JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

This research includes study of the effects of general anesthesia on
lipid peroxide formation and some antioxidant system in serum of
patients with appendix surgery. Forty seven patients under general
anesthesia with age range of 15-45 years living in Mosul city were
selected. The level of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced form of
glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), uric acid, albumin and
ceruloplasmin were measured. The results showed a significant increased
in MDA level (as an index of lipid peroxidation) in patients under
pentothal anesthesia in comparison with preoperative samples. On the
other hand, patients under general anesthesia had decreased GSH
concentration, SOD activity, uric acid, albumin and ceruloplasmin
concentration when compared with preoperative samples

A guide by the idea that the rate of SN2
substitution reactions are
highly affected by the charge of the atoms at or near to the reaction center
Effects of a New Set of Computed Additive Parameters on the Rate …
8
together and the bond length between carbon atom and the leaving group.
Also the total strain energy of reacting molecules has great effects on the
reaction rate. The present work employed high level ab nitio calculation
(RHF/3-21G) in order to calculate the above parameters for a set of
fifteen bromoalkyl amines undergoing. SN2
replacement reaction of the
bromide ion by hydrogen thiosulphate ion in acidic medium.
The results of these calculations showed that the alkyl substituent
at the amino group has pronounce effects on the charge value at the atoms
of the molecules at or near the reaction center. On the other hand, the
total strain energy of the molecules increases, as the bulkiness of the Nsubstituents and chain length of alkyl amine increase which prove that
these theoretical calculations are in accordance with the well known
chemical principle. A simple correlation of the above parameters with
experimental values of the rate constant for the substitution reactions at
pH equal to 4.9 showed a good relation with charge at the carbon atom
attached to the leaving group as well as the charge at the leaving group.
While the C-Br bond length and total strain energy showed no significant
effects on the reaction.

The neurobehavioral effects of continuous dosing (as food
additive) with potassium nitrate were assessed in albino rats. The rats
were divided into the five groups, the control group have been fed in a
concentrated forage (Barley, wheat, soybean, corn, wheatbrane) where as
the treatment groups were fed with the same concentrated forage with the
addition of potassium nitrate in different percentages (second group
added 0.1%, 3rd group added 0.1% with 0.2%ascorbic acid as antidote,
4th group added 0.2%, 5th group added 0.2%with0.4%ascorbic acid as
antidote) respectively for 5 weeks. Potassium nitrate did not produce
overt signs of toxicosis but significantly decreased the open-field activity
and also decreased the number of rearing during the open-field activity
test, they reached to minimum level at the 4th week of treatment were
reported, these decrease were followed gradual elevation to reach that
values of the control group level at the end of study period. Potassium
nitrate significant delayed the negative geotaxis at 45° angle and retain to
reach the control level in 5th week in .The treated rats also suffered from
a gradual increase in the body weight in comparison with pretreatment
values, where as there was no effective significant the number of fecal
boluses and swimming endurance. In this study the ascorbic acid (as
antidote) in group 5 (0.4% with 0.2% potassium nitrate) differed
significantly with group 4 (0.2% potassium nitrate only) that means the
ascorbic acid give good result when it used for treatment of nitrate
poisoning in animals. The results support the notion that in the absence of
overt signs of toxicosis, neurobehavioral tests could be used to detect
adverse behavioral changes induced by potassium nitrate.

Photoinitiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate has been
observed using cw-CO2 laser radiation of (10.6 µm). Both of DSC and
CW-CO2 Laser photoinitiated polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate.
25
TGA thermal analysis techniques were used for identification of the
thermal characteristics (Tg, Tc, and Tm) as well as the thermal stability
of the laser photoinitiated PMMA and they compared with that
corresponding to classical, conventionally initiated PMMA.
In cw-CO2 laser radiation, each of powers (10, 15, and 20W) was
used. Although a definite increase in Tg value and thermal stability were
observed while power are (10W,15W and 20W), the polymerization
pattern remained basically the same in all these cases.
Multi-Photon absorption reaction phenomenon was attributed to
elucidate the mechanism of interaction between the CO2 laser light and
MMA monomer molecule.

Chemical method has been used to prepare cadmium sulphide films
by using cadmium chloride (CdCl), Amonia (NH3) and thiourea
(CSNH2). The effect of the temperature of preparing solution over the
range of (40-80o
C) have been studied, it show that increasing of the
solution temperature will increase the reaction speed and change the film
color to more orange side. The optical properties over the wavelength
range (400- ٧00)nm were recorded before and after annealing of prepared
film at 300o
C for 30 mint, so the calculated energy gap was about (2ev).

