journal mustansiriyah of sports science

The current research aims to identify the effect of using a weight training curriculum in developing the strength distinguished by speed and accuracy in performing some offensive tennis skills among the research sample. To achieve this goal, the researcher adopted the experimental method, while the research population represents the third stage students / College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls / University Baghdad, which numbered (55) students, and in a random manner they were divided into three experimental groups, two groups. Then the researcher determined the research variables, which were the distinctive strength of the arms and the forehand and backhand in tennis. The researcher prepared a training curriculum with weights and different intensities, and after obtaining the results, the researcher adopted The statistical program (SPSS), as the researcher concluded that the training curriculum with different intensities in developing the strength characterized by speed led to the development of the accuracy of the forehand and backhand shots in tennis and recommended attention to developing the strength distinguished by speed because of its positive impact on the skill aspect of the game of tennis

The problem is determined by the fact that there is a discrepancy in the level of visual abilities between players, which resulted in many errors in skills during changing situations in the match. The researcher was not satisfied with the observation and resorted to using testing and measurement on a reconnaissance sample outside the main sample. The results showed weakness in some visual abilities and the most important basic skills for football. For young people, so the researcher wanted to conduct this study. The research aims to prepare special exercises to develop some visual abilities and the most important basic skills in football. The experimental method was used with two control and experimental groups, and the sample was chosen randomly. The most important conclusions are that special exercises have a positive effect in developing some visual abilities and skills. The basics for youth football. As for the recommendations, it is necessary to pay attention to activating the role of visual exercises in developing football skills in general.

The research aimed to identify the values of some kinematic manifestations (kinetic transfer between body parts, and kinetic flow in terms of the change in momentum of the force characteristic of speed) and the values of performance skills (delivery and receipt, movement towards the ball line, and defensive movements front side back) for young handball players, and to identify the relationship and contribution of each of the kinetic transport between parts of the body and the kinetic flow in terms of the change in momentum of the force characteristic of speed by performing each of the skills (delivery and receipt, movement towards the ball line, and defensive movements Front side back) for young handball players, and the descriptive approach was adopted in the style of correlation relations on the research sample (20) players by (76.923%) deliberately selected from their original community The community represented by the handball players in the two clubs (Army and Police) in Baghdad participating in the sports season competitions (2023-2024), numbering (26) players, Tests were conducted to photograph the technical performance of each player and presented it to three evaluators, and from this same imaging, measurements of momentum transfer between parts of the body, and kinetic flow were taken by the kinetic analysis program (Dart fish-Team Pro 5_full version), in synchronization with the main section with each of the three skills, as the survey continued over two consecutive days corresponding to the date (15-16/12/2023), and the researcher verified the processing of the extracted data using the (SPSS) system to be the conclusions and applications that the kinetic transfer Between the parts of the body of the force characteristic of speed is associated with and contributes to improving the technical performance of each of the skills (delivery and receipt, moving towards the ball line, and defensive movements front side back) and affects them directly, The kinetic flow in terms of the change in momentum of the force characteristic of speed is related to and contributes to improving the technical performance of each of the skills (delivery and receipt, movement towards the ball line, and defensive movements front side back), and it is necessary to pay attention to the planning and application of training curricula that take into account the integration of harmonization in the positive impact of the relationship and the contribution of kinetic transport between parts of the body, and kinetic flow in terms of the change in momentum of the force characterized by speed by performing each of the skills (delivery and receipt, movement towards the ball line, and defensive movements). front side back) for young handball players.

The researcher dealt with the importance of football and the distinguished position it occupies among the sports, as exercises were prepared by the method of interval training High intensity for the development of some basic skills in football, where attention should be paid to these skills as they are the basis for learning any game. On this basis, the researcher considered a practical study through which to identify the impact of these exercises on the sample, and the one-group experimental approach was used The sample consisted of (20) players from the training center of the General Directorate of Diyala Education, and it was concluded that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and post tests and in favor of the post test. The researcher recommends applying this study to different samples and groups in the sports field because of its clear results on the sample.

