Journal of Misan Researches

The study aimed at identifying the difficulties of keeping literary texts in the middle first grade from the point of view of Arabic language teachers and teachers. Teaching, measuring and evaluating, and then finding the goal of the form and its stability and experience on a sample of teachers and teachers in Arabic language, the researcher applied to the Teachers of Arabic language research for the duration of 12/1/2021 until 6/4/2021, the results were treated by statistical means and then presented and analyzed to be discussed in scientific way and then come up with conclusions that did not leave the field and freedom for students to choose the texts The lack of interest of teachers and their mother to use methods and methods that are creative in the teaching of literary texts, and in the light of the conclusions, the researcher recommended a review of the literary texts prescribed for middle first graders, which are commensurate with their psychological, rhyme and educational needs, the harmony of literary texts with each other and their relationship with the branches of the Arabic language in the desired curriculum, leaving the field for them to choose what they memorize according to their ability and potential

This research aims to study the human components for the sustainable development of agricultural soils in the district of Kimit, as they play a prominent role in the development process and thus increase agricultural production. Humans are the goal and means of development, as it has been shown that the population is constantly increasing, if it reached 33,292 people in 1997 and then increased to reach about 2022. (42,479) people, while the population densities varied in three categories: the general density was (25), the rural density was (30,262), and the agricultural density was (1.16-60.16) people/dunam throughout the district. It is clear from these densities the importance of the population’s role in Achieving sustainable development, as it turned out that the number of plows amounted to about (238) plows, distributed between the excavator plow (140), the inverter plow (24), and the disc plow (75). As for the irrigation methods used in the district, it is irrigation in the provinces close to The Tigris River, in addition to using the tap irrigation method, and the number of drip irrigation systems reached two systems, while sprinkler irrigation (4) systems. The research showed that the district of Kimit enjoys a network of transportation roads that connect the districts of the governorate with the neighboring governorates, as the study area has elements that contribute In increasing production, as soil is one of the most important elements of production, as soil is an effective element in development in terms of abundant production or yield

للعقل عند العلامة الطباطبائي مكانةٌ رفيعة؛ إذ يذهب ــ بوصفه فيلسوفاً مسلماً ومجتهداً أصولياً ــ إلى قدرته على إدراك الحسن والقبح، خلافاً للأشاعرة، وخلافاً كذلك للأخباريين الذين لا يعدّون هذا الإدراك حجّة ومعتبراً.
فبعد حديثه عن الفكر الديني، يقول الطباطبائي: لقد وضع القرآن الكريم في تعاليمه لأتباعه ثلاثة سبل لإدراك المقاصد الدينية والمعارف الإسلامية، وهي: 1 ــ الظواهر الدينية (ظهورات الألفاظ). 2 ــ الحجّة العقلية. 3 ــ الإدراك المعنوي عن طريق إخلاص العبودية وعليه، فالقرآن أمضى الإدراك العقلي وأجازه، بل اعتبره جزءاً من التفكير الديني نفسه

It is no secret to anyone who follows the events of history that the authority throughout its periods had a leading role in shaping its movement, which was full of various activities, through its effective influence in public life (political, social, economic, urban, intellectual and other various aspects of life), and it achieved academic positions. In Baghdad in the Abbasid era in general, and in the Buyid and Seljuk eras (the focus of the research) in particular, there was some clear disparity in the interest of the authorities, regardless of their names, in building and constructing scientific centers that played a clear pioneering role in the flourishing of the intellectual movement in Baghdad, especially the house founded by the Buyid minister, Sabur bin Ardashir on the side of Karkh in the year 383 AH and called it Dar al-Ilm, and the school founded by the Seljuk minister Nizam al-Mulk in Baghdad also in the year 459 AH and was known historically as the Nizamiyya School. The researcher divided the study into an introduction and two concluding sections that included important results. The first section: came under the title of “Power.” The Abbasids and their influence in establishing the Buyid House of Knowledge and the Seljuk Regular School). The second section came under the title (The Buyid and Seljuk Authority and its influence in building the school and the school). The study concluded that the Abbasid authority, both the Caliphate and the Ministry, had no significant role in establishing the two schools, as for the Buyid sultans. The Seljuks had a varying influence, between indirect influence in the Dar al-Ilm and the direct active role in the regular school. As for the real credit for establishing the cultural teachers, it goes to the two viziers, Ibn Ardashir al-Buwayhi, who founded the school, and the Seljuk regime, which built the sc

