The Arab Gulf

Abstract:
The value of Surat Al-Baqarah is evident in that it centered on laying the foundations for building the state in the Almedeny period, especially its political discourse, which emphasized the combination the religion and state to Mohammed prophet, contradicting in its content what came in the Jewish, Christian and pagan religions that separated them, and this discourse was appropriate to the historical stage of the Islamic group that transfer from the stage of the oppressed opposition group in Macca to the stage of establishing and building the state in Yathrib.

Abstract:
Researchers have traditionally relied on Islamic sources to study the biography of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). However, it is important to consider the viewpoints of others, especially those who interacted with Muslims from different societies. These individuals expressed their impressions of the Prophet (PBUH), his message, and the Islamic movement, interpreting the movement based on their understanding and their stance toward the new religion and its effects on them. Although Europe managed to reclaim its lands from Islamic rule, the Islamic influence in terms of faith and language continued to reside within the people, even after the decline of the Islamic entity. Therefore, a cultural and intellectual war emerged parallel to the military conflict, aiming to eradicate Islamic culture (faith and language). Consequently, a group of Latin intellectuals who excelled in Arabic language and had access to Islamic knowledge emerged. They translated numerous Arabic texts into Latin, including the Holy Quran and aspects related to the Prophet's biography. Among these Latin texts was the translation of Marcus de Toledo, who translated the Holy Quran into Latin and included an introduction that discussed the life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) according to his perspective and his position towards Islam and its Prophet.

Abstract:
Britain and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have maintained a strong alliance built on mutual interests since the mid-nineteenth century. Their relationship has gone through various stages influenced by ongoing events in the region and the two countries' positions on those events. When the Yemen Revolution broke out in 1962, it had an impact on that relationship.
This research aims to study the impact of the revolution on the relations between the two countries in order to understand their interests and concerns regarding the events' effects on their interests in the Arabian Peninsula. It also highlights the significant outcomes of the Yemeni revolution and its impact on the political, economic, and military relations between the two countries.

Abstract:
Financial resources are among the most important topics addressed in the ancient Iraqi economy. They provided insights into the level of the ancient Iraqi economy, its periods of prosperity and decline, as well as the problems and economic crises it faced. Understanding the economic policies of the kings in maintaining the financial system was crucial for creating economic stability.

Abstract:
The book "The History of Al-Mustabsir" is considered one of the travel books in which its author, Ibn Al-Mujawir, described the characteristics of Yemen, Mecca, and some regions of the Hijaz at the beginning of the 7th Hijri century/13th AD. Through his journey, he observed various aspects of the Arabian Peninsula's life, including industrial activity. Therefore, Ibn Al-Mujawir's book is among the important primary sources that documented the economic activity of the Arabian Peninsula. He followed the movement of industries and the import and export of goods through various routes, whether overland or maritime. This documentation holds great significance in providing a clear picture of a missing era in the economic history of the Arabian Peninsula at the beginning of the 7th Hijri century/13th AD. It covers the period when Ibn Al-Mujawir traveled to those regions after migrating and spending his life and work there.

Abstract:
This research presents and analyzes the religious beliefs of the sons of Israel in ancient times (embodiment and anthropomorphism as examples). It consists of two main sections. The first section provides an introduction to the sons of Israel and a brief overview of their ancient historical periods. The second section discusses embodiment and anthropomorphism among the sons of Israel.

From the overall research, it is evident that the belief that God Almighty has a physical form and resembles His creatures, especially humans, emerged among the sons of Israel during their presence in Egypt, specifically after the end of the Hyksos rule in Egypt in the early 16th century BCE. They continued to hold this belief for a short period after their exodus from Egypt in the late 13th century BCE, as well as at various times during the period of the Judges and during the divided kingdom era (922-587 BCE), and throughout other ancient historical periods.

