Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection

To assess the risk of Salmonella contamination in animal origin food, feed and local poultry farms. A total of 2248 samples were collected from local markets and fields which conducted for bacteriological and serological tests to diagnosis of Salmonella and sent to national center of Salmonella to ensure the diagnosis and identified the Salmonella species. The results showed isolation of 16 species of Salmonella from 53 positive samples for 214 samples of poultry meats and products at percent 24.76% and isolation of 3 species of Salmonella from 7 positive samples in 118 beef meat products at percent of 7.52% and isolation of one species of Salmonella from 3 positive samples in 260 samples of milk and products at percent of 1.67%. Imported table eggs showed free from contamination with Salmonella in 1519 samples were taken from local market. The prevalence of Salmonella in 118 of animal feeds represents an average 15.25%.
In local poultry farms the prevalence of Salmonella was 10.52% and 2 S. Serotypes isolated from19 samples from farm ground media. This survey was confirmed that food from animal origin, feed, and local poultry farms were highly contaminated with food borne Salmonella. Which represent most risk to public health in Iraq.

The effeciency of ethanolic extract of Nostoc linkia algae has been tested in reducing three species of bacteria Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus which isolated from contamination water in Laboratory conditions 37 ْ C in period treatment 72 hour in different concentration (0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 , 1 mg/l ). It became obvious that the ethanolic extract of Nostoc linkia algae has high effeciency in reducing different bacterial number in removing ratio 98.9% after 72 hour . in concentrate 1 mg/l for bacteriaa Escherichia coli and 94.6, 75.3% in concentrate 1 and 0.75 mg/l respectivelly for bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 94.7, 80.1% in concentrate 1 and 0.75 mg/l respectivelly for bacteria Staphylococcus aureus . associated with different significant for two concentrate 1 and 0.75 mg/l . The total bacterial number reducing in removing ratio 90.8% in concentrate 1 mg/l of ethanolic extract of Nostoc linkia algae after 24 hour of experiment.

The study was conducted to show the influence of ground ginger (Zingiber officinale) in the numbers of bacteria and the duration of conservation of laboratory biscuit. ginger was added at proportions of 0.5, 1.0 and 3%, and one treatment was left without addition and considered as control, and then an organoleptic evaluation was carried out for the biscuit product. bacteriological tests were conducted for the treatments before storage ,and then they were stored at room temperature (20-40), and the bacteriological tests were carried out monthly and up to six months of storage. The results showed no significant differences in organoleptic characteristics among the various treatments with exception of flavor value, which was increased in proportion that was proportional to the proportion of the added ginger and up to 2.5% , Then, the values were decreased due to the appearance of ginger bitter taste. the results also showed a gradual decrease in total numbers of aerobic bacteria, in rates that paralleled the increased proportion of the added ginger in the treatments as compared with control. the addition of ginger at a proportion of 2.0 -2.5% was more effective in decreasing the numbers of aerobic bacteria, to become within the allowed limits before and after storage the addition of 2-2.5% was more effective in decreasing their numbers of molds to be within the allowed limits before and after storage.

This study was conducted to find out the hygienic level of 12 wells water carried out in College of Vet. Med . – University of Baghdad and its quality, suitability for human and animal consumption.
To achieve our objectives 180 well water samples were collected from February to May 2011 (15 samples each), in order to estimate the Most Probable Number (MPN) of Coliforms, pH and Temperature.
Three different periods were selected 15, 30, and 60 minutes after allowing the water to run from the wells before sampling to minimize outside contamination (i-e five samples for each well for each period).
The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) for Coliform counts values between the periods of collection, the highest values of coliform counts were recorded during the 60 minutes of period and the lowest values of coliform counts were recorded during the 15 minutes of run, the first values were much higher than the recommended hygienic standards from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi waters standards.
Electric water pump was used to get the water, the results showed that the highest coliform counts whenever the pumping extend for long time and this is related to the mixing between wells water and waste water, also the nearness of wells to the animal farm and grazing areas, where off to expose the wells water to contamination. The pH and temperature values did not record any significant differences, the were within the recommended standards, according to this, it is recommended not to use the water for human and animal consumption after 15 minutes period, also don’t consummate they water after long period of run, therefore it could be conclude from this study that the wells water is contaminated by coliform bacteria that affected the quality and suitability to animal and human consumption and that affected the veterinary public health.