The skeptical concept of disbelief is an analytical and descriptive study to clarify the foundations and logical rules of the issue of disbelief. This study, which may be the pioneer in this field, aims to dismantle the principles and premises of the issue for the purpose of identifying its most prominent transformations from its inception to the present day, and showing the extent of their conformity with the intellectual doctrinal rules and foundations This study used logical analysis as a means to reveal the logical foundations according to which we determine the scale and extent of human disbelief, taking into account the determinants that were imposed in the study. In view of the doctrinal peculiarities and their overlapping entanglements, and despite the many studies that dealt with this topic in the Arabic language, they did not have this formulation in which they dealt with this topic. One of the most important stages of the challenge is the completion of this research, which was mixed with results, the most important of which are: The concept of disbelief is relative, and is subject to increase or decrease according to a person’s belief and actions

يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على ( أثـــــــر استخدام استراتيجية REACT في خفض قلق الامتحان لدى تلميذات الصف الرابع الابتدائي ) وللتحقق من هدف البحث تم وضع الفرضيتين الصفريتين الآتيتين:
1. لا يوجد فرق دال احصائياً عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين متوسط درجات تلميذات المجموعة التجريبية اللاتي يدرسن على وفق استراتيجية REACT ومتوسط درجات تلميذات المجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار البعدي على مقياس قلق الامتحان لدى تلميذات الصف الرابع الابتدائي.
2. لا يوجد فرق دال احصائياً عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين متوسط درجات تلميذات المجموعة التجريبية اللاتي يدرسن على وفق استراتيجية REACT في الاختبار القبلي والبعدي على مقياس قلق الامتحان لدى تلميذات الصف الرابع الابتدائي.
اعتمدت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي ذي الضبط الجزئي، والتصميم التجريبي ذي المجموعتين المتكافئتين، وحددت مجتمع البحث بتلميذات الصف الرابع الابتدائي في المدارس الابتدائية الحكومية في قضاء العمارة، حيث بلغ حجم العينة الاساسية (71) تلميذة، بواقع (36) تلميذة للمجموعة التجريبية و(35) تلميذة للمجموعة الضابطة؛ وتم تحديد المفاهيم الرياضية في صيغتها النهائية ب(41) مفهوماً منها(8) مفاهيم رئيسية و(32) مفهوم فرعي، وصياغة الاهداف السلوكية موزعة على مستويات (المعرفة – الفهم – التطبيق) من تصنيف بلوم Bloom، كما تم اعداد الخطط الدراسية، ولقياس مدى تحقق اهداف البحث بنت الباحثة مقياس قلق الامتحان مكون من(15) فقرة ، ملحق(1) لقياس مدى خفض قلق الامتحان لدى تلميذات العينة الاساسية، وبعد التأكد من الخصائص السايكومترية للأداة من حيث الصدق والثبات، تم تطبيق مقياس قلق الامتحان قبلياً، إذ تحققت الباحثة من تكافؤ المجموعتين في بعض المتغيرات، وبعد انتهاء التجربة تم تطبيق مقياس قلق الامتحان بعدياً على عينة البحث الاساسية، واستعمال الوسائل الاحصائية المناسبة لمعالجتها وهي (اختبار T-test لعينتين غير مترابطبتين غير متساويتين، ونسبة الاتفاق لكوبر، ومربع كاي، ومعامل الارتباط لبيرسون، ، ومعادلة الفا كرونباخ، واختبار T-test لعينتين مترابطبتين غير متساويتين)