The research aimed to identify the psychological endurance among students of the first stage - College of Basic Education - Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Diyala, as well as to identify the differences in the phenomenon of psychological endurance and its relationship to the performance of the high jump event in arena and field events. The researcher used the descriptive approach in general The research reached (70) male and female students from the first stage - College of Basic Education - Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Diyala, for the academic year 2023-2024, As for the research sample, it was randomly selected by lottery from the research community, which numbered (63) male and female students, and represents (90%) of the research community. At the conclusion of the study, the researcher concluded that there was a difference between the sexes to a high degree and in favor of males. The reason is that female students suffer from poor performance tolerance, which affects their psychological state. The study came out with a number of recommendations.

The study aimed to identify the effect of exercises accompanied by therapeutic methods on players injured in the ankle joint of volleyball players, and the speed of their recovery, as most therapeutic methods take a long time during the treatment period, which negatively affects the players’ results. The researcher used the experimental approach in treating Research problems، As for the research community, the research community was identified with injured young players of Baghdad clubs participating in the Iraqi volleyball league for the 2022-2023 sports season who suffer from a minor sports injury to the players, according to the statements of the Sports Medicine Department, in addition to the diagnosis by a specialist doctor, which is numbered(12) players, and the research sample was chosen from them by (8) players, with a percentage of (66.66%) from the total research community. After the researcher completed the field research procedures using the scientific method of writing research, and after processing the obtained data statistically, she concluded several conclusions, including:- The exercises associated with recovery methods had an effective role in improving the speed of recovery- The exercises accompanying recovery methods played a major role in developing the strength of motor abilities.According to these conclusions, the researcher made several recommendations, including:- Paying attention to exercises that accompany the recovery methods for the body’s active muscles, as they have an effective role in improving the speed of recovery.-It is recommended to perform various exercises to prepare the body for rest, in order to avoid fatigue and stress. Relaxation and meditation exercises can be included to help restore calm and relaxation after strenuous training.

The research study aimed to prepare strength exercises to prevent shoulder injuries that frequently accompany rugby players as a result of direct contact with the opposing player, the fact that rugby is a new game in the country, and the fact that some of the rugby players are outside the field of physical education and sports sciences, and due to the lack of knowledge of the basic foundations for protection. The player himself from the injury and avoiding it, the researchers decided to delve into this field, especially since the extent of the female researchers in the rugby union and their closeness to the players and they have knowledge and knowledge of this game and a member of it and strive to reduce this injury by strengthening the muscles and ligaments of the shoulder blades of the players.In order to increase the efficiency of the muscles working on this joint and to identify the effect of the established curriculum, statistical differences emerged between the pre- and post-tests of the research sample. The researchers used the training curriculum with two pre- and post-tests of one group, and the injury was evaluated on the players of the men’s national team for the season (2022-2023). At approximately the ages of (22-26) years, the number of players was (20), and (10) of them were chosen for their commitment to the research procedures and obtaining the approval of the coach to conduct tests. The results of the research showed that the level of performance of the players improved, and it was noted that the range of motion of the scapula developed and the motor and functional performance of the scapula improved

The horse device with handles for men is one of the most difficult devices for players, which requires special skill and strength, specifically in rotation movements, that strength exercises, especially according to biomechanical indicators, are part of studies that focus on analyzing movement under specific mechanical conditions, which contributes to understanding the internal and external forces affecting the movement and its conditions, and the importance of research in organizing training lies in the selection of certain exercises for specific periods of time, while ensuring the achievement of the objectives of the exercise. As for the problem of the research, there is a gap between the performance of our local players compared to the world champions did not live up to the level of ambition, especially in the device of the horse handles, which requires an ideal balance between strength and skill and accurate biomechanical control in the movements of the body, so he worked on the use of strength exercises, especially according to the biomechanical indicators in improving explosive power and weighted movements and used the experimental approach in the manner of two equal groups on a sample of players (5) players and conduct the tribal test and use strength exercises, especially according to the indicators Biomechanical The application of special exercises took eight weeks, at a rate of (2) training units per week

The researcher conducted his current research (emotional reassurance and its relationship to the level of academic ambition among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences), the aim of which is to identify the relationship between emotional reassurance and the level of academic ambition among first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Kufa. The researcher used the descriptive approach. In the manner of correlational relationships, the two measures of emotional reassurance and the level of academic ambition were used on the research sample, which consisted of (90) students. After completing the scientific procedures for conducting research and after distributing the measures and the responses of the subjects to them, the data was processed statistically to produce several results. In light of those results, the researcher concluded several Conclusions including:

