Samarra Journal of Pure and Applied Science

Using high-performance liquid chromatography method, three decongestant drugs, chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), paracetamol (Para) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (PPH) were quantitatively determined in pharmaceutical preparations. Using two methods. In both methods, isocratic displacement and a mobile phase consisting of (acetonitrile: a buffer solution consisting of 0.01 M dipotassium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate), a temperature of 38 °C, a wavelength of 228 nm, a volume of injected substance 20 μl, and a separation column of NUCLEODUR®. C18 (250 x 4.6 mm id) ec were used, In the first method (univariable method), it was found that the pH function was 7.8, the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the mobile phase ratio was 50:50 acetonitrile: Buffer solution), In the second method; the multivariate method (simplex method), it was found that the best pH function is 7.7 and Flow rate 1.0 ml/min and the mobile phase ratio 48:52 (acetonitrile: Buffer solution), and the results were close, as the retrieval was (95.18 -105.00) with a detection limit and a quantitative limit (0.092 -0.301 mcg/ml) and (6.440 -2.107 mcg/ml) respectively.

The mixture of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), paracetamol (Para) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (PPH) drugs has been estimated simultaneously using a developed method. The method was simple, fast and accurate. The suggested method depends on the derivative of subtracting spectra, by subtracting the overlapping absorption spectra of two drugs out of the absorption spectra of the mixture of the three drugs to get the absorption spectrum of the third drug, then this spectrum is derived using the first and second derivative patterns, and the process was repeated for the estimating each drug. The results have exhibited, that the range of linearity was (0.1-15), (0.1-40) and (0.5-50) mcg.ml-1, while the RSD% value ranged from (5.508-0.068), (1.649-0.143) and (3.744-3.744). 0.144), and RE% values (-3.542 - -0.049), (-0.958 - 0.004) and (-2.250 - 1.771), for drugs (CPM, Para and PPH) respectively. The proposed method was applied and was successfully applied for estimating drugs in some pharmaceutical forms.

Carbon nanotubes were prepared using cotton fiber residues (obtained from the General Cotton Industries Company) using NaOH, the material prepared was diagnosed in several ways : X-ray spectrum (XRD), atomic force microscope(AFM) and scanner electronic microscope (SEM), the results show that granular size of the nanomaterial is low than 50 nm, and the mean of diameters of these particles is (77.16) nm and the highest height of nanoparticles in the sample under examination is (30.42) nm and the size of these is distributed from 1-5 nanometres, and the material prepared is of wormlike threads form with cavities on the surface which indicates that the fibers have a large surface area and a wide pore mean.

The study included collecting of 11 types of spices. That are sold in the local markets of Tikrit (coriander, curry, turmeric, ginger, black pepper, tarshi spices, biryani spices, nigella sativa, cinnamon, and sumac) to investigate the presence of some types of heavy elements and to diagnose the microorganisms contaminating them. The results showed that the concentration of some heavy elements is within the permissible limits according to the standard set by the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization. The results indicate that they are all free of the two elements, cadmium and lead, while zinc, nickel and cobalt were found in different concentrations in other different types of spices. The concentration of nickel was higher than the permissible limit of black pepper, threshing, and turmeric samples, reaching (4.959, 3.850, 2.740) ppm, respectively, while the nickel concentration in the rest of the samples was less than 0.05 ppm, which is less than the permissible limit. In addition, the cobalt concentration was higher than the permissible limit in black pepper and curry samples with 4.930 and 3.732 ppm, respectively, while the rest of the spices samples were less than the permissible limit. It was found that the content of spice samples of zinc in all spice samples being under the permissible limit (100) pmm according to (FAO and WHO) and the values were between 0.392 - 1.794 ppm.The total number of bacteria in the spices was between ( 5 ×510) and (95× 510) and CFU/ gm , the presence of E.coli was observed in the whole examined samples with numbers ranging ( 93×510 _ 35× 510) CFU/ gm , while the number of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) was 1 ) ×51 0 to 17 ×510 ).