The aim of this research is to identify the effect of the puppet theater strategy on developing theatrical acting skills among students of the Department of Art Education in the College of Basic Education at the University of Misan. A purposive sample of 70 students from the Department of Art Education was selected, with 35 students in the experimental group studying the puppet theater strategy and 35 students in the control group studying using the conventional method. The researcher used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the data, arriving at the following results:
There are statistically significant differences between the experimental group, who studied the puppet theater strategy, and the control group, who studied using the traditional method, in the post-test for theatrical acting skills, in favor of the experimental group

The study dealt with the study of the phenomenon of Al Jazeera News Channel's use of social media platforms (Facebook) and its role in enhancing interaction with the public, and came with a main question: To what extent does Al Jazeera News Channel employ the Facebook platform in enhancing interaction with the public?, With the aim of identifying the tools and mechanisms employed by Al Jazeera News Channel to achieve interaction with the public, and measuring the level of this interaction, and the researcher used the theory of media framing in the theoretical part of the study, and the researcher also used the descriptive research method in analyzing a sample The research of 412 samples, which the researcher collected in a comprehensive inventory method, and their data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, using analysis tables to limit the data according to the axes of the study, and the study reached results, the most prominent of which were: that Al-Jazeera channel achieved interaction with the public by providing various media contents, and in multiple ways and forms to meet the various needs and interests of the audience

The study dealt with the study of the phenomenon of Al Jazeera News Channel's use of social media platforms (Facebook) and its role in enhancing interaction with the public, and came with a main question: To what extent does Al Jazeera News Channel employ the Facebook platform in enhancing interaction with the public?, With the aim of identifying the tools and mechanisms employed by Al Jazeera News Channel to achieve interaction with the public, and measuring the level of this interaction, and the researcher used the theory of media framing in the theoretical part of the study, and the researcher also used the descriptive research method in analyzing a sample The research of 412 samples, which the researcher collected in a comprehensive inventory method, and their data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, using analysis tables to limit the data according to the axes of the study, and the study reached results, the most prominent of which were: that Al-Jazeera channel achieved interaction with the public by providing various media contents, and in multiple ways and forms to meet the various needs and interests of the audience

The subject of supplication is mentioned in the Qur’anic verses and the noble hadiths reported from the infallibles, peace be upon them. It has amazing effects on human behavior and has an impact on the soul and society. It is like all other acts of worship, as it causes cheerfulness and optimism in life, and is one of the reasons for success and prosperity and a reason for introducing reassurance and creating correct behavioral dimensions such as good morals. Humility is humility before God Almighty and is a reason for a person’s steadfastness and success. It has an important role in a person’s life. Among the pillars of supplication are the supplicant, the supplicant, and the content of the supplication. These pillars have a role in human behavior, such as the moral dimension that causes the human spirit to immerse itself in dialogue with its Creator, assistance, and interaction during supplication. Where he can pray for himself or pray for others, such as his prayers for his parents and the angels’ prayers for believers. As for the behavioral effects of the social dimension, such as the cognitive dimensions of supplication that the Qur’an spoke about, such as the doctrinal and religious dimension, which could be establishing prayer, sincerity in belief, integrity, and standing against tyrants and corruption, supplication had a behavioral dimension. Educational, such as success and steadfastness, and creating an atmosphere of victory and victory over enemies. There were educational and cultural dimensions to supplication in Qur’anic verses, such as the verses of the necessity of contemplating the creation of the universe, the encouragement to contemplate and study the celestial bodies, as this research conducted an analytical study of the Qur’anic verses in contemporary interpretations

This study dealt with the topic of “dramatic structure” for the poet Nazik Al-Malaika, because this modernist artistic aesthetic technique had a significant impact in making the poetic experience more influential, deeper in vision, broader in detail, and more beautiful in the mind of the recipient. This is what we observed in Nazik Al-Malaika, specifically in her poem “The Little Shop of the Qara’in.” Which was never the only one in her poetry. The research came in two chapters, the first included two sections, namely the concept of “structure” and the second the concept of “drama.” As for the second chapter of the research, it included three sections represented by “character, dialogue, and ending with the event,” with applied models represented by the elements in the poem