Abstract:
Sufism is a religious reflection that has an impact on social life, and the social role is considered one of the most important roles undertaken by Sufi women. This research aims to highlight and clarify the influence that Sufi women have had on society, particularly in extending a helping hand and support to those in need. They have established shelters for the needy, especially widowed women and those without support, and have assisted them by providing what they need. Additionally, they have offered advice and guidance through holding special gatherings for women to deliver sermons and guidance to them.
The research includes two main axes: the social life of Sufi women and the role of women in preaching and guidance councils.

Abstract:
This research examines the approach of the Imams from the Ahlul Bayt (peace be upon them) in preparing mothers. This methodology encompasses several constructive methods to prepare women for their maternal roles. One of the most important methods is proper upbringing of girls from a young age, as when a girl is raised based on psychological perfections and sound principles, she becomes a woman capable of fulfilling her duties as a wife and a mother, able to raise righteous generations with noble morals. This is the message of the ideal woman for whom God has chosen and assigned her tasks, as she prepares her children for life according to their beliefs and ethics.

Abstract:
Modern studies agree on distinguishing between the inside and outside of the text, or what surrounds it. There is a crossing point between the inside and outside of the literary text, where the text and its surroundings converge in order to reveal the hidden barriers and implicit meanings. This is what is referred to as textual thresholds. Covers, titles, introductions, dedications, and internal illustrations form narrative worlds that reveal the features of what will come within the text, carrying expressive energies and important communicative functions that compel the recipient to enter the world of the text with a preconceived vision that often resides in their consciousness. In his novel "In the Presence of the Phoenix and the Faithful Vine," the Kuwaiti novelist Ismail Fahd Ismail utilized a cover featuring "The Sleeping Gypsy," a painting by the French artist Henri Rousseau. This painting served as a revealing sign for all the secrets of the novel. It visually unveiled the novel's problem, allowing us to trace everything mentioned in the text back to this artwork. Despite its length—the novel reached 392 pages in medium format—it is essentially an interpretation and reference to that painting. The novel's title also revealed another aspect of its manifestation, as the title, with its employed colors, uncovered the novel's dilemma. Furthermore, the important introduction, "Jealousy," presented by Saadia Mufarreh, embodied the events and manifestations mentioned in the novel.

Abstract:
The problem of researching this topic arises from several aspects, namely:
First: The research interest derived from scholarly discussions on the Quranic readings in the postgraduate (Master's) stage. This intellectual stimulation is essential for scientific research in this academic phase.
Second: The insufficient conceptualizations of the Quranic readings in Quranic research among most researchers of the Ja'fari school. Some consider the readings as an extraneous topic to the Quranic knowledge system. As a result, we face the problem of a knowledge phenomenon directly related to the Quranic text, which cannot be neglected or overlooked. Therefore, this research represents an exposition of a reality that we must comprehend and grasp its concepts.
Third: The research topic is connected to a highly significant aspect, namely the recitation of "Malik" and "Malak" in the opening chapter (Al-Fatiha) of the Holy Quran, which the Islamic legislator emphasizes as correct recitation in the obligatory prayer.
As for the research plan, it revolves around two aspects. The first is to examine the method of recitation adopted by the well-known reciters, whether the Seven or the Ten. The second aspect is related to the knowledge system that formed the understanding of the Quranic text, considering its historical and semantic context simultaneously. These two aspects form the central focus of the research, which is presented concisely and intensively.

Abstract:
This research focuses on Al-Jahiz's description of the city of Basra, to which he belongs, by portraying its distinctive aspects in his own voice or by borrowing the words of many scholars, literary figures, and well-known personalities. He highlighted its features in an artistic manner that draws inspiration from the greatness of this city. The research examines the image presented by Al-Jahiz in his various writings, by investigating the manifestations and characteristics of Basra, to demonstrate Al-Jahiz's contribution in preserving the history of this city and highlighting its unique traits that have been prominent for centuries, establishing its civilization and distinguishing it among other cities, as it has been blessed with numerous blessings by the Almighty.