Different frequency of germination and killing of Convolvulus arvensis L. seeds differed in the 50 and 100 mg/ml concentrations of the plant extracts Where the first germination of the control treatment started on the fourth day, while the first germination of the treatment Melilotus indicus was recorded on the sixth day, As for the concentration of 50 mg/ml, the first case of killing was recorded on the eleventh day for Euphorbia peplus Achieve Eruca vesicaria outperformed all treatments in the killing process in all days of the study As for the concentration of 100 mg/ml, the first germination of C. arvensis seeds was recorded on the seventh day in the treatment of Sonchus oleraceus While the first case of killing was recorded on the fourteenth day for the extracts Euphorbia peplus and Silybum marianum, Different frequency of the effect of fungal extracts on germination of C. arvensis seeds differed at 50 mg/ml concentration. The first of germination was recorded on the fifth day in the treatment of the exudate Penicillium resticulosum While the first case of killing was recorded on the tenth day of A. alternate While the concentration of 100 mg/ml, the first case of germination was recorded on the sixth day of the fungal exudate Penicillium resticulosum And record the first case of seed killing was also recorded on the eleventh day of exudate Alternaria alternate.

The present study aimed to study of some chemical properties of the radish plant seeds,, which included the Humidity content and ash, its content of mineral elements, percentage of oil extracted, its density, viscosity, the percentage of protein extracted from its seeds during different pH periods and values and to determine the optimal conditions for its extraction ,where the Humidity content was found to be 1.4% and ash 8.32%, while the percentage of oil extracted was (1, 3, 1.5) ml at (1, 2, 3) hours respectively, as for some the properties of the extracted oil reached (0.943) and (38.20) for density and viscosity, respectively. The results of this study also showed the rate of protein extraction and determining the optimal conditions for its extraction, as the protein extraction ratio was (0.08, 0.12, 0.21, 0.38) gm at different pH values, which are (4, 7, 9, 12) respectively, and that the best extraction efficiency was at the pH is (12) and that the extraction efficiency of plant proteins increases with the increase in the base numbers compared to the acidic numbers. As for the periods used in the experiment were (1, 2, 3, 24) hours and the extraction ratios were (0.5, 1.8, 1.5, 2) g, and the best period protein extraction was at 24 hours, and the results of this study showed the estimation of some mineral elements of radish seed powder, it contained calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, copper, nickel, and that these seeds contain a high percentage of calcium and magnesium 15 and 5.6 ppm, respectively, that the seeds of the radish plant contain these nutritional values and chemical components is an indication of its biological and protective functions being an antioxidant activities.

This study was conducted in order to isolate and diagnose Staphylococcus aureus causing wounds and burns infection in the city of Samarra. The current study included the collection of 110 swabs from patients admitted to Samarra General Hospital and some private medical clinics in Samarra city from infected patients. With infections of wounds and burns, for both sexes, and at different ages, 16 isolates with an isolation rate of 14.54% of these bacteria were obtained from the auditors in the advisory department, emergency ward, operating ward, and internal ward The maternity and gynecology ward, the children's ward and the dressing division, in the hospital. Sensitivity was conducted for (12) antibiotics, where the results showed that Staphylococcus aureus showed complete resistance with 100% towards the following antibiotics: Erythromycin, Ceftriaxone, Aztreonam, and complete sensitivity towards the antibiotics. Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Imepineme, Levofloxacin, and varying resistance to other antibiotics. Some virulence factors were investigated for these bacterial isolates under study, where Staphylococcus aureus bacteria produced some of the virulence factors studied as follows: - DNase at 81.25%, Hemolysin at 87.5%, Coagulase 100%, lecithinase & lipase 62.5 %, urease 81.25%.

The physical and chemical factors on the course of the Tigris River in the city of Dhuluiya were evaluated for five stations، the first of which is in Al-Nahrain sub-district of Al-Dhuluiya district, the second is located in the Hawija marine area and is away from the first station 4KM and the third station is in the village of Al-Siddiq, 3 km away from the previous station. The fourth station is located in the village of Bishkan, southeast of Dhuluiya It is 3.5 km away from the previous station. The fifth station is located at the end of the region before the confluence of the Tigris and Al-Azim rivers, 2.5 km away from the station during the study period from September 2020 to February 2021. The study included the measurement of some physical factors (air temperature, water temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity) and some chemical factors (pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness( and plant nutrients.( Silica, nitrate, phosphate) The results showed that the air temperature ranged between (12.5-30.5) degrees Celsius, and the water temperature recorded values ranging between (11.5 - 27.3) degrees Celsius. As for the turbidity, it ranged between (3.25-146) N.T.U. The conductivity values ranged between (145-651) microsiemens/cm. The PH values at the study region showed a low alkalinity،which were (7.4-7.95) .It was also noticed that dissolved oxygen values were (7.4-12.5) mg/L .Depending on B.O.D values the water qaulity was fairly clean and was ranged (0.1-2.9)mg/L .The stations hardness depended on the geological land characteristics upon which water flows that it was founded that water was hard and was mostly resulted from bicarbonate .Total hardness was (110-218.267)mg/L ,calcium hardness was (64.640-102.579)mg/L ,magnesium hardness was (18.3-43.214) mg/L . Concerning plant nutrition ،silicate value was ranged (0.02-4.2) mg/L, nitrate was (0.359-1.26) µg NO-NO3/L, while phosphate value was (0.02-3.6) µg P-PO4/L