تكاد تتفق معاجم اللغة العربية على إنّ الحفز هو الحث ، والدفع أو الإعجال (( يحفزني حفزاً أَي أعجلني وأزعجني)) . قال أبن منظور ((حفز: الحَفْزُ: حثّك الشيء مـن خلفه سوْقاً وغير سوْقٍ )) . ولم ترد هذه اِللفظة بشكلها صريح في التعبير القرآني ، وإنما وردت ببعض الألفاظ القريبة مـن معناها كما في سورة النساء قوله تعالى: (وَحَرِّضِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَكُفَّ بَأْسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا) . ((والتحريض في اللغة كالتحضيض وهو الحث على الشيء)) . نجد إنّ المعنى اللغوي للتحفيز يشير إلى الحث ، أو الإعجال للقيام للفعل بسرعة ، كتحفيز الرجل للقيام, فصورة الاستعداد للقيام يعد تحفيزاً

أن تقسيم العمل في المجتمع وفق احكام النظام الاسلامي يأخذ في الاعتبار التكوين البيولوجي للرجل والمرأة على حد سواء ، حيث يتميز هذا النظام بالمرونة ومراعاة للظروف ومنها الاقتصادية .ومن ثم فان قيام المرأة بجميع أعمال الرجل في الحياة العامة والخاصة امراً مبالغ فيه ،لان المرأة تختلف في الكفاية والقدرة عن الرجل في اداء بعض الاعمال الموكلة اليها .
لذا جاء الاسلام بأحكام ومبادى بين من خلالها الحقوق والواجبات التي منحت للمرأة وخاصة في العمل ، حيث تتجلى هذة الحقوق والواجبات من خلال الآيات القرآنية والاحاديث النبوية الشريفة التي رسمت ورسخت تلك الحقوق والواجبات التي تتعلق بعمل المرأة. بالإضافة الى التشريعات الوضعية التي تناولتها بالتفصيل .
وعليه تناولنا في هذة الدراسة حقوق المرأة العاملة في الشريعة والقانون ، وذلك من خلال بيان حقوق المرأة العاملة في الشريعة الاسلامية ، حيث تناولت الدراسة حق المرأة العاملة في القرآن الكريم ، وذلك من خلال البحث في الدلالات القرآنية لعمل المرأة في القرآن الكريم وضوابط عملها ، بالإضافة الى بيان اثار هذا العمل من منظور شرعي من خلال الاثار الايجابية والسلبية لعمل المرأة .
كما تناولت الدراسة حق المرأة في العمل في القانون ، وذلك من خلال الاحكام القانونية لعملها وفق احكام قانون العمل العراقي النافذ رقم 37 لسنة2015 والتي تناول الحقوق العامة والخاصة لعمل المرأة ، واخيرا تناولت الدراسة حق المرأة العاملة في الاتفاقيات الدولية ومنها اتفاقية عمل النساء ليلاً لعام 1919 واتفاقية القضاء على جميع اشكال التمييز ضد المرأة (سيداو) لعام 1979. ثم خلصت الدراسة الى اهم النتائج والتوصيات

The study aims to identify both the category of used substance and the semantic map and the semantic techniques in BBC Arabic and MBC Iraq. and to achieve research objectives, the study relied on a qualitative approach through content analysis, By applying to a sample of 5 programmes distributed on MBC Iraq with two programmes and 3 programmes on the BBC Arabic Channel, the study found that the category of material used in the directed channels was the talking proportion (39.47%), ranked second by 35.52%, followed by third by portage by (25%), and the results showed that the semantic map used in the oriented channels was the use of borrowed images in proportion (19.38%), second place was the use of supportive senses (18.77%), followed by third place the use of deficiencies by (18.29%), the study also found that the most prominent semantic techniques used in the oriented channels were the method of perception in proportion (67.21%), second place was the use of words or compositions of religious inheritance in proportion (17.47%), followed by in third place the central word/keyword in percentage (15.5%), the study suggested that researchers should verify the impact of visual and textual elements by studying how it constitutes a combination of visual and textual elements in youth-oriented media channels