In this work, static and dynamical chracteristics of SCR(BT51)
thyrister have been studied.In relate to static chracteristics, I-V
relationship of this device has been illustrated at different temperatures as
well as determination of threshold voltage values (Vth) ,studing it's
variation as a function of temperature and the result obtaining from this
study that the (Vth) is nonlinearly increasing with temperature increasing,
this gives the fact that the device senstive to temperature variation.Also,
the relationship between both of the conductance (G = dI dV ) and the
parameter (dG dV ) with anode-cathode voltage variation have been
explained.
Modulation Response of the Thyristor SCR (BT151) at High Frequency.
44
For dynamical properties of this device,the intermodulation
distortion as a function of common effect between anode and gate
frequencies more than (5 kHz) has been observed.

A theoretical analysis of the optical feedback from external reflector
influence on the Frequency response of GaAs/Al0.45Ga0.55As triple
quantum well Quantum Cascade Laser emitting at (λ=9 µm) is presented.
The employed theoretical model was based on Schrodinger equation. To
demonstrate the effects of external cavity, many of the external cavity
parameters were controlled such as the length of the external cavity, the
proportion of optical feedback and the relative phase difference

Lattice thermal conductivity for silicon nanowires and quantum
well are theoretically investigated in the temperature range from 2K to
300K. The modified Gallaway method for bulk crystal is used for
calculating lattice thermal conductivity. All important phonon relaxation
mechanism such as Umklapp scattering, Mass-difference scattering and
boundary scattering are calculated at 300K. The result show that the
modification of the acoustic phonon modes and phonon group velocities
due to spatial confinement of phonons lead to significant increase in the
all phonon relaxation rate. From our numerical results, we predicate a
significant decrease of the lattice thermal conductivity in cylindrical
Size effect on the phonon heat conduction in semiconductor nanostructures.
٦٥
nanowires with diameter (D=10-nm), and quantum well with thickness of
the same size, results compared to that of the reported experimental as
well as theoretical values.

This research included a clinical study of cytidine deaminase
activity in serum, which included of seven types of cancer patients
involve larynx, lung, renal, bladder, sarcoma, prostate and seminomia and
Thalassemia patients as well as, diabetes patients. The result showed
through (115) cases of cancer patients an increase with a significant
difference (P<0.0001) of activity enzyme compared with (50) of healthy
control, alsow to be found increase for enzyme activity in (50) cases of
thalassemia patients by significant difference (P<0.05) compared with
healthy control, while to exist decrease by significant difference
(P<0.001) in (70) cases of diabetes patients for two types of disease
diabetes (Insulline dependent and non insulline dependent) compared
with control.
In addition to study of influence age and sex for healthy and
patients on cytidine deaminase activity, that to find out decrease
significant in advanced in years of healthy control, where as an increase
activity of enzyme in males of patients larynx and lung cancer.

The aim of the present study was to delect the effect of aqueous
and alcoholic extracts obtioned eight spiecies of plants on the growth and
development of ovaries in mosquito Culex pipiens molestus Forskal.
This study included the treatment of the third larvae stage of the
aforementioned with four different concentrations (160, 120, 80, 40) ppm
of aqueous extracts and other four concentrations (3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5) ppm
of alcoholic extracts. these extracts were obtaiened from the leaves of
Myrtus communis L. leaves of Ficus carica, leaves and inflourescences of
Mentha piperrita and Ocimum basilicum, fruits of Rhus coriaria L., seeds
of Nigella sativa, aerial parts of Hypericum crispum and leaves of Melia
azedarach L., the length and width of ovarian folliecles were measured in
the females obtained from the aforementioned trated larvae. The
measurement were carried at adult eclosion and at12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and
96 hours after eclosion. The results of present study, in general, revealed
that the best inhibition of the length of ovary took place when larvae were
trated with fruits of R. coriaria extracts, where as the extracts of the N.
sativa grave the best inhibition of width of ovary. this also showed that
the best inhibition of the length of the follicles was when larvae were
trated with the extracts of H. crispum, where as, the best inhibition of the
width of ovarian follicles took place when larvae were trate with extracts
of N. sativa. The result of this study also revealed that the alcololic
extracts showed their superoity of inhibition, effect on that of aqueous
extracts.

