Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities

Jordan was and still is at the forefront of the Arab countries that take the initiative to solve the creative problems that occur between the Arab countries - despite its limited totality - when the freedom of Beirut and Kuwait began in 1990, it made great diplomatic efforts to solve it, especially since this beginning came out as a natural result of the absence of freedom in Iraq and that the ruling Internet is therefore authoritarian, where the administrative ruler has an absolute monopoly, and we adopt a destructive constitution that is not in the interest of the public, and this is what made Jordan, through its King Hussein bin Talal, do its utmost to solve the problem peacefully without plunging the region into an unhealthy maze, and this stems from Jordan's environmental obsession that was made clear in the speech that King Hussein gave at the World Climate Conference in 1990, through which he portrayed his absolute conviction that there is no other force and the necessity of solving it through peaceful entry or participation in the joint Arab military.

Najaf has achieved advanced scientific ranks throughout its long history, and this uniqueness has resulted in prominent distinguished people from its sons, who have excelled in various intellectual fields such as historical writing. Among these is (Kazem Abboud Al-Fatlawi), who has contributed effectively to documenting important pages of our modern history, especially the history of his city, which he loved and wrote about repeatedly, and left a vast scientific legacy, represented in a number of diverse books and studies, many of which focused on the issue of biographies, and expressed his experience in the field of documentation, and revealed what he carried of jealousy for his religion, homeland and nation, which placed him among the ranks of the distinguished scientific figures produced by the Najaf school. Al-Fatlawi was an example of a conscious historian, aware of the size of the responsibility placed on the intellectual in preserving the Islamic identity of Iraq and its cultural heritage. However, he did not receive his due study and investigation in contemporary studies, and his productions remained out of the spotlight, and are hardly known except to specialists only. This was a basic motive for choosing the research topic entitled (Najaf historians Kazem Abboud Al-Fatlawi and his book Mustadrak Poets of Al-Ghari as a model). The nature of the study required dividing it into this introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion that included the most prominent conclusions. The first chapter shed light on Al-Fatlawi's biography, his studies, and his most important intellectual productions, most notably his books such as (Famous Buried in the Holy Shrine of Al-Alawi), (Selected from the Notables of Thought and Literature), (Popular Poets of Najaf), and (Dictionary of Iraqi Investigators). The second chapter was devoted to introducing his articles and poetry. As for the second chapter, it focused on studying his method of historical writing in the book (Mustadrak Poets of Al-Ghari), pointing out the scientific importance of the book and the motives for writing it. A list of the book's various sources was included, shedding light on the author's scientific integrity.

Studies related to elites belong to the field of category studies that are concerned with social, political, economic and military activities that practice their activities within groups that are relatively independent from their surroundings, and the competition that occurs between their personalities or between them and those in power on the other hand in order to reach the decision-making center or maintain their position. The concept of the elite cannot be dealt with as a fixed case in terms of defining its role, its functional definition and the type of its tasks without considering the fluidity of this elite. What was an elite in the past may no longer be, or is not necessarily an elite in the present, and it also differs from one society to another, and this is related to the society’s perceptions of the concept of the elite.