Abstract:
There is no doubt that the Arabic language has flourished with various styles. This research focuses on studying the significance of linguistic styles found in examples from contradiction books. These styles include emphasis, negation, interrogation, command, and prohibition, as applied to selected Quranic and poetic examples from book of contradiction. The study concludes with a summarized conclusion of the research's key findings.

Abstract:
This study aims to elucidate the phenomenon of deletion through the style of address in the poetry of Sheikh Ahmad ibn Zain al-Din al-Ahsa'i. Address is one of the imperative creative styles, and the most prominent one, due to its psychological relevance to both the speaker and the listener. Deletion is a stylistic phenomenon that accompanies the style of address, deviating from its original meaning to serve multiple purposes that are not structurally syntactic in nature. Here, the role of rhetoricians becomes evident as they join the efforts of grammarians in exploring the structures of address for rhetorical purposes. Poets and creative individuals have found in these forms and conditions an outlet through which they express their various issues, aiming to achieve the desired objective determined by the context and the indicator. This is done to draw the recipient's attention to the importance of the discourse accompanying the address, through the deletion of the address term, the addressee, or other means.

Abstract:
This research aims to shed light on the science of semiotics through studying some examples of Iraqi novel titles. The study defines semiotics linguistically and conceptually, as well as the science of titling linguistically and conceptually. The research examines selected models of major Iraqi novel titles, analyzing them from a semiotic perspective. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the importance of semiotics in the study of Iraqi novel titles.

Abstract:
This research examines "Al-Isnad" (grammatical attribution) as one of the components of the Arabic sentence. Sibawayh considered Al-Isnad as one of the foundations upon which the sentence is based for its complete effectiveness. Later, the grammarians followed suit. However, they encountered a challenge with regards to the vocative case, which consists of the vocative particle and the noun. This case fulfills the desired purpose of the sentence. Therefore, they differed in their evaluations regarding the components of the vocative sentence. Hence, this research traces and analyzes these opinions to determine the nature of Al-Isnad in the vocative case according to Sibawayh and the grammarians, in order to clarify the concept of Al-Isnad as a verb.

Abstract:
The significant feature in the temporal arrangement of my novels, "The Fragility of Tales" and "Iraq Cinema" by the Basra novelist Ahmed Ibrahim Al-Saad, is that both levels of arrangement and frequency share equally in shaping the temporal structure. The level of arrangement is determined through two important foundations: retrieval and anticipation. Retrieval is divided into external and internal retrieval, while anticipation is defined by three patterns: declarative anticipation, anticipation through dreams, and anticipation through prediction. The narrative scope in both novels does not extend to the level of frequency as seen in many Arabic and global novels. This is due to the fact that the relationship of frequency is closer to the narrative style than to the narrative time, which is not found in these two novels.

Abstract:
This study aims to clarify the meaning of the communicative subject function as mentioned in functional grammar through an introductory study. It examines its definition, conditions, and characteristics, as well as its distinctive features that differentiate it from other communicative functions that may sometimes overlap with it due to certain shared characteristics. Furthermore, it distinguishes it from the subject in classical Arabic grammar by highlighting their common points and distinguishing features. The study also explores the grammatical analysis and position of the communicative subject function according to functional grammar. This analysis is applied to Surah Al-Baqarah, which contains several instances of the communicative subject function. Given that Surah Al-Baqarah is one of the longest chapters in the Quran and encompasses all other communicative functions mentioned in functional grammar, the focus is placed on the components to which the communicative subject function is attributed, based on its specified conditions and characteristics mentioned in functional grammar.

Abstract:
The psychological purpose has an influence on the poet's recourse to symbolism, and one of the Islamic poems that carried symbolic connotations is "Al-Burda" by Ka'b ibn Zuhayr. He began it with a romantic symbolic introduction and employed the Arabian mythological symbol of "Al-Ghoul." He alluded to the "Araquob appointments," an ancient Arab metaphor, to provide a suggestive symbol reflecting his suffering and the hardship he endured due to the failure of others to fulfill their promises to him. In the realm of modern poets, we find Al-Sayyab in his poem "Tammuz Jikur," where Tammuz was one of the mythical symbols through which he attempted to express his poetic experience and suggest the psychological and physical pain within him. As for Jikur, it carried a symbolic significance for the poet, representing a safe place for him.