The study tested the effect of the lipopolysaccharide, which was
extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae, on immune response of BALB/c
mice infected with secondary hydatid disease caused by experimental
infection with Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices.
The immunopathological changes accompanied with secondary
hydatid disease in mice treated with LPS were followed in comparison
with the positive and negative control group along 3-5 months period of
the experiments. Criteria taken into consideration included the changes in
the total and differential count of WBCs, and non-specific (innate)
immune response, expressed by the change in the phagocytic index.
Results of the present study revealed an increase in the means of
total and differential count of WBCs, expressed by increase in the number
of lymphocytes accompanied by a decrease in number of monocytes,
neutrophils and eosinophils in treated mice. An increase in the
nonspecific immune responses is represented by increase in the mean of
phagocytic index.
Therefore, it may be concluded that the lipopolysaccharide extracted
from Klebsiella pneumoniae can be used as a non-toxic stimulator of
non-specific immunity against infection with secondary hydatid disease

The present study included isolation of Giardia lamblia from stools
of patients then inoculation of giardiasis in the rat, Rattus rattus
norvegicus. The induction was of two forms: parasites radiated and
unradiated aiming to throaw a light on the effect of gamma radiation on
virulence of infection, duration of resistance, and a period of existence in
the host. The criteria which were used in this study are the mean of the
production of cysts, reduction of host weight, and effect of infection on
histological changes of the intestine via villi /crypts ratio. The cysts of G.
lamblia were irradiated with Gamma rays in a dose 0.1122 × 10-3 ml rad/
hr and 1.5624 ×10-3 ml rad/hr for 2 and 24 hours respectively. A
comparison was made between results of radiated and a unradiated G.
lamblia ccysts after oral administration of dose 2 ×104
cyst/ml.
The results revealed that radiation reduced the duration of resistance
and existence of the parasites in the host body
- The radiation reduced the resistance duration and existence of the
parasite in host body, and reduce the production of cysts in highly
significant level.
- Radiation did not reduce reduction the weight of the host infested with
radiated parasites.
- Reduction in villi/crypts ratio is less animals infected with radiated
parasites than those of unradiated ones.

The antagonistic ability tests of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma
viride against pathogenic fungi, indicated a high inhibiting effect on the
growth of two isolates of Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani with
modrate degree of antagonism and weak with Macrophomina phasealina.
The effect of the fungal polysaccharide produced by Alternaria alternata
on the radial growth of pathogenic fungi and the biocontrol agent showed
that the relatively high concentrations (i.e. 4 and 5 gm/l) reduced their
growth slightly, but stimulated the development of spores of
Trichioderma viride simultaneously and increased their numbers. Seed
treatment with spore suspension of T. viride cause significant reduction in
infection percentage and disease severity of both pre and post emergence
seedlings damping-off, and led to an increase in seedling length and dry
weight of the seedlings in pot experiments. The addition of adhesive
material (i.e. Fungal polysaccharide or gum Arabic) to the seeds
increased the reduction in infection percentage and degree of severity of
the disease, and also increased length and dry weight of the seedling. The
microbial polysaccharide was better than gum arabic in controlling the
disease, although no significant differences were noticed between them.
Moreover, it improved growth characters of the plants.

This study is aimed to make a comparison between three artificial
neural networks, these networks differ from each other in architecture and
the method of adaptive the weights. In this research four ANN are used to
recognized English number, these ANN are Adaline, Backpropagation,
Hopfield, and Kohen ANN. By doing the comparison, we found that, the
ability of a network differentiation does not depend on the complexity of
the network architecture, the training algorithm or the number of layers,
but it depends on the learning rule and increase in the number of the
patterns that are used to train the network.

The effect of aqueous extract of Olea europea L. leaves was
studied in four sublethal conce.i.e., 0.025, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% on the larvae
ovaries of insect Culex pipiens molestus Forskal. These larvae were of
third instars concluding four stages of age viz., 24, 48, 72, and 96 h., after
there emergence. Findings of the study revealed various abnormalities
including reduced size of vestigial ovaries in the advanced stages.
However, such reduction in the ovaries was less than those occurred at
the early stages i.e., 24 h pre-emergence. Other deformities involved
irregular distribution of yolk or vitelline granules within the oocytes,
huge inhibition of granule formation or their deposition, an extreme
decrease in the number of ovarioles, ovarian follicles and egg production.
All concentration. In both stages 24 and 48 post-emergence showed
inhibition in the length and width of the ovaries with their follicles having
decreased number of ovarian follicles. All conc. In stage 72 h posthatching caused significant inhibition in the characteristics investigated,
however, 0.25 % concentration. caused the effective inhibition in the
length of ovary and width of ovarian follicles. Regarding to the last stage
i.e. 96 h post-emergence, it was found that all concentration. followed
were inhibitory for length and width of ovary and length of ovarian
follicles, however, the most effective inhibition was observed at 0.5 and 1
% concentration. concering the width of ovarian follicles, there were no
inhibition of all different concentration. used as compared with control
specimens.

