The Arab Gulf

Abstract :
There is a significant medium that characterizes Quarnic expressions and that medium is a priority in the text coherence phenomenon in the setting up of the Quarnic structures. That medium is achieved by linking grammatical structures, semantics and conceptual relations together by using conjunction technique in terms of letters. It makes use of the consecutive text and of linking the previous with the latter according to an intentional mechanism. It relies on the context which links the text areas and it relies on bridging the gap of the text’s events to show its meaning as well as producing it in an integrative and compatible way that makes the reader follow keenly, interact and participate in the events of the consecutive text. This medium shows the image of Muttaffifin (those who cheat people by giving them less than what they paid for) and shows their reality with their traits and contrasts them with the righteous according to the requirements of coherence with conjunction letters. This medium helps sharing techniques and the logical, causal and contrastive relations which extend the bridges of communication and expansion between its parts in an artistic portrait full of meaning that result in the expansion of the coherence in form and meaning.

Abstract:
The study aims to demonstrate the reliance of the commentator Diwan al-Mutanabbi on the context in analyzing the poetic text, and to indicate the type of meaning and determine its significance by employing verbal and current clues in a manner appropriate to the maqam, as the phenomenon of metaphor constituted a prominent feature in the poetry of al-Mutanabi. Because he was known for his awareness of the arts of language and his tendency to ambiguous and closed words, and strange in meaning, and the use of expressions of multiple semantics, the vision of the commentator was evident in the analysis of the poems of al-Mutanabi and standing at his purposes. The capacity with which his texts were distinguished, opening the horizons for commentators to present multiple readings, based in reality the context and the capabilities it offered in directing the texts, and included a definition of the context and what it is, the emergence of the term, the limit of metaphor and a statement of its types; Standing on the most prominent citizen in Sharwah Al-Diwan.

Abstract:
In tradition of Al-Jahiz appeared many identities which he adopted to show their contexts as well as their manifestations in the reality and the collective imagination for the people in the third century AH. For the religious identity, it was a special discourse in his books which undertook to introduce both Muslims and non-Muslims such as Jews, Christians and the Magi.
For Jews and Christians, he described them, in distorted image by defined by real and false attributes. So their identity appeared to be deficient which appears as original value in the believers of those two religions morally and ethically through stories which mostly include humiliation and contempt as patterns culturally oriented contexts of marginalization for the others by evoking semantic components which sometimes lack the historical precision to strengthen this framework and discoursed oriented.

Abstract:
This study falls within the field of holistic sociolinguistics in which I tried to monitor the linguistic relations of the Arabic language existing in the current situation in Basra Governorate, in terms of the linguistic challenges facing the Arabic language with foreign languages, and at the level of the multiplicity of areas of the Arabic language in Basra Governorate, and recognition The possibility of the Arabic language being the leading language in Basra Governorate in particular, and Iraq and the Arab world in general, through the function that this language performs in achieving the linguistic development of members of society.

Abstract :
There are many modern linguistic studies for finding the correspondence between the Arabic studies efforts regarding the Arabic linguistic heritage in one hand and the modern linguistic theories on the other hand. The conclusion of these scientific researches was far from standard framework. Pragmatic Arabic studies tried to correspond between Arabic efforts and Pragmatic studies in different topics like pragmatic thinking or studies of specific person. Pragmatics concerns mostly on the practical usage of language in different context, so looking deeply to the Arabic studies in general aspects or in linguistic aspects, one can find some papers of good agreement with the modern linguistic theories even may have certain scientific privilege. Some fields like morphology or syntax and others have noticeable relation with pragmatics in spite of terminological differences, it can be seen clearly in certain religious studies.

Abstract:
The Gulf novel in general and the Omani novel in particular, tended to open up to the phenomena of social, political and economic transformation that pervaded the entire Gulf region. The novel (Ladies of the Moon) turned to the womb of these transformations in the Sultanate of Oman to reveal the Omani reality and delve into its negative aspects, especially in the treatment of women and the surrounding customs and traditions that frustrate the trends of women who tried hard to build a perception and a new life, but were fighting the windmills and currents of society Which clings to outdated phenomena such as the phenomenon of slavery and slavery, which disappeared a while ago and became part of its history, but it continued to strike its tricks in the Omani society, which took confident steps towards reconstruction and cultural transformation, but the family nakedness still tends towards what has settled in the souls and finds it very difficult To put him aside from her life.