The wetlands of southern Iraq, including the Al-Hammar Marsh, are among the most important aquatic ecosystems in the world. They are a source of agricultural life and a habitat for ancient civilization. Additionally, they are rich in wildlife, fisheries, agriculture, and land cover. However, a series of natural and human factors have led to a state of spatial changes in the aquatic and plant ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems (GIS) to monitor and observe the spatial and environmental changes in the Al-Hammar Marsh for the period 1973-2022, in order to classify land use, land cover, and prepare application maps in this field. These technologies serve as an important source of data, providing efficient and effective information that traditional methods cannot obtain.

Abstract:
Electromagnetic waves are patterns of electric and magnetic forces. These waves are generated as a result of the oscillation and back-and-forth movement of electric charges, and they travel through space at the speed of light.

The aim of this study is to explore the levels of electromagnetic pollution (non-ionizing radiation) in Basra City, emitted from mobile phone towers, internet broadcasting, radio broadcasting, and 400 KV power transmission lines, and to study the health effects of this pollution.

A field study was conducted to achieve the research objective, and a purposive sample of residents was selected. A questionnaire was prepared, which included a set of questions that inquired about the health status of the population residing at different distances from the mentioned communication systems towers. The study found that the number of cases of certain diseases such as high blood pressure, epilepsy, miscarriages, insomnia, sleep disorders, heart diseases, and cancer increase at specific distances from the aforementioned towers, indicating their impact on the health of the population due to the electromagnetic radiation they emit.

Abstract:
This research focuses on studying "The Formal Diversity of Deities' Images in Ancient Iraqi Art." It consists of four chapters. The first chapter addresses the research problem, its significance, objectives, scope, and defines the key terms used in the study.

The research problem revolves around the depiction of the goddess (as an ancient cosmic phenomenon) in ancient Iraqi art and the various factors that led to the transformation of this image and its religious and mythical aspects into different conceptual and structural formations in ancient Iraqi art, in Sumer, Akkad, Assyria, and Babylon. Thus, the study investigates the evolution of the deity's image as a sacred model in ancient Iraqi art, opening up broad horizons for knowledge and raising crucial questions about the deity's image and how it evolved from one era to another. The researcher found a necessary need for this study, as the topic has not been extensively addressed and studied, resulting in a knowledge gap in this field.

The aim of the research is to explore the formal diversity of deities' images in ancient Iraqi art and highlight the importance of the study as a launchpad for new knowledge within the realm of ancient Iraqi art. It enables scholars, art enthusiasts, and those interested in this field to delve into the subject of the deity and how its image evolved throughout the stages of civilization in ancient Iraq. Regarding the research boundaries, the study specifically focuses on the deity's image in ancient Iraqi art through sculptural representations, including statues, votive plaques, and cylinder seals from the period of the Uruk and Hammurabi dynasties until the end of the ancient Assyrian era (3500 BCE - 612 BCE), found in the Iraqi Museum and depicted in books and magazines.

The second chapter provides the theoretical framework and previous studies. It consists of two sections: the first section examines mythical and religious beliefs, while the second section examines the deity's image in ancient Iraqi art.

The third chapter discusses the research methodology, including research community, research samples, research instrument, research approach (mathematical and statistical methods), and the samples used.
The fourth chapter presents the results, conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

Abstract:
The experience of the actor in unexpected short kinetic performances is of interest in this research. The focus is particularly on addressing rhythm-related aspects that serve as a tool to break the horizon of expectations and create a sense of shock. Therefore, the research explores the components of rhythm in acting, the mechanisms, and the metaphors associated with rhythm in this field. It provides an overview and analysis of the methods through which rhythm has been embodied and understood by actors, directors, theater teachers, and playwrights.