Mustansiriyah journal of pure and applied sciences

In recent years, Iraq has suffered from a severe shortage of electricity supply to the government and domestic sectors, whose production depends on fossil fuels, which requires the investment of another energy source to make up for this shortage. The sun is one of the giant energy sources friendly to the environment and renewable and Iraq is one of the rich countries of this kind of energy source. In the present work a 15 kW of PV solar system type HIP-205BA19 was installed Baghdad's Training and Energy Research Center, which is part of the Iraqi Ministry of Electricity. The performance of a Grid-Tied plant with a capacity of 15kW in the Baghdad environment was evaluated. The solar systems were synced with a 0.4kV low voltage distribution sector and their annual performance was monitored. During the time period studied, yearly energy production was 23669.22 kWh. The daily average of array, final, and reference yields were 3.15kWh/kWp, 3.03kWh/kWp and 3.86kWh/kWp, respectively. The result, also, indicated that the yearly daily-average of overall, array and system losses were 1.62kWh/kWp/day, 1.45kWh/kWp and 0.17kWh/kWp, respectively, Inverter, system, and array efficiencies were 96.2 percent, 13.16 percent, and 13.68 percent, respectively, on an annual basis. The capacity factor and performance ratio for were 18.01 percent and 72.5 percent, respectively, on an annual basis. These findings revealed that the systems performed admirably under Baghdad's climatic conditions.

In this work, CoFe2O4 nanostructure was synthesized from Cobalt and ferric nitrates and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) by hydrothermal method. Effect of PH on the structural and magnetic properties of the resulting powder was studied at calcination 400°C and 600°C. The resulted products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) technique as synthesis , when calcination at 400°C and 600°C with different PH . The reduction in crystallite size that their average crystallite size is found (13.98-22.17) nm crystallite size at PH=9 higher than when PH=3. The FE-SEM images indicated that particles were agglomerated and spherical shape and size between (23.6 - 57.9) nm for PH=9 and (23.3 – 114.6) nm for PH=3. The created CoFe2O4 nanostructure have demonstrated ferromagnetic behavior for all the samples behavior which was found in VSM results examination.

in this essay we use standard Young tableaux to compute each equivalent irreducible
representation of the Symmetric group S6 by determining the matrices for adjacent transpositions
(12) , (23) , (34), (45) and (56) of S6 .

Recently, the use of two-factors authentication (2FA) has increased to mitigate the risk of stealing user credentials. Most of 2FA use a mobile device to complete the authentication process, but many of them require an Internet connection or a subscriber identity module (SIM) chip to activate the synchronization of the One Time Password (OTP), which may not be guaranteed all the time or may not be equipped in the user's phone in the first place. Thus, this paper attempts to overcome this problem by adopting the camera of the mobile device and QR code to verify the OTP instead of relying on the Internet connection or cellular network. The proposed approach involves encrypting keys and secret codes with symmetric and asymmetric keys for added security, and using QR to exchange those codes fast and more easily, including a code suffix to prevent phishing attacks. Security analysis proves that the scheme is immune to many well-known attacks such as MITM, Shoulder surfing Keylogger, Phishing Attacks, etc. This scheme could contribute to adding a secure, practical, and easy-to-use option to diversify of 2FA if it is adopted by service providers such as Google, Meta, and Microsoft.

Nowadays, the web has become an important part of everywhere and in all organizations. It became increasingly important to mine the huge amounts of the data of users' usage collected from the web. The goal is to find patterns and insights that can inform users' decisions. In this research paper, web mining is described in a simplified manner and its types, with a detailed focus on web usage mining and its main steps with various algorithms used in this field.

Information security is one of the important sciences that needs great attention from professionals in this field because of the growing need to use the WWW (World Wide Web) and the growing human connection with it. It is urgent to take advantage of the services that are provided through the network. With this in mind, we set out to review and compare several new papers examining the use of RLG (Reversible Logic Gates) to encode images. Due to the fact, that attempts in this field are few compared to multiple attempts in other fields, we highlighted eight studies published between 2013 and 2022, we compared this studies and our analysis consider a wide range of factors, including but not limited to the encryption technology, logic gates used, image size, key length, portable data volume and security analysis.
The results, that mentioned in the tables, show that most businesses use common encryption algorithms with some traditional additions that make the systems more efficient and innovative. This is especially true for systems that use reversible logic gates to encrypt data based on chaotic permutations, difference equations, and other methods. The comparison also shows the downsides and trade-offs of each method, such as how increasing the size of an image affects the time it takes to encrypt it and how important it is to find a balance between security and performance. Overall, the study provides useful information in the field of image coding via using inverse logic gates and suggests possible directions for future work.