The research care for analyzing the effects of government’s entry in wheat production by using Policy analysis matrix (PAM) approach for the year 2005 .This would be help us to determine comparative advantage coefficients for wheat in order to reach the most best region for crop wheat from the value of social profitability coefficient by shearing the planning to produce. The research had arrived to the following conclusions:
The profitability Coefficient value for wheat was (0.142) indicated that domestic producer achieve no benefit from government policy. But the value of domestic resource cost for wheat was (1.9) more than one in 2005, that means the north region of Iraq had no comparative advantage in wheat production for that year. And the value of Producer Subsidy Ratio was (33%)that mean there was a small subsidy from government to producers. The value of Private Cost Coefficient Ratio was (1.07)that mean investment in wheat production less than cost so the investors did not had profit in that year .

Olive is considered a branch of Horticulture ,and Sometime is regarded of forest.,its plantig requires knowing every science related to the QURAN, earth, financing, marketing, cooperation, agricultural policy and agricultural ECONOMY for each SCIENCE clarifies olive importance as a productive unit.
Olive planting has a unique privilege as it is firstly meusioned in the QURAN and in the sayings of the Prophet OHAMMED and secoudly for its religious importance, andits numero us benefits, it can be exploited, in additionto its OIL benefit,it is a consumptionat product for theinfants, youngs, olds food.
Fur theremore, olive invoe Imvolves in freating varions disueases and enters in Some industries Link Perfume and furniture So We have to develope its pLanting increase.
The attention in it to get its benefits as an assential material and To develop these benefits and generalize its developing Role and effects.

It is known that the method of discriminant analysis is one of the variable data's for both classification stage and discriminant.
The main goal of discriminant analysis is to build as bas derived from qualifications drawn based on classification observation on two groups or more for a certain sample so that it would be possible to take a decision based on single reference. The study concluded that independent variables have significant effect and the correct classification efficiency for failed students was 81% and for the successful was 82% the figures prove that the method discriminant function is suitable for forecasting.

In a pioneer study in Iraq, a water extract (juice) from the root of Beta vulgaris (beetroot) was prepared under sterile conditions, then used for the first time as experimental bacterial growth medium for the growth of the bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae; the juice was used as alternative growth medium for the nutrient agar and nutrient broth for the growth of these genera in the laboratory.
All the genera showed active growth after (24) hours when the juice used directly as a liquid growth medium, the medium preserve these bacteria viable for (7) days. The juice was used also to enrich the agar-agar and cultured with the same bacteria; it showed a noticeable growth lasted for (10) days. The results suggest that this juice is a suitable growth medium for these bacteria, and it could be used instead of the growth media that mentioned above which used in the cultivation of these bacteria in the laboratory. It also represents important, rich nutritional environment not less important than those that is found in the other media.

In this paper, A strain οf Fusarium spp., is grown on potato dextrose agar and on wheat bran Czapek Dox medium. It was found to produce neutral protease. Fructose, when added to the culture medium was found to give rise to the neutral protease produced in the presence of fructose and was also found to enhance the production of neutral protease. production was carried out by solid state fermentation The fungi were grown on czepek- Dox with wheat bran culture medium. The optimum conditions were determined as follows, dilution ratio 1:30, temperature 25° C, pH 7.0, incubation time 9 days, inoculums size 1 × 106 ( spore /ml), carbon source and nitrogen source were fructose ,ammonium nitrate respectively. The protease was isolated from the culture filtrates and was DEAE-(diethylaminoethyl) DEAE-cellose. The specific activity of pure enzyme was 30.211 u/mg, with No. of fold 8.945 and yield 0.188%, gradient buffer treatment,and characterization of pure enzyme optimum pH ,pH stability 6- 11 and 11 respectivly. Optimum temperature and stability temperature 40° C and 20° C and had a Vmax of 2 of protein and Km value of 1.5mg/ml towards casein and 3.9 km ,3 vmax of BSA.