Abstract:
This research aims to trace the historical role of the 1920 revolution to unite Iraqi characters. From different political orientations, the clan, religion, and patriotic in one melting pot seek one goal full independence and liberation of the country from British occupation. A very important factor has emerged for the revolution success. It is the promotion of national unity and a success in changing the policy of the British occupier toward Iraq and its people.
The period before and after the outbreak of the revolution has witnessed the emergence of national figures who were able to unite the people of all sects. The period also witnessed contacts, meetings and correspondence between the revolutionary clerics, tribal and national leaders in which the participants discussed the issue of the armed revolution and other issues. Political activities also emerged for the first time in the modern and contemporary history of Iraq, which had a clear role in the political success of the revolution. The period of the revolution until the end of the war has witnessed a lot of military battles and political situations that showed the success of cooperation and solidarity among the people. As well as elements, that helped spread the revolution in Iraqi areas.

Abstract:
The research entitled (The Fall of Al-Hurra in the Visions of the Author of the Book of Imamate and Politics) is one of the important events in Islamic history, which revolves around the incident of Al-Hurra (its causes, events and consequences), and the great impact of this dangerous incident on the souls of Muslims, and the research presented a clear picture of Ibn Qutayba's life Al-Dinouri, to whom the book (The Imamate and Politics) was attributed, which contained important narratives, depicted for us what happened from the assault of the Levantine army and its leader, Muslim bin Uqba al-Marri, against the people of Medina, including killing, plundering, looting, assaulting honor and a violation of the sanctity of the city of the Prophet Muhammad From the highest authority in the Umayyad dynasty represented byYazidbinMuawiya .

Abstract:
Societal construction is based on basic foundations for accurate family relations in which Islam has concerned with organizing these relations via many different ways, the most important of which is activating the role of the kinship relationship among individuals to create connection between the members of society. This does not mean that Islam aims at reviving tribal nervousness, but its main aim is to create human compassion between members of the family, tribe and society. Due to the importance of this topic as a societal benefit, this topic has been titled (the kinship ties in Imam Ali’s (Peace be upon him) book ‘Approach of Eloquence ‘( Nahj al-Balagha ). This study has been classified into main headings that revolved in all its aspects around the definition of kinship ties, the lexical items that indicate them as well as the importance of kinship ties and their ranks, the ensuing rights and duties imposed between kinships, the prohibitions and taboos, the causes of division and the creation of hostilities. In addition to, this study includes introduction and conclusion. The research depended mainly on extracting the sayings of Imam Ali’s (peace be upon him) book with its verified version by Dr. Subhi Al-Salih, enhanced with other references mentioned at the end of the study.

Abstract:
The research aims to uncover male actions supported by the old Iraqi reforms and laws according to which the female element has been in control from the Neolithic period to the foreign occupations of ancient Iraq and it is a product of the society’s culture and not an innate state despite the existence of biological aspects for both sexes, the civilization built by human beings in the country Al-Rafidain resulted in the formalization of the social system that completely subjected women to the control of men, especially in the Stone Ages, and this submission does not mean that men embarked on a cycle to subjugate their women when they began to establish their cities, and therefore the subordination of women is not part of the natural order of human society.

Abstract:
Military plans and their movements required the construction of cities and camps to be used as military bases from which to start from these military forces out or to fortify inside these bases. This has been followed by the Arabic Islamic state in both east and west in building and expanding the cities, but due to various factors, these cities became centers of the triumph and administration as well as being intellectual garish flares; Among those cities was (Samarra) city which lies in the southeast of the Tigris river between Baghdad and Tikrit. This city has left a clear impact in all spheres of life, and therefore this study aims at shedding light on that city in the writings of the natives and Muslims explorers, and to write down the information that these people dealt with about the city according to the historical corpus they cited in their writings, as one of the Islamic cities that was destined to witness prominent events in the history of Muslims after its establishment by Al-Mu’tasim Al-Abbasi during the period (218-227 AH/833-841 AD) in the year 221 AH/835AD in which this city was taken as the capital of the Abbasi State. The city was inhabited by eight caliphs until the death of Al-Mu'tamid Billah in the year (279 AH/892 AD).

