Hawlyat Al-Montada

Our paper discusses an American theorist who firmly believes in the impossibility of modernity and the establishment of society and a civil state in the Islamic world, or believes that Muslims have lacked since the fifteenth century AD - the ninth century AH three important capabilities: the ability of conquests, superior combat experience, the ability to manage global trade and benefit from its outputs, and the ability to own the platform of science, and those who preached their religion by it, but these capabilities moved to the West because Muslims fell into the trap of exercising arbitrary power in conquests and lost high techniques for trade by reliability. Relying on rentier economics and fought some jurists reason, philosophy and logic and avoided research in nature and closed the diligence in the humanities lost the platform of knowledge and because of that prevailed they have deadly ideas impossible to achieve progress and civil and what they fell into the distinction between Muslim and non-Muslim and between free and slave and man and woman and Dar al-Islam and the House of infidelity in addition to that the reformist tendencies have failed to discover Islam enlightened from the era of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani until now has met these ideas a set of responses:
1- Lewis's thesis is based on ideological precedents
2- Reconsidering the jurisprudence and conducting a historical review is not impossible for scholars, including the Shiite thought presented the theory of a constitutional state that resists tyranny.
3- The views of Lewis are not a firm universal law, but it is an impression and diligence biased and opposed by civil development experiences in Malaysia, Iran, Turkey and Singapore, all of which are Islamic countries in the course of research a lot of details
Bernard Lewis states that the collapse of the great civilizations in front of the first Islamic advance was an earthquake with which no civilization is imagined to be ahead of the civilization of Muslims, because it was

The research dealt with novelties in devotion that are often afflicted, in which the most prominent practical principles of innocence, precaution, and companionship are implemented, while mentioning the most important contemporary fatwas that have benefited from practical principles, especially since matters of worship have branched into many branches and at various levels in our current era. The research is organized into an introduction and three sections: The first of it dealt with multiple issues in the jurisprudence of prayer, fasting, and Hajj and the requirement of disavowal therein. As for the second, it was in the novelties and changes in the rituals of Hajj and the requirement for precaution in them. In the third section, it dealt with new issues in slaughtering, foods, drinks, and tayammum and the requirement of companionship therein, by extrapolating some of the opinions of jurists and presenting them. Using the methodology of theoretical and applied research, including contemporary fatwas and rulings, that benefited from practical principles, and a conclusion included the most prominent results.

Islamic law recognizes the freedom of intellectual belief by expressing everything that takes place in the thinking of Islam or wanders in his mind, tongue or pen. And since the origin of the religion of Islam is based on the greatness of God Almighty, the maximization of his religion and the maximization of his messenger. (r) The insult is precisely divine and contrary to this aggravation and is even contrary to Islam's contradictions and is regarded as a throwback to the Islamic religion. And divine self-deprivation has many reasons, including internal reasons in our societies, including external reasons coming from enemies of this religion who seek to eliminate it and control minds and understandings, Criminal legislation tried to protect religions from infringement and divine self-deprivation, imposing penalties for such conduct, but the crime did not stop and the criminal did not deter, but the phenomenon became more widespread. "Iraqi legislation is among the few international legislation dealing with the prevention and prohibition of divine self-insulting and the good deeds of the Iraqi legislature, since Iraqi society is distinguished by religious diversity. The establishment of legal sanctions would contribute to strengthening the social fabric and preventing sedition, sectarian conflict, fighting and intolerance.

Informality is one of the seven textual standards approved by the linguist (De Beaugrande): the study of a specific text and emphasizes the tripartite relationship between (the producer, the text, and the recipient) in contextual circumstances that interact between them, and then depends on arousing the recipient’s attention to the new, diverse and strange information he receives of what he imagines and saturating it with. His arrogance and adds knowledge to his knowledge due to the occurrence of shifts, revelations, and deviations in the text, thus breaking his horizon of expectation, and increasing the recipient’s surprises for everything unfamiliar or expected. Then he meets him with tracking, excitement, and response when looking at the verses of Surat An-Nur and the tools used to increase information. The research has monitored a number of manifestations and cases. Which needed to be clarified and taken into consideration, such as changing the linguistic vocabulary and introducing and delaying the Qur’anic text according to what is included in the context for which it was allocated

The most important characteristic of Islamic law is its interest in the finality of its rulings, achieving the interests it aims to achieve, and preventing evils. This can only be achieved by following principles and rules in the place of external application. There are preventive legal principles through which the legitimate interest and its benefits can be secured in a way that does not push a person to fall into... Spoiler, even if possibleReliable, and among these principles is caution in some acts of worship, transactions, or others, by taking some necessary procedures and measures to avoid the occurrence of corruption or the loss of interest, even if they are not necessarily highly likely or significant.
Sharia law calls on a person to be cautious and cautious about some actions and before they are done by him, in order to protect against falling into corruption, or missing out on the interest in the Sharia ruling resulting from that external action. This varies depending on those interests and harms in the eyes of Sharia law. Precaution may require action when there is an interest in that. It may require abandonment when it is arrangedIt is harmful to the action, but in all of them, precaution is characterized by being a preventive principle.