Professional knowledge is one of the main aspects of professional performance evaluation, and owning it shows us indicators of the possibility of indirect evaluation of teacher preparation programs. The current study aimed to determine the professional knowledge of physical education teachers for secondary schools in Baghdad. And determine the relative importance of each of them, and the researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method for its suitability to the nature of the problem, and the study community included male and female physical education teachers, and a random sample was selected from the original community of the study consisting of (130) teachers and schools of physical education, and the researcher distributed the questionnaire that contained (36) ) A paragraph divided into (4) domains (administrative and technological knowledge, performing knowledge, specialized knowledge, personal and social knowledge) and it was applied to the study sample members, and the researcher used appropriate statistical means to interpret the results. The study came out with conclusions, including the intensification of training courses by specialists as applied models for the development of teachers' competencies due to its importance and its connection to the growth of the teacher's professional knowledge, and the activation of the in-service training system for male and female teachers to develop their teaching competencies. Keywords: professional knowledge, teachers, female teachers.

The research aims to build a measure of the administrative obstacles facing the Department of Student Activities at Al-Mustansiriya University. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach because it is compatible with the research problem and its objectives. The researcher chose the research community through an intentional method. The research sample represents the trainers of the Student Activities Division, numbering 25 trainers. To achieve the aim of the research, means must be available to measure the administrative obstacles facing the Department of Student Activities at Al-Mustansiriya University Therefore, the scientific foundations of the scale were extracted.The measure of administrative obstacles facing the Department of Student Activities at Al-Mustansiriya University consisted of 38 items distributed over four fields, and after verifying the validity and stability of the measure, the researcher applied it in the final form with its paragraphs on his research sample using statistical methods, using the statistical analysis program (SPSS). Finally, the researcher reached the following conclusions:1.1: It was achieved to build a measure to identify the administrative obstacles facing the trainers of the Department of Student Activities at Al-Mustansiriya University from the point of view of its employees.2–4 fields were extracted to measure the administrative obstacles facing the trainers of the Department of Student Activities at Al-Mustansiriya University from the point of view of its employees, based on the statistical results as follows:The scale consists of 40 items, as follows:The first area was called Financial Obstacles and contained ten paragraphs.B. The second area was called Legal Obstacles and contained eight paragraphs.The third area was called (Technical Obstacles) and contained eight paragraphs.The fourth field was called (psychological obstacles) and contained 10 paragraphs.

The study aimed to: _ 1. Building a scale (self-vitality) for physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate.2. Identifying the level of personal vitality among physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate.The researcher used the descriptive method (survey and correlational) because it suits the nature of the research problem.The research community consisted of (238) teachers of physical education in secondary schools in Salah al-Din Governorate for the academic year (2022-2023), where the research sample was chosen intentionally and consisted of (238) teachers, representing a percentage of (100%) of the total research community.The construction sample included (128) physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate, and they were selected by a simple random method (lottery) with a percentage of (53.78%) from the overall research population. The application sample included (78) physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate. Religion (32.77%) of the total research community.The researchers used statistical data through (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test for two independent samples, Pearson’s simple correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and the hypothesised mean equation).The researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are:In light of the results of the research reached by the researcher, he concluded the following: -1- Physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate possess a vital self-ability to motivate themselves that enables and qualifies them to accomplish various tasks in the internal and external school environment.2- Physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate possess a state of clear balance and the ability to combine physical and psychological requirements through the physical education lesson and the ability to improve the psychological state of their students.In light of the conclusions, the researcher reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which are:1- The need for the Ministry of Education, especially physical education teachers, to support programs to develop the level of personal vitality and realize their importance in enhancing their positive job performance among its teaching staff, especially physical education teachers.2- Encouraging secondary school administrations to adopt the foundations and dimensions of personal vitality, especially among physical education teachers, which is considered the basis for developing the level of their functional abilities.

