thin Films

ياسر اسماعيل حميد

Pages: 87-92

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Abstract

تم في هذا البحث تحضير غشاء PbS بطريقتي التبخير الحراري في الفراغ والتحلل الكيميائي الحراري .درست الخصائص التركيبية لأغشية PbS من خلال قياسات (XRD). وتبين ان نمو أغشية PbS ظهر بشكل مكعبي متعدد البلورات (Polycrystalline cubic) بقمة حادة سائدة باتجاهية(200)، حسب ثابت الشبيكة (a) وكانت قيمته (5.9358)Å للاغشية المحضرة بطريقة التبخير الحراري و (2.978-5.969 Å) للاغشية المحضر بطريقة التحلل الكيميائي عند درجة حرارة (553K , 573K) على التوالي . كما وجد أن حجم الحبيبة لاغشية(PbS) المحضرة بالتبخير هو (335.81)Å بينما في الاغشية المحضر بطريقة التحلل الكيميائي كانت قيمة الحجم الحبيبي (152.15) Å.

25

Mathematical Model of Effect of Number of Pulses of Pulsed Laser on Formation Process of Plasma

S. K.Mousa

Pages: 91-98

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Abstract

The effect of number of pulses of pulsed laser on materials is studied analytically, different pulses has been used with the same delay time. The depth of possible damage to the surface of copper and titanium as well as depth of the crater to both materials were considered in this study. The study revealed that linear model is only possible when estimating depth of possible damage for copper material, this means that the depth of possible damage increases with the increment of number of laser pulses .As for titanium material, it is found the relationship is nonlinear.
The depth of possible damage of titanium and copper is not the same, and copper seems to be more predictable than titanium.

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Theoretical Study to Fatigue Crack Growth to Duplex Steel Alloy byGeneralized Paris Equation

هبة نوري كاظم, فاروق إبراهيم حسين, محمد احمد صالح

Pages: 93-98

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Abstract

أجري في هذا البحث دراسة نظرية لنمو شقوق الكلل ومدى عامل شدة الإجهاد للمركب SiC Ti. تمت هذه الدراسة باستخدام قانون باريس المعمم. وتحقيق نظريته التي تربط بين بارامترات باريس C، وn التجريبية. اذا استعمل قانون باريس البسيط وبمساعدته استخرجنا قيم C، وn العملية ومقارنتها مع القيم النظرية التي تم التوصل إليها بقانون باريس المعمم. استخرجت قيم da/dN، و∆K وذلك باستخدام البرنامج (Get data) لكل مادة ولكل أنموذج ومقارنته بالبيانات التي تم التوصل اليها, تم بناء برنامج حاسوب مكتوب (بلغة الفورتران) الذي يحقق قانون باريس المعمم , الذي تم العمل به طوال البحث. وحسبت قيم n، وC النظرية أيضا. ومن ثم رسم البيانات النظرية والعملية بوساطة برنامج (Graf). والوصول إلى الأشكال المذكورة في البحث .

27

Flexural Properties of Glass and Graphite Particles Filled Polymer Composites

A. A. Ibrahim

Pages: 99-106

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Abstract

The effects of reinforcing polymers with glass and graphite particles on enhancing their flexural properties are investigated.
Five composites were fabricated using the same polymer matrix material with different volume fractions of reinforcement particles. They comprise glass particles and graphite particles each having volume fractions of 20% and 30% as well as a hybrid composite having 10% glass and 10% graphite.
Three-point bending tests using a Universal Testing Machine were carried out on specimens of the above mentioned composites, as well as specimens of the polymer matrix material to determine their flexural properties.
The experimental test results indicate that the flexural stiffness of all the composites were markedly higher than that of the matrix material.
As for the flexural strength, composites with 20% glass, 30% graphite and the hybrid composite maintained higher flexural strength than the matrix material.

28

Evaluation of α1-Antitrypsine and Reduced Glutathione in Iraqi Patients of Diabetes Mellitus Type II.

A. F. Al-Tai, Y. Y. Z. Farid, W.F. AL- Tai

Pages: 107-112

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Abstract

In order to investigate the levels of reduced glutathione GSH and α1-antitrypsine in the sera of 20 type 2 diabetic patients and 10 healthy subjects, were enrolled in this study. A significant reduction in GSH level was found in the patient group compared with control.
On the other hand a significant elevation in α1-antitrypsine in patient compared with control was observed.
Correlation between α1-antitrypsine and reduced glutathion was found to be positive (+Ve) for diabetes mellitus type2 patients and negative (-Ve) for healthy control with r values 0.257 and – 0.339 respectively.
In conclusion the depletion of GSH as antioxidant defense insured higher free radical generation in diabetic patients which is conformed by the high α1-antitrypsine level in the sera.