The current study was conducted on the course of the Tigris River in the city of Dhuluiya within Salah Al-Din Governorate in 5 stations, the first of which is located in Al-Nahrain district of Al-Dhuluiya district, which is located in the north of the city, and the last is located near the confluence of the Tigris and Al-Azim rivers in the village of Bishkan during the study period from September 2020 to the month of February 2021. Monthly water samples were collected from each station, and many physical and chemical tests were conducted for these samples, including water temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, silica, as well as measuring The total number of phytoplankton and the diagnosis of algae present in the stations The results showed that the water temperature ranged between (11.5 - 27.3) degrees Celsius. As for the turbidity, it ranged between (3.25-146) N.T.U. The conductivity values ranged between (145-651) microsiemens/cm, and the pH values ranged between (7.4-7.95) and it was noted that the dissolved oxygen values ranged between (7.4-12.5) mg/L, and depending on BOD values, the water was Medium cleanliness, its levels ranged between (0.1-2.9) mg/l, as for plant nutrients, the silica values ranged between (0.02-4.2) mg/l. As for nitrates, their values ranged between (0.359-1.26) micrograms/liter and phosphate values ranged between (0.02-3.6) micrograms/liter. In the studied stations, 97 species of algae were diagnosed, and diatoms constituted the overwhelming majority of them, accounting for 72.16%. The most prominent genera of diatoms are Fragilaria, Synedra, Navicula, Nitzschia, Cymbella, Gomphonema, Surirella. Green algae came in second place with 17.52% of its genera: Chlorella, Pediastrum, Scenedesmus Spirogyra, Closterium, then blue-green algae with a percentage of 8.24%. Its genera: Lyngbya, Merismopedia, Oscillatoria, Spirulina, Tolypothrix . It was followed by Euglenophyta algae with a percentage of 1.03%, including the genus Euglena, and also the Pyrrophyta with a percentage of 1.03, including the genus Peridinium.

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the biofertilizer efficiency prepared from local of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the growth and yield of soybean plant. Glycine max L. in steriled loam soil and non-steriled. The results showed a significant increase in the studied characteristics of soybean in biofertilized treatments, the percentage was increased of biofertilized treatments compared to un- biofertilized treatments in the number of nodules, fresh and dry weight of 205.80%, 677.77% and 2250% respectively, while the root and shoot dry weight were increased of 173.84%, 149.94 %, inoculating treatments gave higher plant height , leaf area and nitrogen concentration in the shoot parts compared to treatments of non- inoculating with an increasing percentage of 30.02%, 244.04%, 27.66% respectively. The results also showed that higher number of pods, total yield and protein were obtained at biofertilized treatments compared to un- biofertilized treatments by percentage of 56.97%, 149.15%, 29.80% respectively. The results of sterilization showed that, a significant increase in; nodules freash and dry weight, shoot dry weight, leaf area, as well as total yield and protein concentration compared to non-sterile with appercentage of. 400%, 633.33%, 10.15%, 17.37%, 27.41%, 11.26% respectively. The outcomes of interaction between biofertilization and sterilization showed that the fertilized and sterilized treatment resulted in significant increase compared to the non-fertilized and sterilized treatment in all studied traits. The fertilized and steriled treatment and the fertilized and non-steriled treatment did not differ significantly in some of these traits, This finding could be attributed to efficiency of the strain used in the sterilization and its ability to compete with endogenous bacteria in infection and formation of nodules in the roots.