The current research aims to identify the effect of using physical skill exercises on endurance performance and some functional variables in the research sample. To achieve this goal, the researcher adopted the experimental method. The research community is represented by players from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/University of Diyala in basketball, numbering (20) players. By a random method, they were divided into two groups, control and experimental. Then the researcher identified the research variables, which were performance tolerance and some job variables. The researcher prepared a training curriculum using skill-based physical exercises. After obtaining the results, the researcher adopted the statistical program (SPSS) and the program (EXLL). The researcher found that the proposed training curriculum with skill and physical exercises had a positive impact on the development of the level of performance endurance and the studied job variables, and this is what the results showed, as the experimental research sample agreed with the control research sample in all variables.

The development that has happened at football l due to the development of science of training and its connection with other sciences ,which established greatly in the development of the training theories in terms of setting and making the plans and the training programs and making the solution for the (psychological and physical) problems and here lies the importance of looking for knowing the development that takes place on the cardio and respiratory fitness and enduring the action ,and through that the arrangement of ,the training loads are done in trainings so as to get the best adaptation of the members of the sample in some physical changes and enduring the physical activity through their leading football match referees ,a sudden drop happens in the physical activity especially in the last one third of time of the match ,which leads to early and the lack of focus in making decisions and the reduction of the physical performace like as running and taking the suitable situations that help making the right decisions. , The researchers hypothesized that:: -There's a positive impact of (TABATA) preparing in creating the cardiorespiratory wellness and physical continuance of second-class football arbitrators in Babil Governorate. -There's an advantage for the exploratory bunch over the control bunch in terms of cardiorespiratory wellness and physical perseverance within the coordinate for football officials. The researchers utilized the exploratory strategy for its reasonableness and the nature of the inquire about, and taken after the plan of two bunches (exploratory and control) with pre- and post-tests. As for the investigate populace, it comprised of (25) second-class football officials for the season (2023-2024). 3 officials were prohibited as the test number come to (22) officials were separated into two bunches, and each gather had (11) arbitrators. The works out were connected for a period of (6) weeks within the uncommon arrangement stage to create cardio wellness and continuance of refereeing execution

Special strength training exercises used by swimmers in order to build physical capabilities and improve physiological adaptation, because the success of the training process is measured by the extent of progress achieved by the swimmer and parallel training (Circuit Training) is a very effective and versatile method that targets multiple aspects of With specific breaks that can focus on strength You perform these exercises sequentially, moving from exercise to exercise with limited breaks, .importance of research in an attempt Employing the mechanism of giving exercises and training methods to link between different sports sciences The research problem noted that many swimmers have weakness when performing swimming races (100 m) chest due to the weakness of the physical and motor abilities of swimmers as the physical, motor and skill integration gives the swimmer the appropriate opportunity to do the correct motor work. of swimmers of the Peace Club and conducted the pre-tests and then applied the exercises on this sample and then the post-tests and concluded that the use of special strength exercises according to the training

The research aimed to identify the level of mental health, psychological adjustment, and cognitive achievement for second-stage female students. As well as to identify the relationship of mental health with psychological adjustment and cognitive achievement in rhythmic gymnastics for second-stage female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The research sample consisted of (20) female students from the second stage. The study relied on a measure of mental health and psychological adjustment, as well as cognitive achievement. The data was processed statistically using th arithmetic mean and the Pearson correlation coefficient .the results showed that there is a significant correlation to mental health and psychological adjustment among the study sample. There is significant correlation in mental health and the level of cognitive achievement for female students in the second stage in rhythmic gymnastics

Special zigzag running exercises at different distances and speeds to develop speed endurance in the Al-Qadisiyah College girls’ basketball team. The research included an introduction showing the importance of the hand in the game of basketball and its requirements for speed and endurance because it is a fast game that requires fast running in attack and counter-attack (fast break), as well as fast running to return to defense, starting power and agility in performance. The problem of the research is that female players do not They maintain the level of speed throughout the match. The importance of the research lies in preparing special exercises for zigzag running at different distances and speeds to develop the speed endurance of the players so that they can play with good efficiency. The research objectives are to prepare exercises for zigzag running at different distances and speeds, determine the distances, and know the effect of these exercises on developing speed endurance. As for the research hypotheses, there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests, the speed endurance test, in favor of the post-test for the research sample. The sample was chosen intentionally, represented by players from the Al-Qadisiyah College girls’ basketball team. The researcher adopted the one-group experimental method with both pre- and post-tests. The researcher conducted an exploratory experiment and then conducted the pre-tests. After applying special exercises, especially zigzag running at different distances and speeds, which took (10) weeks, the post-tests were conducted under conditions similar to the pre-tests. The statistical program SPSS was used to analyze the data, and then the data was presented in tables and discussed. The researcher came out with several conclusions, namely that zigzag running exercises at different distances and speeds develop speed endurance. It has a positive effect on developing speed endurance, as well as speed and agility. As for recommendations, the researcher recommended using these exercises for other groups and for both genders. These exercises can be used in other group activities and individual games