29

Effects of Temperature on Thermodynamic parameters and Carbon Nanotubes Growth Rate on Aluminum Electrode in Electrochemical deposition Process

A. I. Rasheed

Pages: 113-121

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30

A new Spectrophotometric Method For The Determination of La (III) With 3-Hydroxy -4-(2-hydroxy-Phenyl azo) Naphthalene -1- Sulfonic Acid

S. A. Darweesh, A. S. Hammodi, R. M. Mahmmod

Pages: 122-134

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Abstract

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been proposed for the determination of La (III) using 3-hydroxy -4-(2-hydroxy-phenyl azo) naphthalene -1- sulfonic acid as a chromogenic reagent. This method is based on the formation of a red-pink colored complex, upon the reaction of La(III) with the reagent in an alkaline medium (pH= 9.50), having a maximum absorbance at 459 nm. Beer's law is valid in the concentration range 0.5-12 µg.ml-1 with a Sandell's sensitivity value of 0.0188 µg.cm-2 and molar absorptivity of 7376.12 L.mol-1.cm-1. The stoichiometric composition of the chelate is 1:3. The effect of the presence of different cations as interferants in the determination of La(III) under the given optimum conditions were investigated.

31

Synthesis and Characterization of Some New 1,3-Oxazepine Derivatives

S. A. Saoud

Pages: 135-143

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32

Comparison in Some Biochemical and Hematological Tests Between Chronic Hepatitis B and C

R.H. Hussein

Pages: 155-162

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Abstract

Chronic viral hepatitis is an important health problem in the world, where hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are the main causes of liver insufficiency. The study included 100 blood samples from patients with chronic viral hepatitis, fifty of them with HBV infection and 50 with HCV infection. Twenty apparently healthy age and gender matched subjects were included as a control group. Out of the 50 patients with HBV, 36(72%) were males and 14(28%) were females. Thirty two (64%) patients with HCV were males and 18(36%) were females. The mean age for HBV patients was 36.9 ± 15.8 year and for HCV patients it was 39.9 ±14.2 year. The results of the liver function tests showed no significant difference between HBV and HCV patients. Both of HBV and HCV patients showed a significant difference regarding liver function tests when compared with the control group. Total white blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration were lower (4296± 1050.9 cell/ mm3 and 10.9 ± 2.2g/dl respectively) in HCV patients than those in HBV patients (6224 ± 1749.1 cell /mm3 and 13.4 ±1.3 g/dl ) with a significant difference. However there was no significant difference between HBV patients and control regarding total white blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration.
Aim of study: to compare between chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C and control regarding some hematological and biochemical parameters.

33

Univariate and Simplex Optimization for The Analysis of Diphenhydramine-HCl Through Ion-pair Formation

A. K. Mohammed, S. B. Dikran, M. Abdul Sattar Alubydi

Pages: 163-174

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Abstract

A Simple, rapid and sensitive extractive and spectrophotometric method has been described for the analysis of diphenhyldramine –HCl (DPH) in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the formation of chloroform soluble ion-pair complex with Bromophenol blue(BPB) in a phthalate buffer at pH 3.0.The extracted complex shows maximum absorbance at 410 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 0.2-25.0 µg.ml-1. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity for the system being 2.416x104 L.mol-1.cm-1 and 0.012µg.cm-2, respectively. The limit of detection was found to be 0.155 µg.ml-1.
The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the drug in pharmaceutical formulation and satisfactory results were obtained.

34

Recovery of High Concentration Hexavallent Irradiated Uranium From Inorganic Fission Products

S.A. Jassim

Pages: 175-182

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Abstract

In this study , extraction of irradiated high concentration hexavallent uranium from fission products ( high gamma radiation ) was carried out using multistages countercurrent continuous technique (mixer setller) , employing this technique requires a designing flow sheet that recover all the amounts of uranium and to minimize its losses in the nuclear waste streams. Due to the several parameters required to reach this design, SEPHIS program which is one of the famous code in this field were used to select the optimum conditions through many theoretical runs , finally the experimental results give a good assurance in SEPHIS results and its optimum conditions.