Wind energy is environmentally friendly and low-cost energy compared to other renewable energy technologies and is easily exploited by different users. Al-Shihabi ia a city with high potential wind resources. The aim of the research is to assess the mean winds and Weibull parameters such as shape parameter and scale parameter. The assessment helps in understanding the wind behavior for the application of the wind energy project. Field data for year 2019 were collected at an interval of 10 minutes at altitudes of 50 and 100 meters. Then the data was analyzed using the statistical Weibull distribution function. The annual average of monthly means at 50 m and 100 m heights are 5.04 m/s and 5.56 m/s, respectively. While the annual average of monthly maximum winds at 50 m and 100 m heights were 13.65 m/s and 15.05 m/s. The larger values were in summer months. The mean wind speed and maximum wind speed values suggest that Al-Shihabi City is a promising site to install a wind farm.
Estimating Weibull distribution parameters showed for 50 m and 100 heights that the annual average of monthly values of shape parameter and scale parameter were 5.6840, and 2.4035, respectively. At 100 m height, It was found that the annual average of monthly values of shape parameter, scale parameter were 6.2634 and 2.3215, respectively. It can also be noted that the values of parameters are higher in summer than in winter. It was found that the Weibull distribution is applicable to describe the probability density of wind speed.

Type of sets that we will introduce in this research, called nc-open set and present its properties which represent the topological properties of this type . More precisely, we post the sets with each of these properties . At the first , we present the definition of the property and then an illustrative example of this definition . Mean while , we move to the theorems with their proofs and give a counter example to the case that the opposite of the some theorems are not achieved .

In this study an efficient photocatalyst of water splitting was developed. It's discussed. The Cr2O3 with TiO2nanoparticles (Cr2O3-TNPs) nanocomposite with (Oats extract) were created using ecologically friendly methods impregnation technique such TiO2 exhibits nanospherical (TNPs) shape structure. This nanocomposite material enhanced their ability to absorb ultraviolet light while also speeding up the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, according to the researchers. The TNPs and prepared Cr2O3-TNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV-visible absorbance. The XRD of TNPs showed a Tetragonal phase with 8.9 nm of average crystallite size,. FE-SEM images showed that the average particles size in the range of 22.5 nm and UV-VIS absorbance have energy gaps are 3.9eV while the energy gaps of Cr2O3-TNPs smaller than that 3.6 eV. It was found that the performance of photocatalysts of the nanocomposite for hydrogen generation was superior, as it gave the highest rate of hydrogen production (6.3) ml at 80 min when exposed to ultraviolet light. Moreover, the nanocomposite revealed the high H2 production rate under ultraviolt light irradiation (λ < 400 nm), The Cr2O3-TNps have a high photocatalytic effectiveness due to their wide ultraviolt light photoresponse range and excellent separation of photogenerated electrons and holes.

The rise of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is a big step forward in the history of the auto industry. It was made possible by advances in technology and a shared desire to make vehicles safer and more efficient. The point of this study is to look at and combine all the current methods that focus on safety in the creation and use of self-driving cars (AVs), paying special attention to the requirements for software and systems. A comprehensive examination of prior research has been conducted, spanning essential technologies like computer vision, sensor fusion, localization and mapping, and vehicular communication systems. Our investigation uncovers a noteworthy advancement in the direction of reducing traffic accidents and addressing concerns related to traffic congestion and detrimental emissions. Nevertheless, there has been a significant rise in cybersecurity threats specifically aimed at AV systems, highlighting the need for strong preventative measures. The goal of this thorough evaluation is to give an in-depth look at the progress, problems, and possible solutions for making autonomous driving technologies and strategies safer and more reliable.