The research included the introduction showing the importance of color visual focus in the game of bow and arrow, where scoring points depends on colors and the research problem concluded that one of the reasons for poor correction among emerging players is poor color focus, and the importance of research lies in designing a color palette for the development and development of visual focus. Research Objectives Designing the color palette and preparing visual focus exercises and knowing the extent of their impact on the accuracy of correction. Hypotheses There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests of the visual concentration test and in favor of the post-test in the research community. An exploratory experiment was conducted to determine the needs of the tests and the work of the assistant team. The researcher conducted the pre-tests. After designing the painting and presenting it to the experts and the work of the honesty and stability coefficient and applied by the players and training on it and after the end of the completion of the specified period for training on the exercises for color focus in the designed painting, which took (12) weeks. The post-tests were conducted under conditions similar to the pre-tests. After unpacking the data form, it was statistically processed by the statistical bag The data were analyzed, presented and discussed according to tables. The research conclusions were as follows that the color palette has an effect on visual focus. Visual focus exercises have a positive effect on aiming accuracy. The researcher recommended the use of methods and methods that would contribute to the development of visual focus and the development of accuracy of correction on other samples. It is possible to benefit from the painting in visual focus tests in other games.

Sports tests that are used as a measuring tool for some physiological and psychological phenomena associated with motor or skill activity are used as an evaluation tool. Hence the importance of research in designing a test for the scoring skill with the head for football players. The researcher found it necessary to conduct research related to knowing the extent of the players’ performance in this game. The age stage to perform this important skill that affects the outcome of any match in a scientific manner on the basis of designing a test through which we can evaluate the players’ performance to determine the effectiveness of the established educational and training programs. The researcher used the descriptive survey method to suit the nature of the problem and the research procedures, and the researcher processed the data. Statistically, the researcher concluded that the samples were distributed between acceptable, average, good, and very good to test the ability to distinguish individual differences between players.

The game of basketball (orange ball) is considered one of the fast and exciting games in the world. It is played by both sexes and different ages. It has Olympic and international championships and has various performance skills, including defensive ones. This game requires physical abilities that players must have for duties during matches, including special endurance that is compatible with... The peculiarity of the game is the changing rhythm and positions on the field. The importance of the research lies in the importance of special exercises to develop special endurance and its role in influencing the defensive skill performance of the players throughout the duration of the match.The problem of the research appeared in the decline in individual defensive skill performance, especially in the last period of the match, where the reason is due to the quality and quantity of special exercises given in the training units to develop special endurance. The research aims to prepare special exercises to develop special endurance, then determine the impact of their development on the individual defensive skill performance of players.The researchers used the experimental method and the one-group method on a sample aged (14-16) years, which deliberately tested (Al-Karkh Sports Club) from the research community, which consisted of (11) eleven clubs, with (12) twelve players for each club, with a total of (132) players, with a percentage of 10 %. The exploratory experiment and pre- and post-tests were conducted for the research variables. In addition to the main experiment, which lasted for (6) six weeks, with (3) three training units per week. The research continued from 12/6/2023 until 1/27/2024, in addition to statistical methods.The researchers concluded that the exercises developed led to the development of special endurance for players aged (14-16) years. Their effect was also proven in all variables of the research, as well as the emergence of differences in all variables of the research.The researchers recommend that trainers emphasize the importance of benefiting from special exercises after their impact on special endurance has been proven. They also emphasize diversifying special exercises according to the correct intensity and grading them in harmony with this age group, in addition to the necessity of allocating sufficient time during the training units for special endurance.