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A Study of the Third Phase Formation in the Extraction of U(IV) in TBP-HCl System Using Toluene and Kerosene as Diluents

T.N.Jassim

Pages: 183-192

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36

Comparative Study of Fucose, Protein, Protein Bound Fucose and Protein Bound Hexose in Sera of Hyperprolactinemia Human Female and Healthy Female

W.F. Al-Taie, M. A. Al-Iqabi

Pages: 193-203

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Abstract

This study was conducted in the specialized center of endocrinology and diabetic (Al-Kindy hospital from June 2004 to April 2005).
Sera of 80 women (include 40 diagnosed Hyperprolactinemia (HPro) and 40 healthy women as control) were used to estimate some biochemical parameters which include prolactin (PRL),total fucose (TF), total protein (TP) and protein bound fucose (PBF), and protein bound hexose (PBHex), also , and ratios. A significant elevation in TP and PBHex, in sera of HPro patients compared to control was found while PBHex/TP ratio showed a slight non significant increase in sera of patients compared to control.
On the other hand a significant decrease in TF, TF/TP and PBF/TP in sera of HPro compared to control was found. Total fucose level (TF) in sera of HPro compared to control are (6.54  1.52), (10.66 4.00) mg/dL respectively.
Protein bound fucose level (PBF) in sera of HPro compared to control are (3.88  1.25), (4.48 1.63) mg/dL respectively, while protein bound hexose (PBHex) level in sera of HPro compared to control are (131.111.43) (123.640.497) mg/dL respectively.
The significant increase in PRL levels in sera of patients was correlated with the significant reduced level of fucose in sera of patients compared to control.
The low TF levels in patients could be due to the requirements of PRL variants to different ratios of monosaccharides including fucose and manose for glycosylation of PRL which may alter the biological activity in different species and variety of mammalian.

37

Synthesis of Barbiturate Derivatives of D-Erythroascorbic Acid

A-J.A. Mukhlis, B. M. Sarhan, R. M. Rumez

Pages: 204-211

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Abstract

The aim of this work is the synthesis of new derivatives of barbiturate of
D-erythroascorbic acid. To obtain these derivatives, the 5,6-O-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid (4) was chosen, which was prepared from the reaction of L-ascorbic acid (3) as a starting material with dry acetone in the presence of hydrogen chloride. The esterification of hydroxyl groups at C-2 and C-3 positions with excess of benzoyl chloride in dry pyridine was obtained compound (5). Hydrolysis for compound (5) in acetic acid (65%) gave the compound (6). Oxidation of the product (6) with sodium periodate results an Aldehyde (7), which was reacted with dimethyl malonate in the presence of potassium hydroxide to give the malonate (8). The cyclocondensation reaction for compound (8) with urea, thiourea and guanidine hydrochloride gave the following compounds (9), (10) and (11) respectively.
All these compounds were characterised by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and FTIR spectra and some were characterised by (U.V-Vis) spectra, 1HNMR spectra and 13CNMR spectra.

38

On Modified Pre-Test Double Stage Shrunken Estimators for Estimate the Parameters of Simple Linear Regression Model

A. N. Salman, M. A. Mohammed

Pages: 212-233

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Abstract

In this paper, we proposed modified preliminary test double stage Shrunken estimator to estimate the parameters of simple linear regression model, using shrinkage weight function (), in first stage and proposed modify technique in second stage.
The expression for bias, mean squared error, relative efficiency, expected sample size, probability for avoiding the second sample are derived for considered estimators. Numerical results and conclusions concern bias ratio [B()] and relative efficiency [R.Eff()] are reported for different constants involved in the expressions mentioned above.
Key words: Estimation, Parameters, Shrinkage, Prior information, Double stage estimator, Linear Regression

39

N – Topological Space and Its Applications in Artificial Neural Networks

L.N.M.Tawfiq, R.N.Majeed

Pages: 234-244

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40

Explicit Finite Difference Approximation for the Two-Dimensional Fractional Dispersion Equation

I. I. Gorial

Pages: 245-251

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Abstract

In this paper, we introduce and discuss an algorithm for the numerical solution of two- dimensional fractional dispersion equation. The algorithm for the numerical solution of this equation is based on explicit finite difference approximation. Consistency, conditional stability, and convergence of this numerical method are described. Finally, numerical example is presented to show the dispersion behavior according to the order of the fractional derivative and we demonstrate that our explicit finite difference approximation is a computationally efficient method for solving two-dimensional fractional dispersion equation.