Abstract:
The study of the climatic budget gives a picture of the extent to which an area is sufficient for the water revenue that is present in it during precipitation of all kinds after isolating and removing the quantities of water lost from evaporation and transpiration, This gives a more comprehensive and clear picture to describe an area as suffering from drought in relation to it, or whether it is characterized by an abundance of water revenue from precipitation compared to possible evapotranspiration, Accordingly, five separate stations in Iraq will be studied to give a picture of the state of abundance or deficiency in the studied stations. These stations are Erbil to represent northern Iraq and Baghdad to represent central and almost humid eastern Iraq to represent western Iraq and Diwaniyah to represent the region that mediates the south and center and Basra station to represent southern Iraq and that the duration of the study It spanned over 33 years, which is a major climatic period, All station data available for the aforementioned period from 1985/1986-2017/2018, except for the Erbil station, which was started in 1992, and they have no records except from the aforementioned year. We have relied on statistical methods to find out the approximate numbers for previous years by relying on Surrounding control stations In the map (1) the location of the study stations for the subject of the study and Table (1) shows the location of the stations according to longitude, latitude and altitude above sea level, And the results reached by the research at the end of the practical work to reach the climatic water balance, the results were for all stations and during most months they complained of a water deficit and the results are negative, with the exception of the Erbil station, the results were positive and for specific months (December, January, February, March, and in Sometimes April) and in an exceptional case, the month of February appeared in the Rutba station and for only one equation, and the other equations indicate the opposite, The climatic elements were mentioned for the duration of the study, because they were relied upon in the application of all equations, so it was necessary to give a comprehensive picture to the reader and researchers of the data that were all relied upon.

Abstract:
Climatic elements such as angles, amounts of solar radiation, relative humidity, and the amount of rain interfere with each other in their effect on the plant through the northwest winds as finding a variation in the amount of daily, monthly or seasonal evaporation and with the help of influencing external factors that are directly related to the plant type, its morphological characteristics and its variation from one location to another in the region. The study, as the wind is one of the climatic factors with a significant direct and indirect effect on the plant by affecting the physical and chemical properties of the soil and causing various types of damage and benefits, either directly through the process of stripping and deposition of its surface layers, the size of water losses, the effectiveness of capillary property, drought and salinization The wind also has an indirect role through its role in soil erosion, especially in dry areas, and the rate of evaporation and transpiration from plants and the dredging of the soil.

Abstract:
Small industries are among the most important industries that have a prominent role in developing the economic sector of any country, as they represent a cornerstone in the economies of nations and a guide to their progress and backwardness. Because it is the main pillar of any economic and social development, and a means of creating economic savings resulting from capital investment, and creating job opportunities in an integrated productive atmosphere according to the population's requirements for goods and services, which works to raise the value of production, increase profits, and then improve living conditions.
The highlight in this research was the study of small industries in the Abi Al-Khasib district, as the number of its establishments reached (1558), while the number of its workers reached (7599) workers. It also dealt with the geographical distribution of small industries in the district of Abu al-Khasib according to the type of industry. Food establishments (53) establishments at a rate of (9.8%) and the number of their workers is (482) workers at a rate of (6.3%), and the construction industries amounted to (240) establishments at a rate of (15.4%) and the number of their workers (661) with a rate of (8.7%), and other industries amounted to (1165) An establishment with a rate of (74.8%) and the number of its workers (6456) workers at a rate of (85%).

Abstract:
In light of the achievements of the Iranian nuclear agreement, dimensions have resulted in several aspects, some of which were positive and others were negative, whether on the political side with regard to the political system, weapons systems, the regional and international status of Iran as well as the economic side and what is related to business and trade, including what is related to the social aspect And the structure of Iranian society and its demographic and social composition. The research showed that geographical factors play a role in the Iranian trend towards concluding the nuclear agreement.

