Sciences Journal Of Physical Education

The researcher noted, in his experience as being a coach of the advanced team of football, that there is a weakness in identifying and developing the abilities and mental levels among the players, which will help them in improving speed, good thinking, and tactically managing in different playing positions on the condition that the players are aware of those positions during matches. Being prepared with knowledge (mental) plays an important role in the tactical and skill performance as the motor and physical intelligence is considered part of the mental abilities of the players. It is an important prerequisite for the success in most of the various playing positions. The research aims to

The researcher addressed the things that distinguish this age in terms of the scientific and technological development in all walks of life. The field of physical education is considered one of the significant fields of human science, which was and has been still in progress based on bases and principles of scientific research and due to the role and importance of both aspects of attention and the axes of mental perception to the possibility of predicting the accuracy of the rolling and scoring skills in football. The researcher also addressed the concept of attention and mental perception and the concept of skill and the rolling and scoring skills in football.
The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method and used the correlation approach and prediction in order to achieve the research objectives and testing its hypotheses. The research population included young players from the football clubs in the province of Babylon. The research population consisted on 146 players distributed on the clubs under study.
Based on the results of the statistical analysis for the data and on the investigation of the relationship between the variables with each other, the researcher reach to conclusions, most importantly was to identify the relationship of the both aspects of attention and mental perception with the accuracy of performing the rolling and scoring skills in football and to develop quantitative estimates of each skill in terms of the research variables among the young football players.

Sports training haswitnessed a wide progress in the recent years, as the efforts of specialists and those who were interested in this area increased to search for the best ways and means of training to develop the physical and technical level. Wrestling has witnessed great development at the international level in recent times through the use of bestmoderntraining methods and techniques that were designed based on scientific bases. Accordingly, the focus of coaches was mainly on trainingthesequalities and develop the physical level of wrestlers through the use of the best training methods.The methods of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) are considered among the modern training methods, which were commonly used in recent times in developed countries.The importance of using the system of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitationis to take advantage of actions reflected as a result of prolongation and the occurrence of reflected actions, which are done by each of the spinners muscle and members of the Golgi tendon that respond to a change happening in the length of the muscle, especially during two cease and arousal within the muscle groups to increase the range of motion in order to meet the technical performance requirements of efficiency and be more economical and success in performance and this is provided by the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF). The research significance lies in identifying the role of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises (PNF) in order to develop flexibility and its impact on the technical performance and to compare them with (flexibility) exercises used by many coaches in the development of this trait. The research aimed to prepare proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises (PNF) with the method of repeat contraction(RS) in order to develop the flexibility and technical performance among the wrestlers of clubs in al-Qadisiyah province among young wrestlersfor the weight of (66.74) kg.

The success of an athlete depends on the availability of special factors, such as strength and speed as well as strength of will.There are other characteristics of sports such as height, mass and compatibility. The study’s researchers used the descriptive approach because it fit the nature of the research. The research sample was selected randomly 10 female studentstakenfrom the fourth level in the department of physical education. The research significance was obvious in the possibility of identifying the most important capabilities and special physical characteristics that an athlete must possess to be selected for this event, and through identifying the correlation between those capabilities and achievementso that the selection takes places based on sound scientific basis. The research problem focused on selecting the discus throwers carefully depends on the abilities and special physical characteristics that were highly correlated to the accomplishment of the effectiveness of this event.
The research aims to: - identify some of the abilities, physical characteristics and special relationship to the event of discus throwing among female students.
The researchers found a set of conclusions:
1. Based on the results of the tests and correlation, tests can be arranged according to the degree of importance to the event of discus throwing.
2. Based on the results of tests and grades of their correlation, some of the capabilities and physical characteristic related to the event of discus throwing can be identified.
3. The degree of progress in the special tests indicates the progress in the performance of the event of discus throwing.

The research aimed mainly to identify the effect of intensive periodical training on the development of explosive power of muscles, speed of performance in some standing movements, and some physiological variables among the young Judo players. The research results showed that there were significant statistical differences between the pretests and the post-tests in developing the explosive power of muscles and speed of performance in some standing movements for the two groups of study, the experimental and control groups, and for the favor of the experimental group. Additionally,there was not any significant statistical differences between the pre and post meansurements, which were attributed to the blood components of the two groups.
The researcher recommended that it was necessary to let the coaches know about the results of the study which was conducted to players so that a proper training curriculum could established. He also recommended to reconduct the same research but on other physiological and biochemical variables.