Talking about the future and trying to anticipate it gained the attention of Muslim scholars in the last years of the twentieth century, and despite the paucity of scientific studies that dealt with this issue, the call to pay attention to the future and the unseen and what is called futuristic studies finally began to appear publicly, especially since the texts The religious Qur’anic and fictional ones called for considering the movement of history as a continuous and permanent movement through which the features of building a promising future for the Islamic nation could be discerned.
This future outlook shows its importance in light of the lessons and lessons inspired by the Qur’anic stories about the conditions of past nations and previous prophecies, and the connotations and characteristics of some Qur’anic vocabulary on the one hand; On the other hand, through the divine laws that helped establish the principles of anticipating the future, so that it can be said that they represent the most prominent source of foresight..
Therefore, visionary foresight in religious texts emphasizes the importance of attention to the future and preparation for it. This serves as an assisting path for humanity to realize its role as God's vicegerent on earth, as mentioned in verse 30 of Surah Al-Baqarah: ˹Remember˺ when your Lord said to the angels, “I am going to place a successive ˹human˺ authority on earth.” They asked ˹Allah˺, “Will You place in it someone who will spread corruption there and shed blood while we glorify Your praises and proclaim Your holiness?” Allah responded, “I know what you do not know.”

The research aims to detect spatial variations in the proportions of gypsum (German calcium sulphate) CaSO4.2H2O in the soil of the lower valleys of the Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate. The study area (lower valleys) is located within the western plateau of the Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate, with an area estimated at 7187.6 km2. It is bordered to the north and northwest by the Karbala and Al-Anbar governorates, respectively, and to the northeast and east by the administrative borders of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate and the region. The meeting of the alluvial plain with the Western Plateau in the Al-Najaf Governorate, and to the south-east, the administrative borders of the Al-Muthanna Governorate, and to the south and south-west is the line of equal height 200, represented by the Al-Hajara area, which represents the northern part of the Najaf Plateau within the western plateau of Iraq. As for astronomically, it is located between two latitudes (12" 51' 6 – o30 " 0332 ' o) north and between longitudes (42" 33' o 43 –00" 43 ' o 44 ) east. The research relied on collecting and analyzing samples from (55) locations at depths of (0 - 30) and (31 - 60) cm distributed between soil Mixed gypsum, valley soil, stony land soil, and flood soil. Samples were collected during the month of December 2021 and the months of May and May 2022. The research concluded that the soil of the study area ranged from soil with a low gypsum content to soil with a moderate gypsum content in general, and that there is spatial variation in its values. As a result of the influence of a group of factors, the most important of which are the parent rocks, climate, surface characteristics, and water resources inThe study area resulted in variation in the proportions of gypsum hydrated calcium sulphate CaSO4. 2H2O .

The study of security services is one of the important studies in geography, and its importance lies in achieving security stability and preserving the lives and property of the population through studying security services and addressing their deficits and knowing the spatial distribution of security services in the city of Kufa within the foundational plan of the city, and showing the extent The efficiency and adequacy of these services with the distribution of the population and their density, diagnosing the problems that it suffers from, developing appropriate solutions, and trying to reach the optimal locations in the distribution of security services. The study dealt with the concepts of its subject and the spatial characteristics of the city, knowing the population distribution and areas of population densities, and whether they were consistent with the distribution of security institutions. As well as its relationship with security services and knowledge of the distribution of security institutions (police stations) and the scope of influence of each institution in order to indicate the areas within the scope of influence according to the local standard. It is clear that there is a deficiency in security institutions, and a deficiency in human resources for all of these institutions, in addition to the existence of areas that fall outside the scope of the service’s influence. Security services in the city of Kufa are distributed unevenly, and they are characterized by unfair spatial distribution.

I faced in this research to the city of al Najaf Al ashraf as realistic novel place (taxi crown) by Hasan Falih ) began a research that paves the way between the novel and the city > three topics : the first in the realism of the place and representation < while the second was confined to the technique of describing the place .
This description was divided into objective and subjective and finally ended the search with a sentence of results.