The properties of the yrast levels of 78-82Sr even-even isotopes have
been studied. The method of gamma energy over spin (E-GOS) has been
used to analyze the energy levels of these isotopes which shows that the two
isotopes 78 Sr and 80Sr lie in the γ-unstable, O(6), limit, but 82Sr isotope lies in
the transition region (SU(5)→SU(3)).
The interacting boson model IBM-1 has been used to calculate the
energy levels for these three isotopes each for the limit it lies and a
comparision with the experimental data is done and shows a good
agreement.
The backbending in the energy levels for 80Sr and 82Sr are observed
but not for 78Sr.

The rates of bulk etching (VB) and track etching (VT) are
considered an important parameters in identifying the track profiles and
its growing rate. So, this paper aims at determining an empirical relation
for the bulk etch rate of CR-39 (250 µm) with etching time and γirradiation dose. A number of CR-39 detector pieces were exposed to
different doses of exposure times (9-30) hrs with 3 hrs step of increasing.
A KOH solution of concentration 25% and temperature (70 ± 1)OC was
used in chemical etching of the exposed and the standard pieces of the
detector which have showed increasing of VB with γ-doses that exposed
to. A fitting process of VB curves was carried out with different exposure
times for used etching times, and it was found that the polynomial form is
the appropriate one to estimate the constants of the suggested empirical
equation for VB as it is related to the etching and γ-exposure time.
However, the results of the suggested equation of VB have showed a good
agreement with the experiment ones under the considered conditions.

Highly transparent ZnO thin films were grown by chemical vapor
deposition (CVD) on glass substrates at various substrate temperatures
and sample positions inside the deposition chamber. The optical
properties of the films were investigated. Optimized ZnO films have an
average transmission in the visible range is about 90% at substrate
temperature 500 ºC and the optical energy gap is 3.2 eV. It was also
found that the best position of the films inside the chamber is about 16 cm
from the inlet side of the gases.

In this paper we concerned with two dimensional flow for
incompressible thin liquid film on a solid surface which is inclined by an
inclination angle α under the action of gravity force. We apply the
momentum equations (Navier- Stokes) and the conservation of mass
equation (continuity equation) with specified boundary conditions to
obtain to equation that governs such flow, we use the numerical methods
to find the thickness of the thin film.

In this paper we consider parameter estimation in a linear
regression setting with inequality linear constraints on the regression
parameters. Most other research on this topic has typically been
addressed from a Bayesian perspective. In this paper we apply Bayesian
approach with Gibbs sampler to generate samples from the posterior
distribution. However, these implementations can often exhibit poor
mixing and slow convergence. This paper overcomes these limitations
with a new implementation of the Gibbs sampler. In addition, this
procedure allows for the number of constraints to exceed the parameter
dimension and is able to cope with equality linear constraints.

some variables may have nominal or ordinal scale, this causes a
failure of analyzing the Pearson's correlation matrix by factor analysis.
However, it was suggested to replace the elements of the correlation matrix
by correlation coefficients which should be calculated according to the
scales of the two correlated variables. The suggested correlation matrix
might become an indefinite matrix which can not be analyzed by factor
analysis, so the suggested methods were established to eduction a positive
definite matrix or positive semi-definite matrix

In this research it has been using template matching to images
recognition, after saving some templates for images as like geometrical
shapes English characters and numbers and then input the template which
is to be recognized after normalizing it to template size if not equal size
templates saved inside machine to recognizing pixel by pixel for binary
and gray images. This method given good results, as well used template
matching depend on correlation to recognition and this method has given
best and strong recognizing.

The research aims to diagnosis the postoperative period of the
patient.ın which an ıntegral database designed to contain personal
ınformation, clinical checkup and examine the patient case after the
surgery based on some properties (symptoms), which ıs regarded as
ınputs of the database and results of three classification as outputs
(patient prepared to go home, be sent to general hospital,be sent to the
ıntensive care unit), by using neural network as classification algorithm
connected with data mining algorithm (one rule) to reach the perfect
classification through decreasing the properties of the original data and
have one property sufficient to design a complete model,this system ıs
programmed by using visual basic version 6 connected to database
through microsoft access.