Since the very beignning of life on earth, there has been a contious development in all fields and each field has been regularly connected to other fields and if there was any differences in one of them that would cause a case of riot and unbalance in all of these fields as it is a balanced system created by Allah (the Almighty), even in the way the body shape is made that evolves and varies from age to age. If we take a picture of an individual in a previous century and compare it forms and bodies of individuals of this century, we find and diagnose a range of differences in the shape and configuration, and even in the fad clothing, hair styling, etc., and science is on the same approach they evolve, and continues to evolve in a comprehensive manner does not lag of which one has highlights the evolution in the field of science and covers on his peers, but the result all evolve. in the modern era when we saw knowledge weaned her children one by one the eighteenth century is the century was a physics and the nineteenth century was a century of chemistry and after the twentieth century, which was launched by the scientists of a century the name psychology and finally twenty-first century a century of environmental Sciences, and the mathematical sciences compatible with all this science and continuously it is related to systems and physical laws Examines the most of its laws, especially related to humans (common factor between these sciences) we see biomechanics (biomechanics) in the field Sports have a significant role in sports science and sports, as well as knowledge of the physiology of sports medicine and sports psychology, there are sports training that uses all these sciences to achieve the objectives of science. Physical and kinetic characteristics and are considered the primary focus of the training process, through programming and legalization of organized sports in the mechanism of action, so it is very important that this mechanism be organized in accordance with the rigorous scientific basis.

The research aims to identify the trends of students in the Faculty of Languages at all departmentstowards thesportsactivities. It also aims to tell the difference and similarities between the trends of students who practice sports activities in the Faculty of languages towards sports and physical activities.The research was conducted on a sample who were selected randomly and represent 10% of the students in ( 6) departments. The research sample was 507 students. The researcher used Kenyon trends measurementtowards physical and sports activities, which was translated into Arabic by Dr. Mohammad Hassan Allawi.The measurement consists of 54 items. After making sure that the measurement was valid and liable, the data obtained by the researcher by using statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient for Yerson, Altaia test, the percentage Act) was processed. The research results were as the following:

The research aims to identify The impact of aerobic and anaerobic efforts on some blood changes and the speed of healing amongspeed runners. The researchers used the descriptive approach due to its suitability to the research nature. The research sample consisted of 10 runners, who were chosen randomly by lot for the purpose of applying the exploratory experiment. Two runners were excluded. 4 runners in the aerobic efforts and 4 runners in the anaerobic efforts. The pulse rate, rest time were measured. The blood sample was taken and then a warm up session was done for 10 minutes. Later on, the test was conducted and after that the assisting working team measured pulse rate for the tested sample. The researchers recommended that the coaches had to continuous testing to the blood changes for a different period of time, and to pay attention to it because it affects the chemicalism of power production in muscles.

This research aimed to use special exercises to the upper parts by using training tools and instruments that are suitable with the type and severity of the research sample’s disability, and they are intended to develop the explosive power of the the upper parts and the accuracy of passing balls above shoulders among the basketball players on wheelchairs.
The researchers used the experimental method on only one group in order to solve the problem. The research sample consisted oftheMaysan province basketball team players on wheelchair (fifth and sixth class), who were (6) players.Then, the researchers designed a test for the accuracy of performance of long passing over shoulders among the basketball players on wheelchairs in order to achieve the study objectives. The exploratory experience and the related tests were conducted. After that, the research applied the special exercises, which were related to the muscles abilities, for 6 weeks and by (3) training units per week. After obtaining the results, the researchers processed them by using statistics. After analyzing the data, the researchers found out conclusions; the most important one was that the special exercises had a positive influence on the development of the explosive power of the upper parts and the accuracy of passing balls above shoulders among the basketball players on wheelchairs

The research aimed to design tests to measure players abilities in the sense – kinesthetic cognition and to measure the most basic skills of the game of tennis (serving, front and rear strikes)and the researcher used the descriptive approach, as he designed the tests made sure that the tests were suitable for the research sample and their validy to measure what they were supposed to measure and to make amendments proposed during an exploratory experiments. The research aimedalso to recognize the scientific transactions for these tests of validity, reliability and objectivity. Then, they were applied to a sample of the tennis players of (31) players from the category of advanced players in the southern areas in Iraq.aftercollecting data and get them processed statistically, the means and standard deviations were taken for the results of the tests for the standard levels of the sample as the standard scales were used in a follow-up method. The levels of the research sample were measured. The results of the sample were different (good, very good, pass). One of the most important findings of the study was using those tests in measuring the cognitive abilities for tennis players and the skill of the transmitter and the front and rear strikes.

The science of sports training is one of modern advanced science that is closely linked to many other sciences.In order to maintain its rules and regulations deep, it depends on many of these sciences; some scientists call it the term of sports training theories.
The physical setup as a key part in sports training process aims to raise the physical performance of the player to the maximum level of his abilities, and contribute to the development of the necessary elements for the physical type of sports activity which specializes in individual and work on development time. The physical setup for the volleyball players is to develop functional and psychological player capabilities and to develop his physical and motor abilities to a higher level.Special fitness in volleyball means the player’s ability to adapt to the exercises with high intensity with the ability to return to normal quickly. The research aims to: -
1. Identify the impact of the high-intensity intensive periodical training and the repetitive training methods in developing the explosive power of leg muscles among the volleyball players.
2. Identify which method was preferred in developing the explosive power in legs among the volleyball players.