This article explores the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Imam al-Baqir (AS) as mentioned by Sheikh Al-Kulayni in his book Al-Kafi. It covers various topics related to reason, ignorance, the virtue of knowledge, the rights of scholars, warning against innovation and misguidance, and forbidding speaking without knowledge. Imam al-Baqir (AS) embodied these intellectual foundations through his focus on specific subjects that emerged in Sheikh Al-Kulayni's Al-Kafi, as conveyed through the narrations attributed to him. The general intellectual foundations include topics such as the importance of reason in belief, the significance of knowledge, and the obligation to understand religion. On the other hand, the specific doctrinal foundations address topics such as evidence for the existence of God, knowledge of divine self and attributes, belief in divine decree and destiny, the finality of prophethood, the necessity of Imamate, and the Imamate of Imam al-Mahdi (AS). These intellectual and doctrinal foundations hold great significance in understanding and grounding Shia beliefs, reflecting Imam al-Baqir's (AS) efforts to develop Shia thought and enhance faith and knowledge among believers. The narrations mentioned in Al-Kafi serve as both religious and narrative evidence supporting these intellectual foundations, affirming their validity and soundness. The study presents its results in a systematic and scholarly manner, highlighting the similarities and differences between the doctrinal concepts presented in the book and general Shia beliefs. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Imam al-Baqir (AS) and his role in the development and establishment of Shia beliefs. It also sheds light on the significance of Al-Kafi in comprehending the Shia school of thought and grasping its fundamental beliefs

- Evaluating the integration of social studies subjects in the middle school from the point of view of its teachers,The researcher followed the descriptive approach (school survey), as the research sample consisted of (160) social studies teachers, (80) geography teachers and (80) history teachers, in Dhi Qar Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024). The sample was selected by a simple random method. The researcher prepared a tool for the current research, which is the “questionnaire” to find out the opinions of social studies teachers about the process of integrating social studies subjects in the intermediate stage. It consisted of (61) items for history teachers and (61) for geography teachers, and all the items of the questionnaire are distributed into six main areas, namely (goals and content). teaching methods, activities, educational methods, and evaluation), and the tool was presented to a group of experts and arbitrators, to verify the validity and reliability of the tool. After that, the tool was applied in its final form on the research sample and then the data was processed statistically, and the researcher reached the following results:
1. The different goals of (geography, history, and civic education) and the lack of consistency between them.
2. The events and information provided by the content of the subjects (geography and history) are incomplete and do not cover the academic subject

Money has played an important role in human life since its inception. They are documents and testimonies to the various events that accompanied the period of its issuance. Historical documents that came from the period of the rule of the Assyrian king Sennacherib (705 - 681 BC) indicate that this king had ordered the making of clay molds and that they be poured. It contains the shekel and the half shekel, and from here it can be said that the idea of the first money appeared in circulation in Iraq approximately (2700) years ago from the present time, when the shekel became a specific weight and shape and bore a specific inscription known as (the heads of Ishtar), and because of that Iraq possesses a large store of coins of both metal and paper types, and private collectors and museums possess quite a few of them, in addition to the ongoing discoveries of these coins through specialized excavations by the Iraqi General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage, as the aim of the research is to:
1 - The research aims to define the role that museums play in the world.
2 - Overcoming the difficulties that accompany tourists in reaching the type of museums they want to visit.
3- Stimulating the relationship between the museum institution and the Iraqi Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.
4- Coming up with positive proposals to revitalize the Iraqi museum sector.
5 - Although there are many specialized museums in Iraq, adding a specialized coin museum will be considered a qualitative addition to the rest of the museums in the country.
The theoretical framework includes the possibility of applying theory, numismatics, types of museums, definition of museums, the economic role of specialized museums, then the conclusion, recommendations, sources and references