Abstract:
The river drainage basin is the basic unit for conducting quantitative research for river basins. Measuring the morphometric and hydrological characteristics of river valleys is one of the recent developments in the field of quantitative geomorphology that relies on statistical and mathematical analysis to describe land forms. The river basin and its relationship to the factors controlling its composition on the one hand, and to the amount of water and its geomorphological effect on the other hand, and to determine the measurement of morphometric features, which include characteristics (areal, morphological and topographical) and hydrological characteristics in the Wadi Abu Karisha basin, northeast of Ali al-Gharbi district in Maysan governorate, which is located astronomically Between two latitudes (0 42 32 - 30 49 32 degrees) north, and arcs of length (0 33 46 - 30 40 46 degrees east), topographic maps were used at a scale (1: 100,000) and the satellite visualization of the sensor (Landsat 8), on (4/6) / 2019) and the digital elevation model for the year (2019) with a discriminatory accuracy (12.5 m) using the (ARC GIS 9.5) program and the (Global Mapper) program. The important conclusions about the morphometrics and hydrology of the basin, in particular, the effect of the natural characteristics on the variation of the morphometric and hydrological characteristics of the basin represented by the geological formations in it and the structural characteristics that characterize the area as well as the surface characteristics, the degree of slope and its directions, the quality and characteristics of the soil and the quality and density of the natural vegetation. The morphometrics, especially the spatial ones, contributed to influencing the morphometric and hydrological characteristics of the basin, as the basin area reached (79.2 km2), a length of (18.2 km) and an average width of (5.9 km), while the basin circumference amounted to (48.6) km, While the morphological characteristics of the basin, especially the ratio of elongation and roundness, were recorded respectively (0.99, 0.96), while the shape factor of the basin was recorded (0.21) and the ratio of ocean cohesion (1.06), and it was found that there is a close relationship between the morphometric characteristics The hydrology of the basin.

Abstract:
This research deals with the intellectual implications that accompanied the representative performance of the actor during his embodiment of the ideas that are funds and present in the theatrical text and space to which they will go in the mind of the recipient to clarify the basic references for those indications in the theatrical performances that came in the contemporary time based on the diversity of theatrical performances and Which diverged from the text significantly and was its benefit from the text is the main theme and some of the dialogues that express these themes, the theatrical performances have reached great heights in embodying the ideas of the director, especially in postmodern theater, which was the main source of post-drama theater. The theatrical presentation discourse is built on a basic idea that is comprehensive and holistic through the text, but this speech is completely away from the traditional form of presenting human ideas to be an aesthetic and intellectual speech, and the expressive connotations that accompany the actor’s body with the employment of decorative elements and theatrical space To form an integrated scenography in establishing performance components between the actor and the theatrical surroundings on stage, and from here the researcher resorted to establishing the title of his research (the intellectual implications of the representative performance, after theatrical drama (Haita lak )as a model) and the research included three chapters:
Chapter one:
The methodological framework, including the research problem, which was adopted in the interrogation: What are the intellectual connotations that accompany the actor in his embodiment of the role that expresses the dramatic personality? It also included the significance of research and the need for it through its focus on the nature of the intellectual connotations accompanying the representational performance and the goal of the research, which focuses on the nature of the intellectual connotations of the ideals during his performance of the role and the limits of the research that was limited to a theatrical performance (Haita lak) that was shown on the theater of the College of Fine Arts At the University of Basra on a date: Objectively studying the intellectual implications in the performance of a theater actor in post-drama theatrical performances. The chapter was concluded by defining the terms and defining them.
The second chapter: The theoretical framework: It included two topics:
The first topic: the intellectual implications of theatrical performances
The second topic: the intellectual implications in post-drama theatrical performances
In the third chapter, the researcher dealt with the research procedures, which included the research community, the research tool, and the research method. The research sample was: Presentation of the play “Haita lak” by Iraqi director Dr. Maher Abdul-Jabbar
The fourth chapter included research results, conclusions, recommendations, proposals, a list of sources and references, as well as an abstract in English.

Abstract :
This paper has initiated a study that aims to analyse the metaphorical expressions uttered by Iraqi males towards females’ metaphors to understand their conceptual meanings. The theoretical assumptions are derived from the Conceptual Metaphor Theory developed by Lakoff and Johnson’s (2003). To this end, the data were collected at University of Basra about women’s metaphor in the Iraqi society through a questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 12 items in Arabic to capture data in metaphorical expressions about women used by men. The questionnaire was prepared and distributed to students in different colleges and schools in Basra. 425 students in Basra Universities filled the questionnaire. The answers revealed that the metaphors students use are influenced by their way of life, their personal characteristics, their educational background and their feelings towards women in society. The findings of the study recommend that the ideological importance of a metaphor (i.e. the mappings between its source and target domains and its specific lexical encoding) can be better evaluated when investigated comparable to integral or neighbouring domain of experience. Finally, this paper showed the need to consider the contextualisation of metaphor in giving an account of their linguistic, social and cultural imports.