The research aims to determine the effect of using some exercises that were similar to the free-style swimming movements (Isokenatic) in order to develop the explosive power by using the high-intensity periodical training and repetitive training methods for 50 m free-styleswimming.The researcher used the experimental method and made two equal groups for the pre-test and the post-test in this study. The study was conducted intentionally on a sample of college students from the Faculty of Physical Education / Baghdad University, who were practicing the sport of swimming regularly for the first level in the academic year (2013-2014). The research sample was of (12 students), who were divided into two groups and by (6) students in each group.
The first experimental group used the exercises that weresimilar to the free-styleswimming movementswith the high-intensity periodical training method while the second experimental groups used exercises that weresimilar to the free-styleswimming movements with the repetitive training method.The results of this study were that, there were no significant differences between the two measurements, the pretest and the post-test, for the two experimental groups, which used the high-intensity periodical training and repetitive training methods for 50 m freestyle swimming and for the favor of the post measurement. It was also found out that there were no statistically significant differences in the explosive power and the achievement of 50 m free-style swimming and for the favor of the group that used the high-intensity periodical training.

It has been known, since the beginning of creation, that spiritual exercise was a form of communication between human and God and human to human. For each existing civilization, there were laws and rituals whose purpose were to regulate and calm the human body and mind. This kind of exercise was practiced in a dancing form along with certain rules of movement, confirmed in ancient drawing found by archeologists in Sumerian and Babylon. Their participation in this exercise was to share and express themselves spiritually With the goddess Ishtar. For their obedience they would ask to be blessed by her. The goddess Ishtar was a teacher/master/leader and has the people participating in this form of dance. This would provide the people of ancient Babylon with a wall of Self-confidence and powerful mental well being. She was the spiritual leader of her People. It was from here that the idea of connecting the history of the exercise and the Babylonians came together.
I started searching for information on three Mysteries the first was the use of the stone (blue/lapis) and turquoise, Which envelope the walls of Ishtar's gate in Babylon. The second, was the Importation of precious gems using a bartering system to acquire them and the third Being the use of dance and (manufacture) of musical instruments to express both joy And sadness.
The researcher used both the historical and practical methods to verify her three suppositions through an integrated program that included Babylonian yoga and aerobics as well as the use of music and precious stones and crystals. Having put this program into practice the researcher has come the following conclusions.:
1. The program of aerobics and yoga Babylonian and the use of music, colors and stones contributed to restore the energy of the participants of all ages and to restore the spiritual calmness, and the psychological and nervous relax to them.

The physical and motor abilities are very important for players in defense and attack in handball as they contribute to the acquisition of motor skills and mastering them as they are closely linked to the player’s harmonic abilities, as well as contribute to distinguish player with accuracy of performance. Handball is one of the team games whose players tend to know themselves, and their personality. Their performance skills are influenced by the self-concept. The research aimed to identify the physical and motor abilities, self-concept and the essential skills among the University of Babylon’s squad in handball and determine the proportion of the contribution of physical and motor abilities and self-concept in performing the essential skills. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the correlation method due to its suitability to the nature of the research.
The researchers identified the research population, who were the Babylon University’s squad in handball for the academic year 2013-2014, who were 16 players; 12 players were selected randomly to represent the research sample. The researchers used in the main experiment the physical and objective, skill tests and used the self-concept measurement after extracting a scientific transactions. For the purpose of processing the data statistically, the researchers used statistical SPSS for the social sciences through the following tools: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation Spearman coefficient-multi, simple linear regression coefficient, percentage of contribution (Enter) - percentage of contribution (Stepwise). The two researchers reached a number of conclusions; the most important ones were that there were no significant correlation between agility and accuracy of shooting while standing in handball and the relationship of moral link between the transitional speed and the speed of the short passing and nothing significant correlation between self-concept and scrolling speed, as well as there were no significant correlation between compliance and the speed of scrolling relationship and contributed significantly both the (transition speed - the explosive power of the two legs– self-concept) in the short-scrolling in handball. The researchers also unearthed equations to estimate the skills surveyed in terms of some of the physical and motor abilities and self-concept.

The research aimed to:
1- Identifythe level of scientific thinking and psychological pollution among athletics.
2- Idenfity the effect of PQ4R and SWOM strategies in the scientific thinking and psychological pollution among athletics.
3- Identify which one of the previous strategies achieve more progress in the development of scientific thinking and psychological pollution among athletics.
Two approaches were used: the descriptive approach with the criteria studies and comparison studies methods in measuring the scientific thinking and psychological pollution among athletics as well as the experimental approach with two equal groups were used. Two modern strategies were used: PQ4R and SWOM in developing the scientific thinking and reducing the psychological pollution among athletics.
The research population was identified by athletics from the students of the second level in the Faculty of physical education and sports science, Babylon University, for the academic year (2013-2014), who were 112 students. The research sample was divided into 25 students in the pretest group and 87 students in the main experiement: 44 students in the class B in applying the PQ4R strategy and 43 students in the class c in applying the SWOM strategy.