International water law constitutes the general framework for determining the division of shared water between countries, establishes legal rules for treating it fairly and equitably, and contributes to the stability and development of international relations in accordance with international conventions.
The controversial water issues between Iraq and Iran are limited to the issues of the border rivers and the Shatt al-Arab, as a result of Iranian projects built on them in contravention of the bilateral agreements concluded between the two countries, and its disagreement with the demarcation of the Shatt al-Arab borders in light of the unnatural changes that occurred in it after the 1975 Algiers Agreement

The countries of Central Asia are located in the heart of the Asian continent, and they are Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan, and these countries have a Muslim majority. These countries remained almost forgotten for a long period of time, but international attention jumped to them after the American withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021, and the international actors are most interested. In this region, which is rich in natural and hydrocarbon resources, there are Turkey and Iran. This means that the countries of the Central Asian region have become a new arena for competition for influence and interests between Iran and Turkey. Such interest requires us to reanalyze this sudden interest in this region and analyze its causes, and what are the mechanisms and means used by these countries. To enhance its influence and control its decision-making sources, and despite the differences in the elements of geographical, economic and political competition between the two countries; In light of a number of challenges that hinder their plans to dominate economically and politically over the region, and narrow their options, which prompts us to try to answer the question about what the current and future relationship between Turkey and Iran will look like in the countries of Central Asia, by reviewing the most important drivers of interest in the region, and comparing their ambitions. The two countries there, and its reflection on the strategies drawn up to extend Turkish and Iranian influence there, in addition to what this requires of analyzing the bilateral relations between them, in light of the presence of commonalities and intertwined relations, and the opportunities and challenges that this poses, in the short and long term, and to discuss this issue more broadly, We developed a research structure consisting of four sections, respectively
The first topic: The strategic importance of the countries of Central Asia to Turkey and Iran.
The second topic: Türkiye and Iran’s means and tools to dominate the countries of Central Asia.
The third topic: topics of conflict and disagreement between Iran and Turkey
The fourth section: opportunities, challenges, and drawing directions for the future relationship between Iran and Turkey in Central Asia

This research explores the role of financial inclusion in enhancing sustainable development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as envisioned in the 2030 Vision. It focuses on how to empower financial and banking services to cover a wider range of individuals and groups within society, thereby enhancing economic growth and improving the overall efficiency of the financial sector. The challenges faced in achieving financial inclusion and its potential impact on the Saudi macroeconomy, including its direct and indirect effects on poverty and investment rates, form the core issue of this study. The research revolves around identifying and analyzing the actual impact of financial inclusion on achieving sustainable development goals within the Saudi context, along with the opportunities and obstacles associated with it. Through the study, it has been found that financial inclusion plays a vital role in enhancing sustainable development by providing equal opportunities to access financial services and contributing to the reduction of economic and social gaps. It enhances the effectiveness of monetary and financial policies, achieves higher levels of financial and economic stability, and supports financial and banking innovation. The study also highlights that achieving financial inclusion contributes to economically empowering women and enhancing their capacity to participate effectively in the economy. There is a necessity to develop the financial and technological infrastructure to support financial inclusion, improve regulatory frameworks for consumer protection, and work on educating and raising public awareness about financial services. The study emphasizes the importance of learning from international experiences to overcome the obstacles that hinder the effective achievement of financial inclusion.

According to the data obtained, most students have great difficulty learning a target language. Therefore, the choice of texts plays a vital role in training. For our part, the use of stories as a tool offers several advantages compared to other didactic tools. Given its educational, playful and ethical effect, we will try to show the approach allowing the integration of the story as a teaching-learning tool, how the story can be a stimulator in a learning process and participate in the development of the taught

The research explores the linguistic strategies employed in world-building for George Orwell's "Nineteen Eighty-Four," analyzing how language shapes readers' cognitive representations of the dystopian text world. By applying Text-World Theory (TWT), the study investigates the construction of the discourse world, text world, and sub-world, elucidating the immersive techniques Orwell utilizes to depict the oppressive society of Oceania. The research uses discourse analysis to show how well Orwell used language to create a dark and controlled world. These language elements include references to place, time, character, actions, and modal expressions. Furthermore, the study delves into the cognitive processes involved in readers' construction of mental representations of the text world, providing insights into the intricate interplay between language, perception, and fictional reality. Ultimately, the analysis offers a comprehensive understanding of Orwell's world-building strategies and their impact on reader engagement with the dystopian narrative of "Nineteen Eighty-Four."

The research explores the linguistic strategies employed in world-building for George Orwell's "Nineteen Eighty-Four," analyzing how language shapes readers' cognitive representations of the dystopian text world. By applying Text-World Theory (TWT), the study investigates the construction of the discourse world, text world, and sub-world, elucidating the immersive techniques Orwell utilizes to depict the oppressive society of Oceania. The research uses discourse analysis to show how well Orwell used language to create a dark and controlled world. These language elements include references to place, time, character, actions, and modal expressions. Furthermore, the study delves into the cognitive processes involved in readers' construction of mental representations of the text world, providing insights into the intricate interplay between language, perception, and fictional reality. Ultimately, the analysis offers a comprehensive understanding of Orwell's world-building strategies and their impact on reader engagement with the dystopian narrative of "Nineteen Eighty-Four."