The current research aims to identify the level of achievement of the science curriculum for the fifth grade of primary school for students’ practice of basic science processes from the teachers’ point of view. The research sample consisted of (146) teachers who were chosen from the research community consisting of science teachers in government primary schools in Nineveh Governorate for the academic year (2023). 2024) According to a stratified random sample depending on the variable years of service, the researchers prepared a questionnaire consisting in its final form of (36) items distributed over the eight basic science process skills, with (4) items for observation, (4) items for measurement, (4) items for inference, and ( 5) items for classification, (4) items for forecasting, (4) items for communication, (5) items for using numbers, and (4) items for using spatial and temporal relationships. The researcher adopted a triple Likert scale through alternatives (large, medium, and small) and also verified the validity of the tool. In addition to its psychometric properties, the factorial validity in discrimination and the internal consistency of all its items were all within the acceptable range. As for reliability, it was calculated in two ways: the first was repeated and the second was internal consistency by applying the Cronbach alpha equation. The researcher then applied it to them in the field, then collected the data and analyzed it statistically using the t-test for one sample. The t-test was conducted for two independent samples and reached the following results:
1. The level of achievement of the science curriculum for the fifth grade of primary school for students’ practice of basic science processes as a whole is low (45.75%) from the point of view of teachers

Research title:" the degree of application of total quality management standards in the colleges of basic education / the universities of Maysan and Kufa according to the (HED PERF) scale."
The current research aims to know the degree of application of total quality management standards determinants in the colleges of basic education, specifically at the universities of Maysan and Kufa, based on the international standards of the HEDPERF scale for the academic year (2023-2024), and to compare the average responses of students in their respective schools and compare the average responses of department heads among them as well.
This measure is considered one of the most specialized measures in the field of quality of higher education. In its work, this measure depends on six aspects, which are (non-academic aspects, academic aspects, reputation and fame, access facilities, program issues, understanding of students’ needs),
Where the researcher followed the steps of the descriptive approach in completing the stages of his research, the research community consists of two parts. The first consists of the community of heads of scientific departments in the colleges of basic education at the universities of Maysan and Kufa, which consists of (13) departments distributed among the two colleges of political education. At the same time, the researcher relied on the heads of all departments. To represent the first part of the sample, which numbered (13) individuals.
The second part of the sample consists of fourth-stage students in the colleges of basic education at the universities of Maysan and Kufa. The number of the research population for this part was (250000)
The researcher took a representative sample of the research community and its number was (214) and of both sexes. The researcher relied on selecting the sample on a random basis.
The researcher relied on the questionnaire as a tool for his research, convinced that it is the most likely tool to achieve the desired research goals, as it consisted of (64) criteria distributed over six areas that we mentioned above.
The researcher used the statistical program (SPSS) and the program (EXEL) to process, collect, and analyze the data he obtained from his research sample, using statistical methods (alpha, Cronbach, weighted arithmetic mean, percentage, and range, t-test), and the researcher arrived at the following results, which will be arranged from the highest score achieved to the lowest, where:
The field of (reputation and fame) obtained the highest overall weighted mean in all fields and reached (4.7, with a percentage weight of 81.4, a standard deviation of 76.076, and a good verification level). This percentage for this field confirms that the faculties of basic education at the universities of Maysan and Kufa enjoy good reputation and great acceptability, followed by
The second area (access facilities) in terms of the overall weighted mean achievement score (4.1), an overall percentage weight of 80.2, an overall standard deviation (0.72), and an overall verification level of (good). This proves that these institutions are located in places in the middle of residential areas and main road , which facilitates the process of coming and going. these two institutions have good electronic communication facilities the registration and review process.
The third field (academic aspects) received the third highest score in terms of the highest overall weighted arithmetic mean of (3.90), a percentage weight of (78), a standard deviation of (0.86), and a verification level of (good). The reason for this field obtaining the third level confirms the necessity of keeping pace with the world in The field of development of curricula, teaching methods and modern educational methods in order to achieve greater integration with the labor market system and the desire of the beneficiaries.
While the fourth field (program issues) received an overall weighted mean of (3.86), a percentage weight of (77.2), and a standard deviation of (0.82), with a good level of verification. This percentage confirms that the program issues require greater communication, integration, and harmonization with solid universities in order to reach the desired goals.
The fifth domain (non-academic aspects) obtained an overall weighted mean (3.79), an overall percentage weight (75.8), a standard deviation of (1), and a good level of verification.
The field (understanding students’ needs) ranked sixth and last in terms of achieving the overall weighted mean score, reaching (3.42), with a percentage weight of (69.6), with a standard deviation of (1.6), and with a level of verification (good)