41

Dynamics of Double Chaos

A. M. Ahmed, S. Noori

Pages: 252-259

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42

Comparative Study for Obtaining the Best Ordered of the Mathematical Forecast's Models in Time Series Analysis With Application

سهى طالب عبد الرحمن

Pages: 260-273

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Abstract

The research aimed to forecasting based on fitting models to past observations in a given time series. The model that should choose depends on how would the forecast used, the degree of accuracy which had been required from the forecast, the amount of time and capital available to the user, the amount and type of data available to be meaningful application, and how far ahead that must be forecast. Several forecasting models suggested, such as (Random Walk, Linear trend, Quadratic trend, Exponential trend, S – Curve, Moving Average, Brown’s Linear Exponential Smoothing, Holt’s Linear Exponential Smoothing, ARMA (1,0), ARMA(0,1) and ARMA (1,1). Application section deals with searching for an optimal of mathematical model that ought to be used for prediction or forecasting the quantities and account of sells the Iraqi's cigarettes depends along the period in the past observations (2000 – 2009) yrs. Two criteria had been applied, the first statistic measured the magnitude of the errors (MSE) and the second statistic measure bias (ME). The two series (Quantity & Account) according to the magnitude of the residuals through applying (MSE) indicator showed that the best mathematical models were with Quadratic Trend and Linear trend respectively.
The two series (Quantity & Account) according to the Bias through applying (ME) indicator showed that the best mathematical model was with S-Curve.

43

Fuzzy Distributive Modules

أنعام محمد علي هادي, شروق بهجت

Pages: 274-282

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44

Notes On The Non Linear Operator Equation

B.A. Ahmed, M.M. Hilal

Pages: 283-288

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45

Existence of Positive Solution for Boundary Value Problems

S. M . Hussein

Pages: 289-296

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46

L- compact Spaces

S. Gedaan

Pages: 297-304

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47

Technique For Image De-blurring Using Adaptive Wavelet Lagrange Fuzzy Filter

A. F. Sabeeh

Pages: 305-314

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48

Image Compression Using Proposed Enhanced Run Length Encoding Algorithm

A. H. Husseen, S. Sh. Mahmud, R. J. Mohammed

Pages: 315-328

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49

Speaker Identification Using Wavelet Transform And Probabilistic Neural Network

S. A. Abdul- latef, E. A. Yosife

Pages: 329-337

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Abstract

Speaker identification is the process of automatically identify who is speaking on the basis of individual information included in speech waves. This technique makes it possible to use the speakers voices to verify their identity and control access to services such as voice dialing, banking by telephone, telephone shopping, database access services, information services, voice mail, security control for confidential information areas, and remote access to computers. The goal of this project is to build an automatic speaker identification system for a closed set Text-Dependent & Text-Independent. This generally will include two main phases: The Training Phase , which is used to built the speakers database and the Identification ( Testing) Phase , which is used to compare the unknown model with the models stored in the speakers Database .The wavelet transform is diffused into most digital signal processing applications. It is plays very important role in speech signal processing and analysis, and mainly in speaker identification because of its superior performance when used particularly in multi-resolution analysis. The proposed system constructs from three stages, the first stage is the Preprocessing stage, in which the speech signal is separated into many frames, and each frame is multiplied by (Hamming Window). In feature extraction stage, which is the second stage, the discriminative features of each spoken words are extracted by using the DWT technique, the resultant of this stage is the feature vector for each speaker. In the third stage, which is the classification stage, the feature vector of each speaker is used as an input to the neural network. The results show that phonetic features are powerful for speaker identification and the proposed algorithm is efficient concerning the minimizing of the calculation operations and reducing the execution time.

50

Blind Color Image Steganography in Spatial Domain

F. A. Abdullatif, W. A.Shukur

Pages: 338-346

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Abstract

With wide spread of internet, and increase the price of information, steganography become very important to communication. Over many years used different types of digital cover to hide information as a cover channel, image from important digital cover used in steganography because widely use in internet without suspicious.
Since image is frequently compressed for storing and transmission, so steganography must counter the variations caused by loss compression algorithm.
This paper describes a robust blind image steganography, the proposed method embeds the secret message without altering the quality by spraying theme on the blocks in the high order bits in color channel such blue "without altering the human vision system" and make them integral to cover.
This method depends on constant sequence spread spectrum method and survives loss compression image like JPG.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Some Mixed-Ligand Complexes Containing N-Acetyl Tryptophan and α-Picoline with Some Metal Salts.

B. M. Sarhan, E. J. Waheed, B. Z. Naema

Pages: 144-154

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