Praise be to Allah, abundant, good, blessed praise, and peace and blessings be upon the Master of Messengers, the beloved of the hearts of the believers, the Chosen One, Ahmad, and upon his good, chosen, and righteous family, and his chosen companions, and those who followed his path and were loyal to him. Now then: After the death of the Messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him), many events swept the Islamic nation that almost divided it, had it not been for the taqiyya that Imam Ali (peace be upon him) used as a license to confront the era after Saqifah Bani Sa’idah. To that, he (peace be upon him) said: By Allah, cowardice and hatred of death did not prevent me, and what prevented me was the covenant, my brother, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), who told me and said: O Abu al-Hasan, the nation will betray you and break my covenant, and you are to me as Aaron was to Moses. I said: O Messenger of Allah! What do you covenant with me if that is the case? He said: If you find helpers, then rush to them and fight them, and if you do not find helpers, then hold back your hand and spare your blood until you join me wronged. The lack of helpers, and the fact that the Muslims were new to Islam, were among the reasons that prompted him to use taqiyya. As a result of the inconsistent policy that Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) used towards the Muslims, by granting lands and lavishing money on those close to him and withholding it from others, this policy generated resentment and hatred towards the Caliph that led to his murder in the year (35 AH/655 AD). In order to preserve the egg of Islam and the unity of the Muslims, Imam Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was chosen as the successor to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) after Caliph Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him). However, he faced many obstacles and difficulties, the most prominent of which was the conspiracy of some of those who were considered to be Muslims and Muslims, whose aim was to undermine and overthrow his government. This was embodied through the preparation of the wars for which they mobilized their supporters from among his opponents and the hypocrites who benefited from the government of Caliph Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him). They mobilized armies and hatched conspiracies to overthrow his government. The most prominent of these was the Battle of the Camel (36 AH/656 AD), in which he was victorious, and its results made the Imam the Commander of the Faithful.  He took a series of administrative, military, financial and political reforms, the most prominent of which was moving the capital from Medina to Kufa. The matter was not limited to that battle, but the conspiracies against his government continued. No sooner had time passed than he had not caught his breath from the Battle of the Camel than Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan, Uthman’s agent in the Levant, refused to comply with his orders to leave his position, and began preparing by gathering the enemies of the Imam, the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, and adding them to his army to wage a war known as the Battle of Siffin (37 AH/657 AD), which the Imam, peace be upon him, turned against and which gave birth to new enemies for him known as the Khawarij, who were the most dangerous group that fought Islam and the Muslims, and he was victorious over them in the Battle of Nahrawan (38 AH/658 AD). Studying the personality of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and his government requires volumes due to the enormity of his great personality, but in this modest research in which I used various sources and references that shed light on his noble person, I present, albeit in a modest and simple way, what the reader desires, in knowing his management of his government in Kufa and the Imam’s (peace be upon him) adoption of it as the capital of the Muslims. The research included three sections: The first section included the administrative aspects of the Alawite government, while the second section included the economic aspects and its role in the social aspect that I implicitly addressed through it, while the third section included the military, security and political aspects, a conclusion and a list of sources and references. If I succeeded, then praise be to God, and if I failed, then forgiveness is from God and I seek your pardon.

The ruling authorities were not yet convinced of the preparations for party life in Iraq, so they resisted any idea or trend that opposed their policy, while the policy of persecution and gagging by the governments during that period led to the emergence of parties, so the ruling authorities, under the direction of the British authorities, rushed to push them to work publicly to monitor them. These parties were characterized by the lack of intellectual harmony among their members, which led to the emergence of several divisions within them, in addition to the lack of a clear philosophy for most of them and their association with the ideas of their founders, especially the People's Party or the Progress Party. However, they are credited with ending the most important problem facing the modern Iraqi government, which is the problem of Ottoman debts that shackled the government and restricted its progress.

The study of urban growth of cities reveals their urban geographical features, as it clarifies the pattern of urban fabric and the amount and density of urban additions to the growth stages, and the extent of the influence of geographical controls that support urban growth and affect its movement, direction and continuity in the city, which contributes to drawing an urban map for the future of urban growth of the study area based on the morphological stages it took to reach its current state. Urban growth generally takes two basic dimensions, the first represents horizontal urban growth, and the second dimension represents vertical urban growth, according to geographical and non-geographical factors that no city is free of (1). The urban structure of the city is considered a system of relationships between people and urban elements, and the relationships in the physical environment are essentially spatial (mechanical), and therefore people and components of the urban body are in a state of permanent interconnection (2). There are many reasons that contributed to the emergence and development of cities. Some of them arose as a result of commercial exchanges, others as a result of the search for security, some due to the emergence of the components of industry and the availability of job opportunities, some historical, religious or political. With the passage of time, these causes, after their development, became primary functions practiced by the city, so that many cities became known and famous for their function. Therefore, the function is the justification for the existence of the city and a determinant of the lifestyle in it and the basis for its establishment and formation (3).