The research aims to shed light on Tunisia’s social issues in the Egyptian Journal of International Politics from 1965 to 2003, especially since the magazine was published on a weekly basis and followed all the social events of the African continent, including Tunisia, by virtue of the strong relationship between Egypt and Tunisia

The study is interested in identifying one of the most important caves returning to the Old Stone Age in the country of Iran. Inside the cave, as well as that a human being disappointed, to Jean stand on the human activity and the business they made inside and outside the cave

The research was summarized in studying the morphometric characteristics of the valley basins south of Mount Kira because of their geomorphological importance that gives a clear picture of the stages they went through. They are ten basins, the largest of which is Batadim (114.08 km2) and the smallest is Asaki (3.06 km2). The morphological characteristics indicate that the basins are still in The beginning of its oceanic cycle, which is close to a rectangular shape like the Jalal Basin, has a roundness factor of (0.278), indicating a decrease in the chances of flooding and the stability of water flow in it. This is what the basin shape factor showed through the relationship between the area of the basin over the square of the length of the basin, and the indentation coefficient showed that the basin Asaki is the most heavily eroded, reaching (126,986 m/km). It is an important indicator in knowing the amount of sediment transported, as its percentage increases with increasing eroding, and contributes to the speed of water erosion processes, while the waterways of the basins of the study area reached a total of (8,125) streams, reaching the highest number. For the streams in the Wadi Batadem basin (2577), the rate of survival of streams in all basins has low values, the highest of which is Asaki (0.153), which indicates a low rate of stream survival. The reason for the decrease is due to the small area of the basin in relation to the length of its streams and that the basin is still at the beginning of its sedimentary cycle. The conclusion of the study is The basins and valleys of the study area are still at the beginning of their geomorphological and erosional cycle

The research aims to study the Syrian policy towards the Palestine Liberation Organization in the period 1965-1971, and the most important issues that occurred during that period in which the armed side of the Palestine Liberation Organization emerged, which was headed in that period by Yasser Arafat, and the conflicts to which the guerrilla action in Jordan was exposed and the results that resulted from them. Syria supported the organization in those conflicts and supported it, and it took a wide role from the Syrian government, as Syrian policy determined the issue of restoring Palestinian rights in accordance with the requirements of political developments in the region, which created an atmosphere of tension between the Syrian government and the Jordanian government, and Syria severed its diplomatic relations with Jordan in solidarity with the organization. Palestinian Liberation

This research deals with the study of the internal rhythm in the poetry of Al-Batatiqi by Qais Hamza Al-Khafaji, who is one of the modern Iraqi poets. The research specialized in presenting the most important structures on which this rhythm was based, such as the structure of phonetic harmony, morphological parallelism, and syntactic parallelism, and the forms that branch out from them that produce internal music. This research included An introduction, followed by a presentation of the aforementioned structures, then concluded with the results of the research and a list of sources and references

Hedging devices are linguistic characteristics that have numerous functions. In this study of sociolinguistics, these devices demonstrate a comparison between the types and frequency of hedging devices used by the Misanis social groups prior to the COVID-19 time and the types and frequency of hedges employed by the same groups within the COVID-19 duration through their communication in areas in Misan city. The procedure adopted in the study was a questionnaire which was sent to the sample. The sample of the study consisted of 70 participants who were selected from physicians working in hospitals, university instructors and other social groups in the city of Misan. The data was analyzed as a body for the number and types of hedging devices used in this study. The talks spoken by Miasnis social groups were divided into two periods: the speeches before the appearance of COVID-19 and within the COVID-19 time. The results of the study demonstrated that the speakers during the Coronavirus tend to use more hedging devices in their speeches than in those of the same speakers before the appearance of the COVID-19. The recommendations of this study are to give hedges an enormous prominence due to their interest in a communication process in community and their help in solving many issues attached to that community particularly when speakers use such items in vague, cautious, accurate and solid situations

