Economic Sciences

Government funding for small projects through soft loans programs is a major source of funding, helping to promote macroeconomic indicators in both developed and developing countries. This study sought to find out the sources of funding for these projects, the main obstacles, financial and financing problems facing them, their macroeconomic relationship, Small Projects in Iraq. The study also sought to investigate the impact of small business finance on small sector financing and to know the reality of these small projects in Iraq.

With the increasing of complexity of the financial markets, and with the expansion of investment opportunities in fixed income instruments, it is difficult to obtain sufficient information about the ability of potential borrowers to meet their financial obligations. However, borrowers need to strengthen their international reputation to decrease the financing costs. The global rating agencies, with their tools in this area, can provide a credit rating service, thereby determining the creditworthiness of bond issuers and narrowing the information gap between them and their investors. This research deals with the presentation and analysis of the S & P rating factors to reach sovereign credit rating and thus identify sovereign risk, to arrive at conclusions listed at the end of the research

The study aims at identify the extent of practicing entrepreneurial and transformation leadership in the Iraqi and foreign companies of oil and gas , and to discover the role of the intermediary of the individual's confidence in his creative potentials on the strength of the relationship between the two types of leadership and the level of individuals creativity .
The study includes (7) foreign companies operating in the field of oil and gas and (7) national companies .A questionnaire adopted in the study is distributed to a sample of (78)department manager and(234)of personnel working in the sections of research and development, training and planning. The study has reached several recommendations, including:
- Emphasize the value of creativity in managers to create competitive advantage m improve the production process and strive to provide an innovative environment.
- Working on leadership training to adopt balance by using entrepreneurial and transformation leadership and learning their skills.

This study has been examined the correlation and the influence of the organisational DNA dimensions such as: have the right to make a decision, motivation, information, and organisational structure; which are all called the organisational DNA, and this was the independent variable. However, intellectual capital considered as a respondent variable that is included three dimensions: human capital, costumers and structure.
This study has been applied in the General Company for Ports of Iraq, which is considered as one of the oldest companies in Basra city, as it's established in 1919. The study is based on collecting data using a survey questionnaire, which is distributed to 30 managers of this company.
The study concluded for some conclusions, the main ones were not giving the right for the managers to be part of the decision-making process, in addition to the changeful influence of the organisational DNA on the intellectual capital, with giving high attention to the staff motivation. The main results of this study indicate that the importance to focus on the organisational DNA dimensions; the decision-making right, information, organisational structure, and motivation

هدف البحث الى التشخيص الدقيق لظاهرة الفساد الإداري وتأثيره في تقييم اداء العاملين لأراء عينة من العاملين في جامعة البصرة, ولتحقيق هذا الهدف اجرت الباحثة بحثاً استطلاعياً لأراء عينة من العاملين في جامعة البصرة و تكونت عينة الدراسة من (60) موظفاَ وكان عدد الاستمارات الصالحة (50) وعدد الاستمارات غير الصالحة (10 ) . وفي ضوء ذلك اجرت الباحثة عملية تحليل البيانات واختبار الفرضيات بأستخدام الاساليب الاحصائية كأستخدام البرنامج الاحصائي (SPSS ) لتحليل البيانات واستخدمت الاساليب الاحصائية الوصفية لمعرفة تصورات افراد العينة للفساد الاداري وتأثيره في تقييم اداء العاملين .
The aim of the research is to accurately diagnose the phenomenon of administrative corruption and its impact on the evaluation of the performance of workers for the opinions of a sample of workers at the University of Basra, and to achieve this goal the researcher studied the opinions of a sample of workers at the University of Basra and the sample of the study was made from 60 employees and the number of forms Valid (50) and the number of invalid forms (10). In the light of this, the researcher conducted data analysis and hypothesis testing using statistical methods such as the use of statistical program (SPSS) to analyze the data and used descriptive statistical methods to know the perceptions of the sample members of administrative corruption and its impact on the performance evaluation of the employees. The search revealed a range of results, including the existence of an implication between administrative corruption and the performance of the employees, and the research found several conclusions, the most important of which is the need to reduce some of the negative effects of administrative corruption on the performance of workers by imposing severe penalties on the causal patterns and supporting the dissemination of administrative corruption.

The Weibull-Gumbel distribution, which is resulting of the integration of two parameters Weibull Distribution, and Gumbel Distribution which where proposed distributions to expand the distribution of Weibull distribution by adding new parameters. In this research, a compares has been achieved between two methods of estimation to estimate the parameters of the proposed distribution by using simulation as a sampling technique for data from Weibull – Gumbel distribution with different samples sizes and parameters. The total standard deviations were used to compare accuracy of both estimation methods.

Diabetes is considered is one of the most common and most dangerous disease, as the disease has complication that lead to death. The research aims to build a logistic regression model for diabetes type I and II .The research was based on preliminary data taken from the same size of 216 patients with diabetes of both sexes and different age groups from Al Basra General Hospital. The researcher used the descriptive and analytical methods as the logistic regression model was constructed and the results were analyzed using the SPSS program, and the most important result were that the logistic regression model is highly explanatory and descriptive. The independent variables in the model succeeded in interpreting 45% to 77% of the changes in the dependent variable. This was confirmed by the values of R2,according to
This result , other factors not included in the model have an effect .These factors may be psychological or hereditary .The study model showed a significant effect on age and weight on patient classification .The correct overall rating of model was 94%. And the correct classification of diabetes type I was 75%. People with type II diabetes have the right classification rate of 98%.