The research dealt with the reality of agricultural activity in Maysan Governorate, as the study adopted quantitative methods in extracting the factor analysis using the (SPSS) program and extracting the results through which it is possible to know the variance between the reality of agricultural activity and its relationship to the population growth of Maysan Governorate for the period (2007-2017) with knowing the real variance ratios from extracting the sample size, as the relationship was clear and direct through knowing the real variance ratios between the agricultural reality and the level of population growth of the governorate and according to its administrative units of districts and sub-districts affiliated with Maysan Governorate.

The current era is characterized by the increasing growth of knowledge, the era of information and technological wealth, which has become a major challenge for all students due to its cumulative nature of knowledge, which in turn led to the emphasis on human cadres capable of keeping pace with scientific and technological progress capable of succeeding with the rapid changes imposed by the nature of this progress on any society, as well as the emphasis on major basic concepts as elements for linking facts and concepts, which helps the learner keep pace with the increasing growth of this knowledge, and this in turn requires highly efficient educational trends to confront this progress and adopt future trends ( ). Modern education has taken the individual as its goal; in order to prepare him for the present and the future, so the mental and practical skills and the increasing knowledge required by the future were basic goals, as education is a dynamic process that necessarily requires development, modernization and a new evaluation of learning and the introduction and adoption of a new vision in dealing with the essence of educational work in the educational arena ( ).

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of a strategy based on the theory of multiple intelligences in developing some oral expression skills among a sample of (35) third-grade students in the intermediate stage in some schools in Qassim in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Their ages ranged between (13-15) years, with an average of (14.6) years, and a standard deviation of (1.09). Their intelligence quotients ranged between (110-130), with an average of (120.2), and a standard deviation of (2.69). The participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group with (17) members, and a control group with (18) members. The study tools included an oral expression observation card and a strategy based on the theory of multiple intelligences. The results of the study indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the average ranks of oral expression scores for the experimental group in repeated measurements "during the program" in favor of the ascending measurements of oral expression (in the best direction), and there were statistically significant differences between the average ranks of oral expression scores for the experimental and control groups in the pre- and post-measurements in favor of the post-measurement (in the best direction), while there were statistically significant differences between the average ranks of oral expression scores for the experimental group in the pre- and post-measurements in favor of the post-measurement (in the best direction), and there were no statistically significant differences between the average ranks of oral expression scores for the experimental group in the post- and follow-up measurements (1), and follow-up (2). The study also recommended applying the strategy based on the theory of multiple intelligences in developing some oral expression skills within the educational services provided to this group and expanding its scope to include multiple categories of educational stages, especially the preparatory stage.

The current research aims to propose a model for evaluating the performance of physics teachers with higher degrees in the Ministry of Education in light of the comprehensive quality standards. The research community is defined as all physics teachers with higher degrees (master's and doctorate) working in the Ministry of Education, while the research sample included (75) male and female teachers, which constituted more than 50% of the original research community. To achieve the research objective, the researcher prepared a proposed model for evaluating the performance of physics teachers with higher degrees working in the Ministry of Education in light of the comprehensive quality standards, which in its initial form consists of (44) paragraphs. After verifying the validity and reliability of the tool, the number of its final paragraphs reached (40) paragraphs distributed equally over four areas. The results showed that the approved quality standards occupied the following order according to their relative importance: teaching activity, personal characteristics and professional ethics, research and scientific activity, and community service. In light of the research results, a set of conclusions were reached, and the researcher recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of adopting the proposed model for evaluating the performance of physics teachers with higher degrees and providing the capabilities that help in its implementation. He also proposed a set of proposals.