Abstract:
This research is concerned with studying dealing with the Dhimmi from the Prophetic Era to the End of the Rule of the Commander of the Faithful Ali, peace be upon him, where it presented a picture of peaceful coexistence in terms of the Dhimmi's inclusion in rights and privileges, and it detailed the demands of each era of rule to identify through the research the forms of dealing with the Dhimmi, so the research was a set of important demands

Britain rushed to the field of aviation in the early twentieth century, but this trend was slow, as it made balloons a secondary weapon in its military establishment due to the lack of need for it according to the point of view of politicians who focused their attention on naval dominance due to the influence of the British Empire in it, as it was the first naval power in the world at that time. However, British visions changed after the rush witnessed by other colonial countries (Germany - France), especially after the invention of the airplane by the Wright brothers in the United States of America towards creating an air force, as the signs of the occurrence of a global conflict were close, which prompted those in charge of political decision-making in the British Empire to make quick decisions that led to the establishment of the Royal Air Force, which became the next weapon to resolve the conflict between the warring countries

Baed tawqie alday Husayn day Aljazayir wathqat alaistislam fi eam 1830 shahidat baedaha Aijazayir kulaha min Alshamal alaa Aljanub wamin Algharb alaa Alsharq alkathir min althawrat alshaebiat fi lmudat bayn eamay (1830-1857) wah kanat tuetabar bimathabat radat fiel min alsukaan Aljazayiriiyn lilzulm aladhi talaqawh min Alaihtilai Alfaransii ,wamin hadhih ajthawrat thawrat mintaqat alqabayil alati aistamarat qurbat airbiwat aeawam (1850-1854) adh nahad kulun min shuyukh wazueama' alturuq aldiyniat walasiama alsuwfiat waqabayil biqiada Muhamad Alamjid bin Eabd Almali

In the early 1980s, oil policy continued its approach based on developing the oil sector after the National Oil Company extended its control over its oil fields and attempted to invest them directly while opening a number of vital projects, in addition to its success in raising the ceiling of its oil exports. However, these visions did not last long, as The outbreak of the First Gulf War in September 1980 had a fundamental impact on it in light of the collapse of the system for exporting oil in the southern ports, with oil refineries and pipelines transporting oil from the northern regions to the southern ports being exposed to major damage as a result of the intense raids launched by Iranian aircraft. These strikes had significant negative effects on the volume of oil exports, which declined significantly as a result of their interruption from export ports in the Arabian Gulf during the last three months of 1980. The National Oil Company turned its attention to other ports in order to compensate for the large quantities of oil it lost, but this did not happen. It is not enough in light of the continuing attacks on its infrastructure

The environment and its protection are regarded as crucial matters in Islamic law, as it is considered a gift from Allah and a shared right for all humanity. Islamic law emphasizes defining the rights of the environment and the corresponding duties of humans toward it, providing a legal framework to ensure its preservation and protection. This research, therefore, analyzes and elaborates on the significance of the environment in Islamic law, with a particular focus on the role of Imami Shia jurisprudence in outlining human responsibilities for safeguarding this divine gift

The current research aims to determine the degree to which English language teachers in the primary stage practice metacognitive thinking skills from the point of view of specialty supervisors.
The researcher used the descriptive survey method as an approach to his research. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the research tool, which is (the questionnaire) by reviewing the theoretical literature and previous studies related to the subject of the current study. It consists of (47) sub-indicators on three axes (planning skill, monitoring and control skill, and evaluation skill) that were presented to a group. The referees were asked to express their opinions and observations about the tool, and to extract its validity and reliability. This questionnaire was directed to a sample of 36 English language supervisors. Appropriate statistical methods were used. After applying the tool, the following results were reached:
1- The general performance of the degree of English language teachers' practice of the metacognitive thinking skill from the viewpoint of the specialty supervisors was at a high level, with the exception of some paragraphs