The first chapter of the research included the methodological framework of the research, as it addressed the research problem represented by (What is the evaluation of the hero\'s personality in school theater texts according to the five-factor theory?). The importance of the research was represented in benefiting from it in knowing the prevailing characteristics of the hero\'s personality in school theater texts, as the current research is a guide for writers of theatrical texts in knowing the aspects of the character (the hero\'s personality) that suit age groups according to a scientific basis, while the goal of the research was manifested in identifying the evaluation of the hero\'s personality in school theater texts according to the five-factor theory. While the theoretical framework included two topics: the first was the hero\'s personality in school theater, and the second topic was devoted to presenting the five-factor theory of personality, after which previous studies were presented and what the theoretical framework resulted in. The third chapter may consist of research procedures represented by the research community consisting of a theatrical text model from the Directorate of School Activities in Najaf, and the researchers used the analysis of the five personality factors in order to build the research tool, the method followed in analyzing community models represented by the descriptive method, survey studies, and content analysis, as the researchers used content analysis in line with achieving the research objective and the presence of theatrical texts, and then the researchers analyzed the research community, the researchers used statistical methods (Cooper\'s equation, percentage, Holsti equation). The research ended with the fourth chapter, which included the research results represented by the following: The factor (consciousness) obtained the first rank among the five factors, followed by the factor of kindness, then the factor of extroversion, then openness to experience, and finally the factor of neuroticism, and then the researchers reached a number of conclusions.

The image of the journalist is one of the most important and rare images in its dramatic depiction in Arab and even international theater, as writers rarely pay attention to this image to employ it theatrically.

In the Arab world... tried to depict its existence by each of (Numan Ashour - Rashad Rushdi - Mikhail Roman - Muhammad Salmawi - Muhammad Al-Rashoud - Abdulaziz Al-Surai')
However, their images were largely secondary, and did not focus on the theatrical game completely.
But the image took a wide scope with each of..

Youssef Idris in the play (The Acrobat)

And Tawfiq Al-Hakim in the play (He Knew How to Die)
Hence the importance of this study in monitoring this image in both plays.
The professional performance of the communicator in journalism is affected by many objective and subjective factors, whether these factors are from within the newspaper he works for or from outside it, stemming from the position of the newspaper within the framework of the ideological-political conflict in society, and the extent of its connection to media policy and the general trends of the state. There are other factors related to the personality of the communicator, and they take many forms: personal pressures, professional pressures, administrative pressures from his superiors and colleagues at work, pressures from authority, legislation, influential groups and various interests, advertisers, news sources, societal values, the public, and others. This issue becomes clear in monitoring the image in theatrical texts.

The current research is concerned with (Applications of the art of relief sculpture among students of art education, Open College of Education, Karbala Center, an analytical study), as sculpture represents a scientific and applied requirement in the Department of Art Education, where students were able to learn about its techniques, methods and types until the developed ideas for this type of plastic arts appeared that are conducted in previous and subsequent years, but what distinguishes the students’ output this year are the large-scale projects of relief sculpture and the reflection of that aesthetic value on their qualitative performance, as the research included four chapters, the first of which dealt with the research problem, its importance and the need for it, and was summarized in the following question: What is the direction on which the concept of application in sculpture was built? In addition to the importance of the research aim: revealing the mechanisms of the sculpture theme in the works of students studying in the fourth stage of the College of Education, while the research limits were limited to the students’ output for the year (2018-2019), and the researchers defined the terms. As for the second chapter, it represented the theoretical framework with historical sculpture topics, another in the philosophy of sculpture, a third in contemporary sculpture, and a fourth in the mechanisms of application. As for the third chapter, it dealt with the research procedures and analysis of the works, so that the research ends with its fourth chapter and a study of the results, including: The idea of ​​sculpture was linked to the students’ skills and that their artistic techniques came through their artistic learning, in addition to the fact that the works were presented in unprecedentedly large sizes to express heritage, historical, and natural topics.